Zpráva ze zahraniční služební cesty Jméno účastníka cesty PhDr

Transkript

Zpráva ze zahraniční služební cesty
Jméno účastníka cesty
Pracoviště – instituce, adresa
PhDr. Jiří Polišenský
Odbor správy a ochrany fondů, Národní knihovna ČR,
Klementinum 190, 110 00 Praha 1
Pracoviště – zařazení
Odbor správy a ochrany fondů - vedoucí odboru
Důvod cesty
účast na konferenci “Preserving our written cultural
heritage – a national task within a
European framework”
Místo – město
Místo – země
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový harmonogram
Spolucestující z NK
Finanční zajištění
Cíle cesty
Plnění cílů cesty
Zeitgeschichtliche Forum in Leipzig (Grimmaische
Strasse 6, 04109 Leipzig
Německo
13. 3. až 15. 3.
13.3.
7.22odjezd z Prahy, 11.14 příjezd do Lipska
12.30 registrace
13.00 až 18.00 účast na konferenci
19.30 recepce
14. 3.
15.3.
12.42 odjezd z Lipska
16.27 příjezd do Prahy
organizátor
Seznámení s novými trendy v oblasti skladování a
dlouhodobého uchovávání knihovních fondů a v oblasti
systémů pro archivaci elektronických dokumentů. Navázání
nových kontaktů
Cílů cesty bylo dosaženo.
Z hlediska skladování klasických knihovních dokumentů je
nejnovějším trendem budování skladišť s nízkou teplotou
(do 10 příp. 15 °C), u kterých se očekává shodný
dlouhodobý efekt jako v případě odkyselování. Výhodou je
skutečnost, že se tohoto výsledku dosahuje bez použití
chemikálií a bez rozvazování dokumentů. Obsluha
skladiště musí být plně automatizována.
Na konferenci byl navázán kontakt s pí. Ingeborg Verheul,
vývojovou pracovnicí Královské knihovny v Haagu, která
se podílela na vývoji a implementaci systému DIAS pro
archivaci digitálních dokumentů. Současně byla domluvena
schůzka specialistů z knihoven ČR v Královské knihovně
v Haagu.
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Program a další podrobnější
informace
Monday 13th March 2006:
12.00 – 13.00:
Registration
13.00 – 13.30:
Welcome & Opening talk
Topic area 1: National approaches, strategies, projects
13.30:
Saving and preserving archival and
library material in Poland: overview
and the most important problems
Anna Czajka, Director of the central
laboratory for conservation of
archives, at the Old Files Archive in
Warsaw
14.00:
Integrated access to the cultural
heritage of the Slovakian Republic
[talk in English]
Dr. Dušan Katuščák, Director of the
National Library of Slovakia, Martin
14.30:
The Hungarian library strategy and
preservation: problems, directions,
projects
Péter Dippold, National Széchényi
Library, Budapest
15.00:
Discussion
15.30 – 16.00:
Coffee break
16.00:
Digital access to the historical
collections in the Czech Lands [talk in
English]
Dr. Zdeněk Uhlíř, Czech National
Library, Prague
16.30:
Preserving our written heritage: 6th
framework projects Paper Treat and
SurveNIR
Dr. Jana Kolar, Slovenian National
and University Library Ljubljana
Matija Strlič, Slovenian National and
University Library Ljubljana
17.00:
National memory activities in Estonia
2003-2005
Mari Siiner, Estonian National
Library, Tallinn
17.30:
Discussion
18.00:
Close of day 1
19.30:
Reception
Tuesday, 14th March 2006:
09.00:
Metamorphosis and memory: national
cooperation on preservation and
digitisation in the Netherlands
Ingeborg Verheul, Koninklikje
Bibliotheek, Den Haag
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09.30:
10.00:
10.30:
11.00 – 11.30:
11.30 – 13.00:
13.00 – 14.00:
UK national preservation initiatives
[talk in English]
Deborah Novotny, The British Library,
London
Die Allianz zur Erhaltung des
Schriftlichen Kulturgutes (The alliance
for the preservation of written cultural
heritage): preservation strategies in
Germany
Birgit Schneider, Die Deutsche
Bibliothek, Leipzig
Discussion
Coffee break
Company presentations
Lunch break
Topic area 2: mass procedures
14.00:
The application of mass procedures at
the Swiss National Library
Agnes Blüher, Swiss National Library,
Bern
14.30:
Preparing and executing a contracts
award process for mass deacidification
Dr Rainer Hofmann, Bundesarchiv,
Koblenz
15.00:
The application of mass procedures at
the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin –
Preußischer Kulturbesitz
Andreas Mälck, Staatsbibliothek zu
Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz
15.30:
Mass deacidification of archives:
comparison of different methods
Dr Michal Ďurovič, National Archive
of the Czech Republic, Prague
16.00 – 16.30:
Coffee break
16.30:
General information about
preservation
Activities of the European
Commission on Preservation and
Access (ECPA)
Yola de Lusenet, European
Commission on Preservation and
Access, Amsterdam
Digitisation without cataloguing?
