Czech Women Artists in the Context of International Modernism
Transkript
Czech Women Artists in the Context of International Modernism
Martina Pachmanová and Desi.fr iI Pra{uc v\Fak!íšk,Laundeckopťnnllslooó Prazc l Acadefuy aÍArts, Aťťhi|eČlure " Les femmes artistes d'aujourd'hui: Czech Women Artists in the Context of International Modernism discourse of Czech modemism continues to be lintted lt L\€ beginnins oÍthe tw€niieth century many wom.:n,s artists, movements ánd groups were founded a11 by many 8endel steŤeot}?es;ii usua]]y ]eans towards ..r'erEurope- Theiť inteťnationalacťivitiesculminated a harldful of genuine male "masters,"and, as such,pays .jPecia]]y jn the inter-war peťiocLai]d so ii was in the almost no attention to the professionalisation of women .iŤst Czechoslovak Republic. Alúrough work of most in the fine aťts' It is thelefoťe no surpdse that this dis..i r'omen altists who wořked and ljved in Czecho' coulse puts aside soňe methodologica] questions that can challenge the status of modernity and modernism .]ovakia between the wals is most]y Íor8oiien todaý .uch initiatives played an important role at both the on the one hnrlcl .Lnd the ťe]ationslrjpbetween ťhecentre jomestlc and the inteťnaťona]leve] dL1řingthat time. arld which is one of the key issues oÍ d,ris Peliphery InsieadoÍdiscussinS theh activitics in detail, my PapeI conJerence - on the other It is apparent that the concept iiil1 concentuateon how the paradign of {'omen's art ofboth modernity al]d modernism is related to va ous emancipatory tendencies,be it on the level ofcollectives .rn help us to revise the established concept of Czech odemísm, and, p€ r haps, to challenge the rneanin8 of (natiort, et}rnicgroups, women) or irrdivi duďs. IÍwe are European modernisra in general. to exPlore today the stafus oÍEast. and central EuloPean The tit]e of my papel - Les Í|fi|nl|sartistes modem and avani-galde art with rcsPect to both idenťity (Women Artists Today) is identica1 and regior, alisn, we should ackno '1edge that Phenomž'iujaurL1,hL|i lfiih the titl€ of a text published at dle occasion of the ena such as "centre" and "periphery" are not defined pýstala tý t,ar ých undrýň j ihosloLJanských, only thťoughgeo8raphica1boundaťies.fhere aťealso Z!íI]ěrečná .ufiu||skiťh a česko-slopeských (Fnral Exhibition of othel' ]essvisib]ebut none$eless simi]aJiyviab]e]in€ s oÍ ,,dlawn' \\bmen Fine Aťtists fťom Yugoslavia, Romanla and demarcationthat are,io sPeak metaphodca]]ý Czechoslovakia) that was presented in the Municipal onto ihebodies ofciflzens accordhg to Senclerlethnicity, in l]rague in 1939' Its autho! the alt cťitic House VěIa co1our,oI even sexLra]oÍientaLion'What is centťalized ,,]b'lay,., Ulbanová, wrote in the exhjbition catalosue: and whai is maŤgina]ized'and let us sticl. w.it}lthe ďs artisls can not be uith a nerc descťiptian ',.o|nÚ aÍ cipline of alt history now - dePends not only on cÍite.