funding of public service media 2015

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PUBLIC: This document is intended for public distribution
FUNDING OF PUBLIC
SERVICE MEDIA 2015
PUBLIC VERSION
MEDIA INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
DECEMBER 2015
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) is
the world's foremost alliance of public service media organizations.
Mission: defending the interests of public service
media and promoting their indispensable contribution
to modern societies.
The EBU is a world-renowned point of reference
regarding media industry knowledge and expertise,
particularly in broadcast technology and innovation,
training, research and European media law.
More information on the EBU at www.ebu.ch
ABOUT THIS PRESENTATION
63 organizations
in
45 countries
This presentation provides the main findings and a selection of
charts and maps from the report Funding of Public Service Media
2015, published in December 2015 by the Media Intelligence
Service of the EBU.
In doing so, this presentation aims at providing a comprehensive
and international perspective of the financial situation of Public
Service Media in the EBU area in 2015.
45 countries covered in the report:
Funding of Public Service Media 2015 focuses exclusively on
publicly-owned organizations that provide public service media
services. The report includes information on 63 public service
media organizations in 45 countries in Europe and the
Mediterranean basin. In particular, it includes data on 27 of the 28
EU countries. The only EU country missing is Greece.
Please note that the full report – for EBU Members only - is
available at the Media Intelligence Portal: www.ebu.ch/mis
Source: EBU
MEDIA INTELLIGENCE SERVICE (MIS) – FUNDING OF PUBLIC SERVICE MEDIA 2015
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TOTAL FUNDING OF PSM:
SHORT-TERM RECOVERY BUT MID-TERM STAGNATION
EUR
34.54
billion
Total income
received in 2014
by 63 EBU PSM organizations
TOTAL PSM FUNDING IN EBU AREA (EUR MILLION, 2010-2014)
This amount increased by 2.5% compared to 2013,
which mainly results from recovery after the drop
experienced in 2013.
The short-term trend does not reflect all national
situations: total PSM income still decreased in 13
countries in 2014, compared with 2013 and in the
medium-term, 19 countries had less PSM funding in
2014 than in 2010.
As a whole, European PSM still make up one
quarter of the European broadcasting market in
terms of revenue, demonstrating how crucial they
remain within the current European audiovisual
ecosystem.
Note: Based on 46 countries, with 65 organizations in 2010 and 63
organizations from 2011, owing to mergers in Hungary and Slovakia.
Note: No data 2010-2011 for Luxembourg and no data 2010-2012 for
Public Radio of Armenia and Montenegro.
Source: EBU based on Members’ data.
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A STEADY DECLINE IN REAL TERMS
-5.7%
Average real evolution
of total PSM income 2010–2014
in EBU countries
5-YEAR NOMINAL AND REAL GROWTH RATES OF TOTAL PSM
FUNDING IN EBU AREA (%, 2010-2014)
Despite the positive nominal evolution between
2010 and 2014 (+1.8%), discounting the effect of
inflation shows a steady decrease in total PSM
income (-5.7%).
The trend was even stronger for EU countries
(-6.1%), where many PSM organizations have
suffered budget cuts by their governments or have
received less income owing to frozen licence fees.
PSM funding is being structurally eroded. This
economic attrition does not reflect a decreasing
role or remit for PSM organizations, whose scope of
activities is expanding in the renewed media
environment.
Note: Based on 46 countries, with 65 organizations in 2010 and 63
organizations from 2011, owing to mergers in Hungary and Slovakia.
Note: No data 2010-2011 for Luxembourg and no data 2010-2012 for
Public Radio of Armenia and Montenegro.
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FUNDING AND PERFORMANCE ARE LINKED
PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA (EUR, 2014) VS PSM TV MARKET SHARE (%, 2014)
46.31
Average PSM funding per
capita in 2014
in EBU countries
An appropriate level of funding is generally linked
to more attractive programmes and a recovered
ability to innovate.
Indeed, PSM funding per capita is positively
correlated with PSM TV and radio market share. In
other words, the more funding PSM get, the better
they perform on the radio and TV markets and are
able to attract audience.
