Submerge Scooters Background and History Motor

Submerge Scooters
Background and History
Motor types
Lithium batteries
2000
Submerge Scooters is born and starts using Tekna/Oceanic brushed motors and prop/shroud
technology, which was originally developed in early 80's with Cray supercomputers.
●Submerge- Pioneer of single handle/motorcycle style handle for tow behind scooters (Now industry
standard).
●UV-18, UV-26, UV-42 lead acid models.
2003/2004
●
Submerge experimental Nickel Metal Hydride scooter achieved world record cave dive in Brazil.
●5x F cell packs into a UV-42 scooter. 60 A/h (1500 Watt/hour), 6 hour runtime.
●
2004
Submerge- first production NiMH scooter in the USA.
SAFT F cell pack with 28 A/h and 2 hour run time in a UV-18 scooter.
●
●
2006
Introduction of exclusive, Submerge brushed motor.
●Introduction of N-19 scooter, lightweight model with 2D NiMH pack, 20 a/h (up to 450 Watt/hour)
●Experimental Lithium Polymer scooter. 80A/h (2000 Watt/Hour) in a UV-18 scooter.
●
2010
MAGNUS 950
●Introduction of Brushless motor, Electronic speed control and LIPO batteries
●
1990's
1980's
1
Depth rating: 40 meters
Runtime: 60 minutes
Weight 23 Kg
2006
Depth rating 120 meters
Runtime 60 to 90 minutes
Weight 22 kg
Submerge brushed motor introduced in 2006
Brush board features:
Elimination of all soldered
connections
Elimination of contact
connections between individual
brushes and the brush board.
Replaced by welded
connections.
Result:
Capable of higher power
Lower operating temperature
Extended service life
New, unused
Submerge brushboard
3 year old Submerge brush board
400 dives/400 hours
No significant wear.
Minimal carbon accumulation in motor
Armature design features:
Machine wound for winding
uniformity, resulting in very
consistent motor performance,
balance and reliability.
316 stainless steel shaft for
Optimum corrosion resistance
Shaft diameter increased 33%
(to 1/2”)Between bearings for
improved rigidity and smoothness.
Integral engine cooling.
-Aluminum tail cone acts as
a water cooled radiator. Water flows
Over tail cone creating efficient
heat transfer
-Brush board and commutator
housed inside aluminum tail cone
-armature extends into tail cone
-Field frame attached to tail cone
-Skew on armature promotes air
Circulation past the water cooled
tail cone
Breakdown of MAGNUS motor and Submerge brushed motors
Brushless motor windings
around frame
Brushed motor armature
attached to shaft.
Simple brushed motor control
Vs
Complex electronic speed
Control in brushless motors
(on left)
Brushed motors are very efficient if well
designed and implemented
DPV's are a perfect application for brushed
motors:
DPV's most often used at or near full load,
where brushed motors are most efficient.
Simplest possible control system with zero
electronics.
Low RPM motors (<1000 RPM) have very
little brush wear; require no significant
maintenance.
Allows full power start up's
However:
Unless electronic speed control is used,
brushed DPV motors are not efficient
running at less than 75% power.
Brushless motors, if well designed and
implemented can be 5% to 10% more
efficient than fixed RPM brushed
motors running at peak efficiency
Due to windings on external housing,
brushless motors can be run with more
power, limited only by the efficiency of
heat dissipation.
Brushless motors do not save much
weight; a 3 Kg Brushless motor will not
be as efficient or powerful as a 5Kg
brushed motor.
Brushless motors are very reliable but
the required complex electronic speed
control can fail; overall the simple
brushed motor is more reliable (no
electronics)
5X more performance can be gained
by switching battery technology
than switching motor technology.
250
Battery chemistry: Watt/Hours per Kg
200
150
100
50
0
Lead Acid
Nickel Metal
Hydride
Lithium Ion
Lithium Polymer
(LIPO)
Lithium Iron
Phosphate
Practical example of battery technology potential:
UV-18, 70 pounds/32 Kg
7
6 hour runtime
6
5
4
3 hour runtime
3
2 hour runtime
2
1 hour runtime
1
0
Lead Acid
Nickel Metal
Hydride
Lithium Polymer
(LIPO)
Lithium Iron
Phosphate
LITHIUM batteries
Cobalt
Most commonly used
Eg 18650 cylindrical
Generally referred to
as “Lithium Ion”
Manganese
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron Phosphate
(LiFE)
Manganese
Lithium Ion Polymer
LIPO
Cylindrical Metal
cells
Lithium Ion
18650 cell
LIPO cell 10A/h
Lithium Ion
Lithium Ion Polymer
“LIPO”
1200
Cycle Life
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Lead Acid
NiMH
LIPO
LIFE
Lithium iron Phosphate cells offer the best cycle life but are almost double the size and
weight of other types of lithium batteries, making them unsuited to reducing scooter size
and weight.
Ultimately Iron Phosphates are only marginally better than Nickel Metal Hydride batteries
in reducing scooter size and weight. They are particularly suited to use in the larger
format UV scooters where they can double runtimes without the shortcomings of nickel
metal hydride cells.
LIPO type
Lithium Iron Phosphate
25 volt 10 a/h
8 cells, 3.2 volts per cell
LIPO – Lithium Cobalt
25 volt 10 A/h
7 cells, 3.6 volts per cell
More electronics...
Lithium Battery pack Battery Management System (BMS)
Some Functions:
Cut off charger if any cell exceeds safe voltage
Cut off discharge when any cell reaches low
voltage limit
Balance cell voltages to within acceptable limits
Limit maximum discharge current
Scooter development due to battery technology
200
180
160
140
120
100
Weight lbs
Runtime (Min)
80
60
40
20
0
UV-18
UV-26
UV-42
N-19
UV-N-37
MAGNUS
Battery safety?
Most safe
Most safe
Iron Phosphate
Lead Acid
Manganese/Nickel/Cobalt
NiMH
Manganese/spinel
Cobalt
Lithium
Least Safe
Least Safe
Key features:
Fastest scooter
Most efficient
Longest range
1000 Watt brushless motor
Electronic speed control
Speed with double 18L cylinders:
35 to 77 Meters/Minute
Endurance 60 to 360 Minutes
Range with doubles/rebreather
5.6 to 16Km
Weight 24Kg
Lithium Polymer (LIPO) batteries
(Nickel/Manganese/Cobalt)