ía šatiÍied .ningsseenin ntture' . , Theydo not ua í to c\[]imwamefi,s ťhataJe dliven by aesthetics,but a]so on those ťhata.e jťt frsdpfo:{afi, afi(lbe thus asíde ion thele eru|!:l|tistic mole de€ P 1y rcoted in vadous ideolo8ical mechanjsms .nJomenk Conte Lpanry art gathercddt thís ar]d theí ,'id€niity politics,,, inc]ucling patÍiarchy. :iť|clopnťfit... a cal|ectiÍrc eÍfoťt, and shous alrcad! The histolicál, sociď and political leasons íoťwhy :Íhibiliox expÍesses :oday'. ' so e ťhafictefistic uhich ca|np\efiÍ.fit a|]d most scholaťsspecializcd in the alt both modern arld Íť]Itu|ťs, uithout uhiť|1this pictufe pre-modeťn of ťhjsťegionhave been immurre to the .n|ich picturcoÍnodeÍnafÍ,a1,rd jmpact oÍ touldbe incomplete."1 sencler-orientedrevisior1ismin art histoŤyáre Despite the significance, there is barely any trace very complex and complicated, and they certajnly lvould of woménaltists in the history o{czech modem art' Thc merit a sPecia1ta]k'InsteadoÍnaming oťanalyzing Lhese 65 99 ,ua]Lto) jLLou€J puE a^qPulou rrloq aJÚaIaJ'Jp P 'o sLual rn ÍIuo se,MslsŤljPuaulo^\ arrŤos]o jjo'\\ aIqDFPuIaJ a{l 'annP^ puP 'paralPrs P ro u3 a q)ns q +do)uor rllsBe ]ou pe.lnsEalll Pu€ paIJIss€{J ala^t To^\ 'lFq] puP daqJ s+I xaq]o pazlsP|l€J JrI+Jo 3JPds aq} Ídn.Jo or (sa^lasurěLll aruepqur a,tqe1rpnb e pasípJ ÁIqP]t^auj sroqueuŤ 'uo saplÚB pa11anp pa{sP ua}JoosP puE) pa]Ňdxa ěIa^\uauo^{ suo Áo}Jlp 1o raqumu Bur,lto:8 aql lra^altoH uorl € l ]uoJ p osP ]nclal{ssodrur ue Ípo pu se-uye naq+rq Jup^! IEJtpErduPur lEql dlqsrau^{oIPnlraIIa}uIJo -rnpas aqt ]slser o+ atqir sE^\ olJ{:) oql 'puerl auo aql ,,oruaragp,, rrarp Íe1dsrpol uaruom Jo apPlll ptl€tuap aq} ,lqB]spu'rll u{] -aplsuMop sll pELl osIEdtÍPlnld puE ssáuuado rlJns l€)l'lolsq rFlM }eqt aas o] olqrssod sl ]! 5smo) }o so8ulqJxa puĚ suoFlqIqxa leuoqELu3}rr]^uPrrr uol}l1lo^al }sllPlJos Jo +reÍordpa: laq+ ue1eo,lt ppor'r 'Í:eurp'roer1xa s€ M sal}pt]J€ s]ŤJo aBuel aq] qrq^'!.lusnruoJar ts lleDos sroaBrnocllouoqelsayueru e 8urpnpur 'uoŤ]PzÍLŤP8lo lapouŤ pazl]EJ]uaJap P uo pa)lo^t Jo se asaq18uoas ,s1q3r'rteuolssaJoJdl€ í be :IoJuoI}P]ŤBP puB .air:rL3 aq+o} uale s€lr JIIo+aqÍeu]ll]Jseru +sŤtŤll!Ťa} ]o P)]}daJs éJo,{'!sa]lo^ l€JlpP'l osaq} 'o ÍuPtr^ dnor8 srq1 'apLs Ja}]EIslq} Luo{ lsnÍ aruPJ suoqrqqxa s/uowo]t,r qBno1 posn ueqo reqr &r,r.ÉnpxJ JqsIuE prn sss:8od aq1 aLF Jo a8pIa^oJ elBsoq ]soru aq] ]o awos }€q} pe+ouocl I€ n ]Jalta]ul Jo suo]lplsa'FeuŤ apreB 1ue,nu eruarpng uerqledre3-qn5 ro e4erol'11se sscald ppolls { puv a]Foddo aql }o dBJExá Lu3tFpasnJJP sJl ,a:qlu ye o] uEFIo] dIJEIlLLfiss€^^ rpns ruor1 ] plno^{ uI a]oura'r ÁIInJ LPÍLII.'! naq] Iol'ltul ,,puor€ á l,, 1rrr 8uLll. qa1 'sal^ls pun slapou atPlu pr'russauuado 1eurlo1 Jo +lpu€ ,{]ls]a^P JlnI+ě pte puoqerr trp suruLual P roJ pollEr prle pcrBoioapr'rorpsl'{1s a^pu^IÉp sP )ro^{ rraq] ,lres ,,,pcs1q1r;serrr,, Br.rraq1o Jo sLP.pIaql uo pools u'seuarps ,lJÍ puD Supourord dn aruec 1o pualsul tdacuor luera'lp e qlr-u s}s]]J€ rrolllo^\ pásŤDJ! sJquJ a^qě^IasuoJa!q'M .Jgpads ,{[PJot pu€ Jo Lustllo$saldxa o1LuslPaI ulo4 pasueJ slsqJY éulc ualuoM Jo apJl] aW ]LrŤs LJrssElJ-oau ,dnol8 Á1euoqeu rpoq aram