Note: Averages based on markets included.
PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA (EUR, 2014) VS PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE (%, 2014)
Of course, the link may not be only a direct causal
one, i.e. increased funding resulting in increased
market shares. The link is probably two-directional
and the more popular a PSM organization is, the
more efficient it is in attracting resources and
gaining support from its various stakeholders.
Note: Averages based on markets included.
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PSM FUNDING MIX:
PSM ORGANIZATIONS HEAVILY RELY ON PUBLIC FUNDING
77.9%
Percentage of PSM funding
from public sources in 2014
In EBU countries
PUBLIC SERVICE MEDIA FUNDING MIX IN THE EBU AREA (%, 2014)
PSM organizations are by and large publicly
funded: in 2014, 77.9% of all PSM funding in the
EBU area was public revenue, and commercial
sources accounted for only 18.6% of the total.
Public income
Commercial
income
In accordance with their public service remit and
missions, PSM organizations rely on specific
funding mechanisms and their funding mix
comprises a fragile balance between public and
commercial revenues.
Other
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PSM FUNDING MIX:
PSM COMMERCIAL INCOME ARE NOT DISTORTING MEDIA MARKETS
This is due to the general slump in the advertising
markets and increasing restrictions on commercials
in PSM: in many cases, advertising restrictions are
tighter for PSM than for commercial competitors.
This clearly illustrates that PSM are not distorting
media markets, and specifically advertising
markets.
2013
79.0%
17.6%
2012
77.9%
18.7%
2011
76.8%
19.8%
2010
76.8%
20.1%
0%
20%
Public income
40%
60%
Commercial income
80%
3.4%
18.6%
3.4%
77.9%
3.4%
2014
3.4%
Over the past five years, the proportion of public
income has even grown by one percentage point,
following a symmetrical decline in commercial
revenue.
PSM FUNDING MIX IN THE EBU AREA (%, 2010-2014)
3.1%
88.2%
Proportion of EBU countries
where PSM have advertising
limits stricter than those
defined in the AVMS Directive
100%
Other
Note: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Luxembourg, Montenegro and Deutsche
Welle (Germany) have been excluded from all years due to incomplete
series.
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PSM FUNDING MIX:
PSM MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME REMAINS THE LICENCE FEE
66.8%
Share of total PSM funding
derived from licence fee
in 2014 in EBU countries
PUBLIC SERVICE MEDIA DETAILED FUNDING MIX IN THE EBU AREA
(%, 2010-2014)
The licence fee stands out as the main source for
PSM activities in the EBU area, contributing 66.8%
to total funding in 2014. Despite having been
recently abolished in countries such as Finland
(2013), Serbia (2014) and Israel (2015), the licence
fee is experiencing a continuous positive evolution,
and its proportion of the EBU PSM funding mix has
grown by 3.5 percentage points since 2010.
The second most widespread source of revenue
was public funds – including State budgets and
grants, taxes on goods and services, and other
public revenues. Together, they amounted to 11.1%
of all PSM funding.
Note: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Luxembourg, Montenegro and Deutsche
Welle (Germany) have been excluded from all years due to incomplete
series.
In 2014, advertising was only the third highest
source of revenue, or 10.2% of total income in the
EBU area.
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PSM FUNDING MIX:
PSM FUNDING MODELS GREATLY VARY AMONG EBU COUNTRIES
20
Countries where the licence fee
was the main source of income
(2014)
MAIN SOURCE OF PSM INCOME (2014)
PSM funding models vary greatly from one market
to another:
Public funds (State budget and grants, taxes on
goods and services, and any other public revenues
except for licence fee) were the dominant source
of income in 23 markets in 2014. Even if several
western European countries, such as Spain and the
Benelux countries, rely heavily on public funds, it is
the most common source of funding in the Baltic
region and in eastern Europe, where there is less of
a licence fee tradition.
