Czech 141 Fall 1995
Transkript
Czech 141 Fall 1995
Czech Vowels (the approximate pronunciation in the parentheses) A (up, butter) vana, pata, basa, vata Á (father, car) káva, máma, táta, mává, banán E (pet, set, get) nese, vede, bere, les, pes, den É (air, hair, pair) léto, mléko, zelené, celé Ě (yes, yesterday) věda, světlé, pět, devět, měla, oběd I (sit, pick, lip) pil, pila, list, klid, Í (meet, meat, seat) síla, mít, pít, Míla, víla O (Ontario) okno, voda, doprovod, dolar Ó (awe,) óda, haló U (push, put, full) ucho, uzel, koruna, ulice, hluboká Ú/ů (root, fool, shoot) úsilí, útok, ústa, dům, stůl, stromů, domů Y (pronounce as i) byl, kyselý, kryla, (Czech y is called ypsilon) Ý (pronounce as í) mýt, být, krýt, sýry OU (diphthong - show) koule, boule, fousy, dlouho AU (diphthong - brown) au! auto, automat (Czech i is called iota) Remember: Czech has two kinds of vowels: short and long. Czech diacritical marks ' (čárka) and ° (kroužek) make a vowel long; kroužek is used exclusively above the vowel u in the middle or at the end of a word (dům, domů). Another diacritical mark ÿ (háček) is used mostly with consonants. It makes them soft. The only vowel with háček is ě. It can follow the ambiguous consonants b, p, v and m: běda, pět, věta, město. If it follows the hard consonants d, t, n, it transforms them into the soft consonants ď, ť, ň: děkuji, tělo, něco. The same rule applies to the Czech vowel i (iota); it softens d, t, n into ď, ť, ň: dítě, děti, nic. If not followed by either ě or iota, ď and ť are written with the apostrophe instead of háček.