pu€ solsaJluelu parlJJp ^FeaIJ 'o e se'u snoaua8o:a]aq Esqrv eÉs rpsq:e rFqr pue 'suo+arcadxa asaql srspqarp uo pauiroJ aran sdno rS sr lsour'315i o1 tott l +ou ěLtIc LŤauoM Jo aIJJŤJ aq1 1gInJ pt 'alqrssadlt 'n41ttB,, o1 prp 'raasmor1,lrn:ar aq1 .ru:ro1a1q€rrua u ur ,!ruurua1,, z,, aP!1roag)4r.zJ ul slsan uawon par.ure urerSold poqsrlqnd s1ro1 Burproora - lurp pue ]uásaldal o] ///JJu a'Ip 1enxas,, l1rt8rs o1 a're,u Íarp rřu)) suol+tqlqxa //Ár!ulplo,, ulol] éle]^ap ot parJáclxo 3Ja^4. 816I ln paplino' sĚ^\}Eqr (!L6i1qlunqJ4uft^t4^ sEM s]sl}Je suoqlqlqxa aqJ suoplq]qxa paxlLLIlo aPur-lIP ]o opltlŤ s}sŤuYornc ueEo^{ Jo apJD orB ^q p3}JnpÚo] JqJ alJq asoq] or lelllt{ss1p ÁI8uqPuÍuInII ala]r'ts}st]lĚ puB SJJ}1D éleruJo suopsEq elB o+u'q5nolq] I€ a Iq ]SJIJ ,s068T o} áqr )JPq 8ul]Pp s,uarrro,t,\arp ]o JPPLu sPrretuap aqJ 1sŤxa}ou pŤpsopT^q]erPns q1oq Íq suo111q11xa ,EqsnY Io 4aulah o] .tq, aaq)anÍ uoqrpBl] P peq s3uolJos ,s+sq]EualÚo^4.aloqM . ,,'au! |a4s b hl tpa s]ua|I],|1.111 'sdnor3 rn :o qenpl,rprn su 1r ,a)uDJc Ú1o)'11u11 3u1+uit11t a1 ssanl uom uawomua4oz ,,{ueL.uoD ň4l ptlt ,sa1wapuct ,eu!] aq {IJIIqnd }ÍqIL}Jol spuE.I LPaz) oqr ul EsIrJ€ LlauŤo'\r ' ',3 3 al p\] ]ou stn 1l Úlun sn a5D111)J4Jns1tJ41 ,ssau4,a0.1 é'lart ,816I dluo ola^{ 'l'ra1 l're't :o1 sa+1Lqrssocl IT}un 4+t1.p la 4cÚ1puÚ 4 Jw4 a4,ma4so! poa8g 'slsrralq lPuoTssrj tol paÚH u.ýo oaleJÚ aaaM']ou p1n0m11,oN út.LJo1pauL .old u'\l.o Íaq} }uisald ol sal]3rJos ].rPtUJo] o} ualúo^t P 4s ua r?s ,n8uo4s, a41$utult saa1asrua4l istlo111É4Íe ,sde,^{ ÁuEÚ uI so]l]J€ l cl s,u3trŤo'u :.nsrawhptlolplnon lstll lL 48nouaaqpu 1tp1no142uo4tq Jo sdnolts pal lBrlr paquJsunJIJ qJIqM 'soJlpnÍald lepua3 snolJp^ puP 't1lÍ,,) alnponlas ltaq t M kal om rúuaw up u3u \3naLw .uar|l IoJ ' uoqru8oJal aql sP,u u 1 uau 41mlpltnba nl1\n ?\ntua.Laa40Luaaam tal htns sá8P}rŤp^pĚslpaseq] }o palslxa rIJ1rJ,ll.]PLll rl1Jouc;rq 're; sa'u Árr4uac qta1ua,ru ':a.au h||nt +1sL|/.alPAJel€6T Jaq uI pa]sP 3qs uaq^'l.anssi arp 1o sapecap 1o aldnoc ts4l aqt q slsprP ualuo^\ rol uols .rqt passaPpP 5lllD uP aI€LueJ qtrazJ n /Plspor8 eslo -Ť^oJd ou aq uPJ aJaql á!i} }Pq] lqnop ppos pr.rrp;r1qod alqe Luapun s{ pEq 'onSoPlPr ÍBuol}lr]psul ]qB1a,1'! Z,{lPuauJ-uaruoM iorlqTqxe lsq s,aprJ erp o1uournpcqur aq1w lnd se,r'r pue áIqlxaE-Jopue8 olour ulsruláporu Jo asjno]slp áql a>leulo1 ua)Pl aq uPJ sa€ a }Pqs IE)Ť]II]PuP sporpaLll Iaqio }qM ptlp ,utututa!ptl,1sv pa1rurrr Í11upgredns s.reaÍdueu ro1 se,l'r1eqlya Í1rrnbsrp pue d1s,,iqe'roÍad :utstr:e ;o eue1rrr8uqruaalcl aq1 op 'lto11 ,,í1lu':aporu,, ssarord aql o1 -pollŤ arF asmoJslp 1o //3uuapuaBua,, Jo p p1no^\I ,suosPaJ [eIJnD sJ+Pq]uopsanb dn Bullq o] Ďll I P dcl pPaI aJuEI€ a ddP o^I]JaIIo) lLŽ+s1s,, ] sE ,,,asuodsal ,Ja^aMoLI,,{BsaJPp ]!1,]LŤ3ulotllIuJIJorsq € qJns ]B ]l?rF I pa1a:d're1urse'u 1'rom rraq1-lr.oqpau1urla1ap ípp1dxa jno€ s,uauLo^\laq,}oÁu€ Jo qrl ap4J aq] ]o euIPrIarB :apun Bunrqrqxa 'ra^oarotr{pE s,uaruo't snoradsord ,íJalvululo]un uou ]noqe sluaurn3're pe1roddns Ápo - l11'^'l,sra{1o1o s1ro'lr a:olpaul