Utilising international cooperation via
EROMM
Dr Werner Schwartz, State and
University Library of Lower Saxony,
Göttingen
30
17.15:
17.30:
19.00:
Preservation on the Internet: the
“Forum Bestandserhaltung” as a
national portal
Reinhard Feldmann, University and
Federal State Library, Münster
Discussion
Close of day 2
Supper together (cost not included)
Wednesday, 15th March 2006:
Topic area 2: further procedures
9.00:
Digitisation – and what next? Longterm archiving in Germany and Europe
Ute Schwens, Die Deutsche Bibliothek,
Frankfurt am Main
9.30:
Přivezené materiály
Datum předložení zprávy
Podpis předkladatele zprávy
The portal “Zentrales Verzeichnis
Digitalisierter Drucke” (central index
of digitised prints) as part of a
programme to digitise German cultural
heritage
Dr. Thomas Staecker, Herzog August
Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel
Topic area 3: project consultancy
10.00:
How to deal with U.S. foundations
Hans Rütiman, consultant
10.30:
Preservation in archives and libraries
from the perspective of European
research support
Hans-Joerg Lieder, Staatsbibliothek zu
Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz /
Kompetenznetzwerk für Bibliotheken
(KNB)
11.00:
Discussion
11.30:
Closing address
Prof. Dr Hartmut Weber,
Bundesarchiv, Koblenz
12.00:
Coffee
0
24.3.2006
31
Mgr. Jindřich Marek
NK ČR, Klementinum 190
HHF/ORST
Důvod cesty
Účast na jednání o zřizování evropských kompetenčních
center pro digitalizaci
Místo – město
Místo – země
Datum (od-do)
Cíle cesty
informace
Lucemburk
Lucembursko
13.-15. 11. 2006
13. 11. – přílet, ubytování
14. 11. – jednání
15. 11. – odlet zpět
G32
•
zjištění podrobných informací o zřizování
evropských kompetenčních center pro digitalizaci
•
prezentace
našeho
stanoviska
s informací
o organizaci digitalizace v ČR (position paper) – viz
příloha
•
prezentace činnosti NK ČR v oblasti digitalizace,
zejména historických fondů
Cíle cesty byly splněny. V diskusích jsem se zaměřil
především na prezentaci výsledků NK ČR na poli
digitalizace, jmenovitě na naše workflow pro digitalizaci
rukopisů (inkunábulí, starých tisků, starých map), na užité
standardy a na prezentační systém Manuscriptorium (zmínil
jsem též projekt Kramerius). Téměř všem přítomným byl
rozdán leták o Manuscriptoriu a rámcově byli informováni
o organizaci digitalizace historických fondů v ČR
(financování ze systému VISK, resp. z jiných zdrojů,
koordinační úloha NK, návaznost XML standardů na TEI).
Na jednání, organizovaném Evropskou komisí (EK), byli
přítomni především zástupci národních knihoven ze zemí
EU a další zástupci centrálních paměťových institucí
z těchto zemí. Na vyžádání pořadatelů jsem předem zaslal
jako podklad zprávu o digitalizaci v ČR (position paper).
Zpráva byla naší odpovědí na čtyři položené otázky (zpráva
je přiložena). V úvodu zdůraznili zástupci Evropské komise
(Horst Forster, Patricia Manson), že setkání je prvním
v řadě, na němž jsou prezentovány názory zastupující různé
země. Stručně též pohovořili o záměrech a cílech Evropské
komise na poli digitalizace, resp. uchovávání
digitalizovaných dat. Z jednání vyplynulo, že rozhodnutí o
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zařazení jednotlivých pracovišť do sítě evropských
digitalizačních center bude učiněno koncem ledna 2007.
Digitalizační centra mají nabízet digitalizaci těm, kteří ji
budou potřebovat, a to i přes (vnitroevropské) hranice.
