Dlouhodobý záměr vzdělávací a vědecké, výzkumné, vývojové a
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Dlouhodobý záměr vzdělávací a vědecké, výzkumné, vývojové a
Social Exclusion of Young People in Europe Marek Mikulec Faculty of Social Studies University of Ostrava ERIS Conference Kuopio, 11. 10. 2012 Content • Why this topic? • Main thesis • City of Ostrava Why this topic? • Dissertation thesis on the similar topic • I am young (am I?) = Who is young? • Actual theme in the whole Europe Main thesis of this presentation • Economic polarisation leads to the polarisation of opportunities • Structuring of space strongly influence lifestyle and life chances of each individual • Increasing number of persons is at risk of pre-traumatic stress syndrome Economic polarisation leads to the polarisation of opportunities • Bauman (2008): today´s excommunication cannot be seen as a result of momentary misfortune that can be corrected – it has a touch of irrevocability. Structuring of space strongly influence lifestyle and life chances of each individual • It is important to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary separation of the groups of inhabitants in the space. (Temelová, Sýkora 2005) • Separation – citadels (gated communities) (Marcuse 1997) • Spatial segregation is one of the fundamental and visible manifestations of social exclusion. (Burjanek 1997) Ghetto Culture of poverty • Ghetto as a place of disorder and deprivation? • Form of social organization (Whyte • Strong tendency to reproduce itself • No trust in institutions of mainstream society • Creation of alternative system of protection and security 1993) • Alienating from the values of mainstream society (Dahrendorf 1995) (Lewis 1966, 1969; Radostný 2005) Increasing number of persons is at risk of pre-traumatic stress syndrome • Zimbardo (2005) – Fear from what can happen – Uses this term in the context of terrorism – Possible usage in the context of fear from lost a job (inability to pay liabilities, inability to plan the future) City of Ostrava • Czech Republic – good „starting position“ after Velvet revolution • Deindustrialization • Reorientation of economy • Limited opportunities Population development in Ostrava and the Moravian-Silesian Region between 1869 and 2011 Data source: A historical lexicon of municipalities: according to administrative division of the Czech Republic as of January 1, 2005 In Hruška-Tvrdý, Kukuliač (2011) Development of the proportion of children and senior citizens in Ostrava’s population between 1950 – 2010 Data source: ČSU. SLDB (1950 – 2001),MMO k 1.1.2010 / Czech Statistical Office Census (1950-2001), Municipal authority of the City of Ostrava valid as of January 1, 2010. in Hruška-Tvrdý, Kukuliač 2011 Development of the average annual unemployment rate in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and the Moravian-Silesian Region between 2005 and 2011 Data source: GIS 0 – The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In Hr uška-Tvrdý, Kukaliač (2011) Literature • • • • • • • • • • Bauman, Z. 2008. Tekuté časy: život ve věku nejistoty. Praha: Academia. Burjanek, A. 1997. “Segregace.” Sociologický časopis. 33 (4): 423-434. Dahrendorf, R. 1995. Report on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion in a Free Society. London: Commission on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion. Hruška-Tvrdý, L., Kukuliač, P. a kol. 2011. Socioekonomický atlas Ostravy. Ostrava: Accendo. Lewis, O. 1969 (1965). La Vida. A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty – San Juan & New York. London: Panther Books. Lewis, O. 1966. “The Culture of Poverty.” Scientific American. 215 (4): 1925. Marcuse, P. (1997): „The enclave, the citadel, and the ghetto. What has changed in the postfordist U.S. city.“ Urban Affairs Review 33 (2), pp. 228265. Radostný, L. 2005. „Faktory sociálního vyloučení“. Pp. 71-80 in: Sýkora, L., Temelová, J. (eds.) 2005. Prevence prostorové segregace. Praha: PŘF UK a MMR ČR Temelová, J., Sýkora, L. 2005. Segregace: definice, příčiny, důsledky, řešení. In Sýkora, L., Temelová, J. 2005. Prevence prostorové segregace. Praha: UK, MMR. Zimbardo, P. G. 2005. Moc a zlo. Praha: Moraviapress a.s. Thank you for your attention [email protected]