Áq paMopPqsJa^o uauo Y oNwvrivd vurvt{ LEs FlrNls a(rsrs D'auoLIRD lrur CzEcH Wo\EN ARTsrs rN rrt! CoNExr but álso jn tenns of theiťdifference cal ,,mascu1inity,,, ,,feminjnity.'' Even Jan Zrza\"ý, one of fťoman idea] of the mosi renowned czech m odem Painteťs,hurried wíth an explanaiion o{why $roman,sactive pŤesencein aťti5 and crc]]ted ý'..desjJable:,,TheLiÍeoÍa humanbeing is direcfeL1 dňL]eand reaso1l' As i11stincÍ anll intellecÍ, by Íuo\rcntÍorces: tL|iL]e oÍthis spLit,fensanpťepgiLs in na , !1|tt1 aco sequl:nce nl Jandn ' ' ' Thť uav of apPrcnchi|sli,Í]e, and all andÍeeLi1\ than th? |iÍc íúner|iÍeaÍuofiafi is i1|its essenÚ]1JefylliÍÍťreú ndťfitandins lifc thra113h ínf|1iÍiall Lead l)vfeeling oÍfia . U , to het dri|)es,uoman is d ÚeatuÍeclaseť dnd hei\ obedienÍ Man, uho daesnat\ixe Íaniturc fl d shťis morenvsfer io11s, rcProduce \iÍe fu hínself, has a.rerÍed afid cannat bitÍh Í|om atwe. . .and prcjects his life a d consciousl'kssi to abstractia s oÍrenson' ' ' IÍeithe| oÍthefi fian o| uo]lLan are to , , uofian intfoducťsin mdkeany uo1+that is to suf.)i7Je' it d cantent,uhíle ma crealesítsÍot|fi,. ' Thefeafe fiany 1t1amefi in nodern liÍe )hoíakeo,ťr Íhctasksa d dutiesoÍ c1llíuraL de|)dopmťnt ísat en ifi public liÍe'It is l1siínÍhaÍ etjstenceto ťense dedde d' . ' Is ít the fieafib|g.! wo1na1t,s bci!|gauoru ? (''')Thereisna more óblťtaskÍaÍheÍtha|l this: to bea bith íi.reLptotecto|a|1dcfeatof oÍÍ,LtufellÍe- oÍ Since the end of the nineteenth cenfuIý \^,henthe first aticles and books apPeaŤednrl.]ectingthe role o{ women in aťtand culture,s there existed a poPu]ar notion iiat womeďs abstract úinking and imagin ahon we.e not s!fÍicienťlyand adequatelydeveloped, and thatwomen authors thus depend mlrch more on viewed leality than men- A]thou8h dxe idea that female alt is dedvative aňd tied to imitaťion aud nimesis w hj Iem ale aŤtsPťings fÍom imagjnation and abstlaction was based on very va8ue and often mis]eadin8 scientific know1ed8e, mod€rn alt critjcism was qúck to applop ate it. czech alt clitics wele no excepťon.At d]e occasion of Malkéta Gott1ie bová,s exhibition in Bťnoin 193&M' R. Carnmerel stat€ d ,,s abiliryis in the caia1o8uethat ilniÍi.antsťnsuil-concrcte It needs a co mon L1eanifiataÍoÍaLLÍealwamenaftists.,,6 to be emphasized that such 8eneÍalizin8and 8endel-bi,,pÍero8ative,, on]y o{ conseÍvaased opjnion was not a The ]oca] debates about tive criťic' súchas CarŤmeťeť. modeťnism in visua] aťtdid not dwe]l excessively on the dilemmabehveenrcalism and abstractionism,which was ihe case,foťinstance,in Geťmany.And yet' itis appaJent that the fi8ulative tendencies that Ío]]owednot only an o]del tťaditionof Western art but also some oÍ the 1atenineteenth- and eaťly-twentieth-centurystyles of INTRNAnoNAL MoDERN'SM were conceived in sharp contŤastto a iluly modem sty]e. They were considered acadernicand conservative.Mar oI rťJi'|' rFo l 'J..'ci.|'or e\ ť r F\pre..ion. 8indIl,/d|ion ist tendencies camot be interpreted as a Purely sexist attack agaifft women alLlsts' It is true, howeveŤ, that this was a domain oí many women aItlsts WoŤkrngi]r (,,e(ho.