Rozhodně nebude přejímána kompletní infrastruktura
existujících center, ale pouze ty jejich části, které budou
pro záměr EK zapotřebí. Počátkem roku 2007 se též
uskuteční další setkání zástupců příslušných institucí. Mezi
střednědobé a dlouhodobé cíle EK v oblasti digitálních
knihoven patří v oblasti digitalizace rozvoj architektury a
komponent digitálních knihoven, v oblasti uchovávání
příprava na užití systému OASIS a na obecnější rovině
strukturace výzkumného prostoru pro FP7.
20. 11. 2006
33
Position Paper of the National Library of the Czech Republic
1. The current state of the organisation of digitisation in the
Czech Republic
The digitisation of scarce historical documents is carried out principally in the National Library of
the Czech Republic, where digitisation is in the hands of a specialist company, AiP Beroun s.r.o. A
complete digital copy of the original is created, including a description and its association with the
image. XML standards are applied (MASTER,TEI). The data is entirely system independent and is
directly accessible with basic computing facilities. It is compatible with other systems (exportable to
UNIMARC and MARC21). The data is created in Czech and English.
The National Library collaborates closely with the TEI Consortium, providing methodological
guidance in specialised fields. The National Library and the company employ experts to prepare
document descriptions. The company provides services and technological and methodological
support, in close co-operation with the National Library, and implements the adopted concept of
digital document creation.
The data and the images created are immediately made available on the internet in the
Manuscriptorium database (http://www.manuscriptorium.com). OAI-PMH and Z39.50 connectivity
makes the data visible in the TEL-ME-MOR projects, in the uniform information gateway of the
National Library and in other systems capable of applying this connectivity.
The current capacity for the most demanding documents is approximately 200,000 pages per annum
and at optimum usage up to 500,000 pages per annum. The capacity is only partially exploited.
2. Previous development of digitisation competence and the
view of the future
The National Library of the Czech Republic and many other Czech institutions collaborate in the
sphere of digitisation of scarce documents with AiP Beroun, s. r. o. The growth of digitisation has
been accompanied by the development of tools for the linking of images and descriptions within
composite XML digital documents which are software, hardware and platform-independent and can
be handled by basic, everyday computers. The basic tools are freely available to download from the
Internet.
These activities naturally lead to the accessibility of digital documents. The Manuscriptorium
digital library (www.manuscriptorium.com) concentrates on making data accessible via binary tree
technology, avoiding the use of demanding dynamic databases. It has been developed for publication
and detailed searching in extensive data, originally on fixed media (it is used for the publication of
the Czech National Bibliography, Patents,...) The technology facilitates powerful searching with
minimal hardware requirements and at the same time it guarantees complete security. The creation
and management of data are handled separately, linked to completed compatible documents. This
means that any additional compatible data can be simultaneously accessed. Data contributed by cooperating partners and associated bibliographical data are therefore imported into the system without
the images. The system permits high-quality presentation of ‘remote data’ stored on remote servers.
Consequently, data from our Slovak partners is now presented in Manuscriptorium.
Manuscriptorium intends to act as a European digital library of historical book resources, especially
manuscripts, for which the processing methodology is the most advanced. Over 700,000 manuscript
pages have been digitised so far. By co-operating with institutions around the world, especially in
Europe, we also cover an area not covered by TEL (institutions which are not national libraries and
institutions outside the EU). Co-operation is active and is producing practical results. Further
development of this co-operation will be ensured through the European ENRICH project.
34
Its results are to be targeted at users and institutions which provide the digital content.
3. Requirements
European Commission
Co-ordination of co-operation between EU countries.
Financing of digitising activities through European projects.
Implementation of standards and inter-operability of existing systems.
Closer integration with TEL.
Local Digitisation Studios
Development and enhancement is presumed on two levels
Services:
- Provision of online services for the creation of compatible documents
- Environment for online management of documents offered and newly adopted by Manuscriptorium
- Creation of further environments, optimised according to types of users (for education, for public
consumption)
- Multi-lingual environments, addition of further languages, assessment and implementation of machine
translation
- Enhanced exploitation of unused potential of search system (sophisticated interpretation of simple query
according to type of user and ontology)
- Intensification of creation of fulltext documents (transcription, transliteration, OCR)
Technology:
- Completion of development of semi-automatic digitisation studio to create a setup which can be operated
without the need for advanced qualifications and which is readily transferable to new users. The prototype is
now routinely operational, but presently there is a shortage of financial resources for its further development.
- Routine application of OCR and transcription to the digitisation procedure and routine processes to facilitate
full text search.