The licence fee was the main source of income in
20 countries. Four of the Big 5 markets (France,
Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom) mainly
rely on licence fee revenue. This explains why the
licence fee remains the main source of PSM income
at the overall EBU level, even if it is no longer the
most widespread.
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COMPETITORS:
PSM DIRECT COMPETITORS EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT GROWTH
x1.5
Difference in income
between the 10 main
European commercial
broadcasting groups and
European PSM (2014)
TOTAL INCOME EVOLUTION – TOP 10 EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL
BROADCASTING GROUPS VS PSM (EUR MILLION, 2010–2014)
In 2014, the top 10 European commercial broadcasting
groups earned EUR 52.49 billion, more than the total
income of all 63 EBU PSM organizations. It is therefore
not possible to claim that PSM are in any way
distorting the broadcasting market.
The positive evolution of commercial broadcasting
groups is mostly due to the increase in their pay-TV
subscription revenues. Indeed, the gap between their
advertising and subscription revenues keeps
increasing. Following this trend, a broader migration
of premium content from free-to-air to pay-TV
platforms and channels is to be expected.
This has a direct effect on citizens’ access to
premium/popular content, creating a social divide
depending on the individual household’s purchasing
power. This illustrates the need for public
broadcasters as guarantors of the value of
universality.
*
* 63 PSM organizations.
Source: EBU based on Members’ data and on data from companies’
reports and websites.
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COMPETITORS:
PSM DO NOT JEOPARDIZE THE VIABILITY OF PRIVATE COMPETITORS
29.2%
Real growth rate of top-10
European commercial
broadcasting groups 2010-2014
NOMINAL AND REAL GROWTH RATES:
TOP 10 EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL BROADCASTING GROUPS VS PSM
(2010–2014)
The revenues of the top 10 European broadcasting
groups grew by 17.8% in 2014, broadening the gap
separating them from PSM: this is thanks to 40.4%
growth in the income of commercial groups since
2010 compared to just 1.8% for PSM.
Converting current prices into constant ones allows
to remove the impact of inflation. As a result, the
real growth rate of European commercial groups
was 29.2% over a period of five years. Even though
these are lower than nominal growth rates, they
remain higher than those of PSM organizations. In
contrast, EBU PSM organizations experienced a
real growth rate of –5.7% from 2010 to 2014.
Source: EBU based on Members’ data and on data from companies’
reports and websites.
These findings show that public service media
organizations do not jeopardize the viability of
commercial business models.
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COMPETITORS:
PSM ARE FACING GREATER GLOBAL COMPETITION
OPERATING REVENUES OF SELECTED AUDIOVISUAL PLAYERS (2014)
x13.2
Difference in income
between the 5 main hardware
and software companies
and EBU PSM (2014)
New competitors such as Apple and Samsung have
a keen interest in European audiovisual markets.
Top 5 of these hardware and software companies
have 13.2 times more income than all EBU PSM and
their footprints are global, whereas PSM mostly
remain national players.
Other players, such as Internet giants, US media
conglomerates and telecom operators need to be
taken into account when assessing the amount of
PSM revenue and its market impact.
In 2014 the top 5 players in each of these
categories had combined revenues of respectively
3.5 times, 4.1 times and 6.6 times more than the
total revenue of all EBU PSM.
Source: EBU based on data from companies’ reports and websites.
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MEDIA INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
This report was produced by the Media Intelligence Service (MIS) at the European Broadcasting
Union.
The EBU’s Media Intelligence Service provides Member broadcasting organizations with the
latest market data, research and analysis needed to plan their future strategies and stay ahead of
the game.
Our experts cover a broad range of topics, including TV and radio trends, new media
developments, market structure and concentration, funding and public policy issues.
Contact
www.ebu.ch/mis
[email protected]
This publication is available to download at: www3.ebu.ch/publications
PUBLICATION:
December 2015
DISTRIBUTION:
This publication is intended for public distribution.
DISCLAIMER:
Please note that the EBU / MIS are not liable for any errors or inaccuracies in data provided by third-parties.
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funding of public service media 2015

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