|o\.]l:abetweer t].ett.r-' and .l' e dn é.gal. ment about women s inclination to tradition as opPosed to revo]útionwas usedby intellectualson eithel side of the cultu ťal-Po]itica1spectrurn, the cjiteria of nrodemity $,hen Kaťe]Tei$, cannot be taken as gendel ]reutťa]one o{ the most Iadical Prcponents oÍDevětsi] senela,,Íhedeceií Ex?fes5iaflis1|1,,1111922, tiory7 condernned ď he declared this sq'le to be histo cally anachronistic, and á tyPica1si8n oÍboth Germanness and Jewishness. He did not hesitate to throw onto one Pile unneeded ,,!rash,,,as he Expťessionjst Put it, and al] those who did not sklťe his radical id€ a s, including - and let me úncleťlinethis - women.s Thc avant gaŤdercvolt againstthe tota]ityofbouŤgeois cultuře, its psycho-social mechanisms of domina ,,ii.stitution,, oÍart tion, ar1d,]astbut n ot ]eas! agajnst the itselt could have been ar, effecLiveideological weapon for women against patťialchalconhol, especia]]ysince this ťevo1iwasboIn in the contextofnew social movements, inc1udin8 fenlinism. l{owe\,er,thank.sto a pŤoclajmed crísis oÍ c]assicalaestheticsand an iconoclastic apPeal whose u]timateaim was io meÍgeart arld ]ife,the avantgaťdeprosŤamwas vcly prob1ematicÍorwomen.on the one hand, jt ofíercd úem the chance to paÍticipate in deconshrctinS the canon that had excluded them in the past fťomboth the pubiic spheÍeand the pIoduction of ,,cost1oPoLitaficonjÍater i art' on the oťheťhancl sých a Íy',,]imited theú endeaÝour to seaich foÍhi storica] foun dations o{ their owr! Íemale tÍadition. In other wolds, iÍ women wou]d have taken paIt in the Prccess of the ,,Iiquídalion aÍai,,,Ia which rvas the ultimate goa] of the Devětsil avant-gaíde, they would have to give Up both aft and theil o\^.nheťita8e be|ore asseIting themselves ,1 aid discoveling as art professioĎals,gaining the 7'7ť,,, in history lf\e Úace oÍ,,1[1!tilifta|iÍy,, lt is thus one of the hjstoÍicalparadoxes ihat the moment }then women, after decades oÍslnrg8]e,wele finally acceptedin art academies,and startedto Publicly exhibit theiÍ woŤk, ovellaPPed with the ávant talde,s aitemPt to thlo\Ý oÍficial alt education and museums overboard.If the deal of the Czech avant-gardewas, in 67 89 áapaap01 pu| a|ua!.s4]oqla pp{ )4] ut s]uap1)!3lI+ uoqou IEJrddloarstssrlJ) ,,rar!O,, aq] alDu8rsapot pasn t),,'1'!1] /l+lr::q,pn )nai pLLau,]/l114 puÚ uo$o aJPsLuFl eséL[] }eq]uJnoBloJ aq}ou plnotls lŤ/ssau aau p?no\\t]D4]p1n) -pJP'{\)Jeqpu€ /ssJuc^qe]llulí]nlss€ d Jo suoŤ}P]ouuoJ 1tnaslo sualx11tlul ualL 4+ml14tlnba1ý 4laal o1 uauon lpnpt st l.r:ar sauaqduad ap.qm'jluryparqBmor8 pue 'IBurBuo palqtuat11uu:! anbodgno 1u41 4,,:uoeLqr'| fuuo ,a]LŤP}sLll ,a^qJ! sEuaas ^flPnsnaJ€ sallual atrurs JoJ ,,.s]'4'10J 0]],ll -xa s,9^ol4laÍ Puazog Jo anžoP}PJ aq] ul /,' '3u14urq1aj -rd+t|t,, pue ,,selualtrtts .ro1pquassa osp € r ofu{ ,E4í^qsoleÍ,uŤaq} lbco7,, Jo auo d]alJos aqr uL]rlarrŤala sŤqJ!qÁ{ ,sJ lroqd ad pLLesaquJJ +noqEuoŤssnJsP (pasPlq a^rtP^resuoJe se uPLuom u alor aq1 Suqe'ra1c pur: 3u1 1o o+pelnquluoJ s+urluqsqd sÍu-uÍueu uLpue) 3uuse13uo1aq1puedxao11rru1rodur lroddns alq,r.r acl(loarots srLI+ qJnsJo í]uPlndod Jq+3u apŤsuoJ ruorrP,slsruP uaLto lnoqPrlol^{oq {sJI}Brll]r apru. sl /sěd,{]oala]s }! .Jaq}oáq] uo ^}lruapt -luu,rp-uouÍueu uelg .ruqp:rpe'r pu1q s,ap're81ue,lu JaPuěn pu! leuoF€u JÓ JT.Ln{ra puPrl auo oq] uo ,úL|enb cqsq're uaailrpq drqsuoqe1a'raq] aql o] anp íluo aJloj'Jlislu€ a^Fsoú9ajE sP pcÍp4:Iod JarEo pu€ ) s}sl]ft uaruo^{]Pq] auŤnssP passerdxa Ípr:ndra oq-nlsIEn]JoII.]LLt'le,{\-la}Ltt qJazJ aJa^4. (,,s-lJLLlo,, 'ssalaqlauou,sp^'\ ÍuPLuJo auo Á[LŤo uJa]saM o1 rqeurBop sq ppo,lr 1r 'rrar,r 1o luod srql ruorl uaas EI,sJeLoLlJs Ja+€ L u oN Íueru 'ro1crdo1 Br'rqer'rtcse1 e arueeac1Ípua:ar 1ro,r'r.p: 1qBrur]raÍoldapreB1uv^PaT }s!]lle,^'!oq ál']llllJ qJazi) Ť}JPldpuť'IPJqaJoaql ásoq,l{ ,aple8JuP^P LlJ3ztr aq} 'a8reJ aprpS-+uE^pqrazJ pastulojdruoJ pue pa}rparcsrpJo1sne uo paruad IPŤJ]JJo lo elqunj linrln,l pas:Lerd .qt aq}Áq Pa+PJqalaJsP,ur€ r F uIsITBuoq euJá]uléq]]o s+IuIIT .d€ ,{IqPplo^lrm a^Pq+snrus]sl]ft uaruom ]o uoq]npold aql Jo 3tuos 'Morls o] uauŤoMpu! ,sMél ,suelu'la! uo aq],d1uoqnu plr8olorua}sldáJo .IalEaqE puĚ !1ISIIPJIpPJ )JPural lsruhnpqJ s,o8lal pé]onbI íad€ d sn{] Jo 'IErI IPff]InJ Jquaq}LlB]o uoŤssaJdxaLLesI uP uJaporu ÍIn:} }sJI]ág] q ,,.sjarl]o,,Jsq]o Íuelu Jo uor1ez1leur8:eru ]Pq] su€ t Jo]sq lJP Íueu íq po1urrdo:dde_ uapt aq1 puPq-ul-puPq Ía]IJPapŤPsoslE sP ,saon s]sqlP o] $lueqJ (u^'!ou)l s,1ÁPsPI/{loJ st sJl}lod tl]l^'!. PlJql| I llJM uauLo'r'r1o uorrezlpul3rpur 1prntp. p,'i 1"ct"o1s,q sIPJÍp€ J lls]?^ac Jo pal]€ q aql)'3plPř }u€ ^ e lsIlrŤJo]uoJ "q1 -uou ,puoJas aq] sa.{aaq}ul r.ueqlpalryarrsrp ^llressaJau 'allli} }PtF ]JPI tu€ ] Joduq aq] }ruIoo] ]oúlPořttJ sl lL Jo I3}u3o} 8uqsxa aq] o]ul sloq]nP eLelua1 auPs aq} ]B /qJq^'l.]ncl eÚo)s }lE IEuoI+Eu'ro]Ln as:InoJsrpurcaJ]suŤťrrŤ ÍJo]slq 8urpn1crrrÁ1drms:o ,;l]ll1l,i]l4l ulaq] palqPua PILI^!,suo4n1qsulunj a}P]spLŤ!}uaruuJa rslleHudssJ Jo -^o3 aq] t1Ťo4+Joddnspa1uapa:ardun pc^taJal s}sqle d1lrqeu-ralqo'rdpue (}s]}Ej€ d as Jo) a]PJPdasP 5uq€ o D JaŤla 1no!1l^{,(a]3ilMáslo puP P|JP^oFoqJazJ Ln)]lP uJa uaruo,lrdruaprserd srq Bur'rno uoqe<lnuuruas,muo- t -pour Í'ro1srqaq} puPssallualar P se^\'jdftsPlr'{D alP uo alqtsl^ slsq:rPucluo^l ratoLuord 1o ,,dPÚ?, 1o Jo In]ssaJJns ']uapjsold a{!rrŤo] ]!\oq }noqE )'rTl} o} Paau a'M ,]sIá 'lus(uepolll J )€^olsot,1)áz:) ]sjg aLF ]Etl] u^{otDllla^'!sl ]o asrnorslp a\! ,,3uuapua3u,, rarlrPa prllPr I teq^{ }I }J€ ulápollŤ LIJazJ ]o í'ro1srqaqr u1 uorpnpord naq+ Jo] Ía)I ,a^aÍaqI 'fi slsdPu! 3soq'M rua1qo'rdp1o;o^q e 3rn'-,$rrcnbsrpur a1orprrrur e ,uorurdo Áru ur ,pcÍqd 1uql uoluo'4{/Í}{PluJ8 LFI^{pa]uoUuoJ ďP a^\,]JP]sŤq]ri}Il.\aJ']Jo] aJlJ LuoIqo.ldj3tllou€ }aÍéJPJol pPq s+sl'+lP ()1 rICpapnlJul ss€ I J 8uryJo^'!aqr pa1cq Íaq+rer'1rsuorlvsnJJP saplsog úaqduecl oq] Jo] sJqIJJ u€ uJapoul qJazJ puP uaulo^a. dpoqdla^a .IoJs]qBu l€ r rba 'ro1í11rr1dxa s}spjP uauoM óLII^orrŤaJ paLtersIaP€ a I s}IuarlM s]sqrp uJLuoMJo' 8upuP]sJapun 1o s1uarun8:reuleru aq; 1.)auo se,M ')]rads o} os ,sosslJŤJ sTPursJJo arrcsqP eLLl1o^3^!or{lursr^qrsllor apreSJuP^P s,1s1q,raqÍq paurrursprm sPll uLslpnpŤ^Ipullen]JJl 'o srlP]s alqPqJno]Lm aqr Ia]u] puP ,/sl1ruai',,JPSŤ+JE .}ualP^lquPolouŤs€ M Á]lteel .q} /s]qIY ]ELBaru} st ]J rutC eFwac Jo atJJlJ eq1 su rPns sdno.L8ur paletrosse stslup uellrorltpup aprES-luP^Pa$ qloq dq parurlsuaaq e^eq pl noJ tPql 8uq.+aLuosaq o+srrcas Á]!^q]D a^BJaIIoJ uo srsuqdruaaql qBnoqqy s.rar.1lour-s:ossarapa.rd.rlerr'1 ]suIP8E]qBg o] sa1+I]qssodMaJ dlaÁ Í1uo pPq uaruom uaql '.raq1e;orp rsupSe uos rrp Jo lqSIJ snoLlplua+soaql Jo LUJoJlPdTpao uP pell sasla^oJ}uoJ q)ns Jl PLrP Ťr,,?d4 -rfiua| skolaaula4+4lt0Lrlltr{ Jlrrlol,, all 'spro,t{s,aBFJ .II+IIos po^{oqsapJP5-}tlP^€qJJzJ aql lPtt lDJIxoppJPd ,\,!oqaluossr lI t]]tlt 'qBnoqt 'pa+ouaq ppoqs lI) sdnof lo solÍ]s/suolssaldxa/stujoJ]rP uJ3poLulueJqLU8lsssal aLI{ol spee1Í1quproleun oLI tar]]o ]o uolltzŤrerrr8JeuŤ tuarua^olu apJe8-}ue^Paq+]o uorr€ z ruouPJ arF pu€ ,]daJuoJ ']a^3^\oH snoua8oruoq e sŤ ulsluJaporu tou .uouaruouolld pe}Jad$J Á1euoŤleura1ul uu alrŤocaqseq ap're3-1rru,te.rvlt ra1ut qroz:) ,s.lPá,{ua+]s€I aq+uI 'uaÚ llqs ala-'! ]:IPut luJuldola]\ap puP uoFl]lo^áJJo saa+uen^BÁ|'toa..p,,,,fuuuol1n1aaal tl sq 01lqr p liq peula).]ap]ou 51[lltunml', lpappp ětlsp 'aJuts lnq pI]ÍJo] ssel8o'rd pazqoquÍs s]sI]IEuouloM y^oNvl{Hrvd vN|lxť]^I LFs FEN1MEs ^RTIsTls D,^UJO!].D,r'Ú: czlcH WoM!N AnTjsTs !N THL CoNT|XŤ o| tNTERNÁToNÁr of actrve rnen and submissive women is well kno\ rn to a]] of us.) IÍ wc 8athered at ihis conJerencero disc11ss sPecific featuresof Eastern and centra]Euťopeanmod. em and Post-waI aÍ! we should not Íoťgetthát the task is not on]y to Iethjnk ihe Ťelationshipbetween the East rnd rhp Wps.buL.rl-oto d an dllerfio'l l.r l^ou\'rriou' colonjzing concePts have been woIking inside ouťle8ron as well, alrd what imPact they had on the status ot authors whose names cannot be found in a'ny book covering the .leve]oPmentoímodem aťtin thjs Part oÍthe woŤIdWhile conducting research on Bender politics in Czech modem aťLwhich was centra]to my rccently com encoun teťedunknown Pteted Cljsseltatjoryl6 I repeatedly oI ignored mateía] s by women aItisls whose oeuvre was, ,,tladitiona1.,,of couÍSe,some oÍ in avanř8arde tems' this work has been Put aside quite ghtly by the "masteťnarrative.', Howevel, l found a significant amount of work which calls Íor attention' not olíy flom the peÍspective oÍ8endeI, but ďso because iis visibifity has the MoDrR\.'lg ,,PÍo8ressive', and potential to change the notioň oÍwhat ],,"g,",.i..",, .o.'ia *"on and ímply in modeťnať!and' mo;t imPortantlý could have arl impact on wÍitin8 ar]d undeťsiandingthe discip]ine of alt history itseu' Unlike elsewheÉ in Eastern and CentťalEuIoPe' Czech inter-war modelnism was not an "all-male" busi ness' Toy€ l l, tlrc on]y Íemalemember of the Devětsil Surlealjst ]+oup and a lesPeďed lePťesentativeoÍ the art Czech inovement, played a crucial roie in slraPing '30s, and her eťoticallychalged wolk of the 1920sarld as $.el] hel sexual olientation ceťtair y destabi]ize many gPndťr.t( Poq pe. ']Ppticdlo moderni-|.l.\ť|' U.l|e'' , *. r.'..-'.l'. ' on."n"uleo .|udy ldn d1|.aFu|o8y oÍ a kjnd) that wou1d show the comPlexity of the aŤtistic activities in ouŤťe8ionin the post- (but also pťe) 1918 era, inc1u.ting those related to ňon.avanřgarde l,i77l remain aIt w.i11PeťhaPs 'ťmillÍť,ouÍversion of modern easy io 8TasPbut also ťemainan incomPlete historical ploj€ c t - a myt}. firsť 10' The Liquidation of aťtwas dedaÉd by Kďel Teige in the 1 věÍa U.bánová, Les femmes artisies d,aujourd,h i, in: Mániíesto of Poelism in 1924. Z d! ěÍečná t ýstaaa !ý fuah1ých uft ě]kýň i ihorlr Dafi kýrh, fi In un. (Polcmicképoznánky) (With 1l' KáťélTeigc,s novoll gcneťací s\o\dských,PÍaba 193' pp' ]4 15 |catá]ogae]' sých a čťskÓ lhe New Gcneration:PoleÍnicNotco, Č9.ťž]v May.jln€ ], Quoted in Vojtě.h ŠumaÍ' KŤuh výtvaÍných umělkyli 1921. bult11t! soudobé uÚ1řnína výsÍa.oě v PÍaze,in: Č.skos7oo.ísk' hlha 1924,mpa8inated lcata' 12' le]ílroíJa !ďaslaý ]í1a,Božena l] B//]ě(CzechoslovakArtat lhe Exhibilion of Contempoťary losuel. cúlLuťein Bmo), Brno ]92& p' 1ó [.!taloBue]. 13.Ibiden. ]' o1gaBrodská, Výslava evťopskýchm.]iŤekv PaříŽi(Exhibi' of the 1990s,the supremacyof theávant tionoÍEulopeón Women PajntelsiÍ PaÍis),Ě.',193Z No' 11, 14'Sincethebegiming garde has beenquestionedseveralťmeslry soln€ Czech art ;istorians ecl cuatos, such as in {hetwo'paťtshow of Cze., l ]m Zrzaví o Žcně (About woman), Knť'i tI, 19]9,No'2, oÍthelg20s, oI in the gŤomd bleakng píojectLn Nee.lússiťis1fl p. 403. eniitled G, ps in Hlstarv 1890'1938:me Polclnlc Galtery the Ciiy ] see Mďtina Pa.hmánová, Poh]aví aavántgďda: Diskurz Euro|e Gemans, ,I.as, Crť./rr,to námc just Ceflťrr| spii ;f scxÚaLity ve středoevrcpském umění od kon.. 19' Šk'etído a few Álthough none oÍthes€ exhibiiionsdirectly addÍessed Íoku1930(Gendcrand Avet.GaÍde: The Discouse of sexua1' issues of gendel most oÍlhem inc]uded a nlmber ot rcma.k iLy nr ceniTa]EÚropean Art flom the End ofthe Ninetéenth áb1cand, foÍthe mosl párí toÍgoltenwomen arús6' cent!Íy Unťi]1930),,4n'řl, 199E,No' 12,pp.2,10' This teit (e.ls'),K?/d ]5 see fol instan.e Eric Dtuhoš- Rostis]ávŠvácha sts originally wntten fol ihe 1998^m! ál Cón féÍenceo{ the Camb-jd,ge ADant Gardc' Íhe CŽech oÍ L,nÍi Í ttttibk Tťiť,c: AssociationoÍArt HistoíáN at the Univelsity of ]rlymo!'th (Mass.)1999 MďhÍa l'ácbmaíová, Ceidcťoaópali|ika čřkiho frodťťníha ] 6' 193E, unpágiBmo E' c.itlřĎooí M'ri.l' ]. M' 1t' CnmrereÍ, ' l'í(The Gender Po]iticsof Czech ModernAťt)' disserta' nated lcaiab$e]. ťon defended in th€ spring oÍ 2003 at Charles UniveÍsity Devčtsi],es|ab]ished in 1921,was ihe most imPoÍtant Czech jn Prague; Fbiished uldet t|É nÍ|eNť.flinLí úzaní čťsk|ha inteřwaÍ avanl.gar.l€ group. nr|fu;ko 1;něflí:Pad hqau gť'delU (UnknowÍ TerntoÍi€s of : sce KaI€ l Teige, oexpresionismu (on ExPÍcssionism),in: czech ModeÍn Art: ThÍough th€ Looking G1a5sGendc', Ro.flosÍ,17 atd 1E January ] 922' PÍáha2004' 69