4. Possible positive impact of European competence on further
development
A positive impact of European competences may be the identification of optimal boundaries between
centralised and de-centralised digitisation studios on a European scale.
The most demanding digitisation projects will probably continue to be undertaken in specialist
centres, as a service. The main factor encouraging the take-up of services, both direct (digitisation) or
indirect (supply of turnkey studios, know-how) is the quality of the service and its economic
effectiveness for both providers and users.
Prospects for improvement
- Creation of conditions permitting the abandonment of regional strategies.
- Motivation to proceed with routine activity, without waiting for the arrival of further digital
technologies. Current data production is now limited only by the handling of documents, their
preparation and description.
- Motivation to create data in non-commercial and timeless form, to create complex documents
initially containing vital information, but permitting further unlimited and non-predetermined
expansion.
- Motivation to communicate data.
35
Appendix A
Data Archiving
From the beginning of the digitisation process, the secure storage of data for the future has been
appropriately managed. An extensive CD-R archive has been built up on selected media and the
redundancy of the records has been subjected to testing. This issue has been solved under individual
‘Science and Research’ initiatives by the Ministry of Culture.
In the National Library, preparations are under way for transfer to the National Library’s common
data storage system.
The tested methodology is inexpensive and reliable. It can be used with minimal risk by
inexperienced digitisation staff in difficult conditions, for data volumes up to 1 TB.
As CD-R archiving is commonly used, it would be useful to issue information regarding the risks
and responsibilities involved in the use of these media, as well as their advantages.
Appendix B
Details on history of the digitization in the Czech Republic
Collaboration of the National Library with AiP Beroun began in 1992 under the UNESCO ‘Memory
of the World’ project, when a presentation on the book holdings of the National Library was created
on CD-ROM. Subsequently, AiP Beroun founded a digitisation studio for the National Library, using
a KODAK DCS460 camera, later adding a Betterlight model. Later the company was commissioned
to provide day-to-day continuous shift-based management of the studio, in addition to its servicing
role. The conversion to an industrial process resulted in a substantial increase in capacity and a
reduction of costs while preserving the highest quality standards. The increased capacity was
exploited for the ‘Memoriae Mundi, Series Bohemica’ state-sponsored digitisation programme. The
company invested independently in further development. In collaboration with a German company,
CRUSE, a unique studio was established, capable of handling the most demanding aspects of
manuscript digitisation (illumination, gold, large format) with the utmost care. Its approach is
approved by restorers. The introduction of accessible services contributed to the expansion of the
project, extending the National Library’s uniformity concept to other organisations (museums and
archives), for which an individual, local solution was not possible, economically or in terms of
staffing. In the past, digitisation used to be carried out on the customer’s own site, but latterly our
partners have preferred centralised digitisation, despite the need to transport the documents. A new
generation of high-speed cameras is currently being introduced, with a new studio design, generally
providing increased capacity. The design has been patented.
36
Mgr. Jindřich Marek
NK ČR, Klementinum 190
HHF/ORST
Důvod cesty
Účast na výročním setkání členů konsorcia TEI
Místo – město
Místo – země
Datum (od-do)
Cíle cesty
informace
Victoria
Kanada
26.-30. 10. 2006
26. 10. přílet a ubytování
27. 10. první den jednání
28. 10. druhý den jednání
29.-30. 10. cesta zpět
rozpočet NK, částečně G32
•
účast na výročním setkání členů konsorcia TEI
•
volby do statutárních orgánů TEI (TEI Council, TEI
Board)
•
zjištění současných hlavních proudů a trendů
v rámci konsorcia TEI
•
získání informací o vývoji rukopisného modulu
TEI, užívaného v systému Manuscriptorium
Cíle cesty byly splněny.
Program viz http://www.tei-c.org/.
Hlavní proudy v rámci konsorcia TEI lze v současné době
vidět a) ve snaze o konstrukci TEI jako "přirozeného
jazyka", b) ve snaze o reprezentaci ontologií a jejich
(semi)automatické propojení s textem, c) ve snaze o
reprezentaci paralelních struktur v jednom dokumentu
(onou paralelní strukturou je často fyzická podoba knihy),
d) důraz na implementaci v knihovnách a na prezentaci a
výuku, který je ovšem spíše okrajový.
TEI nyní začalo být používáno i na několika místech ve
Francii (zejm. listiny) a v Německu (zejm. slovníky).
Musíme vyrovnat s problémem, že rukopisy jsou nyní v
TEI spíše na okraji zájmu. Popisy rukopisů jsou
považovány za hybrid mezi popisem textu a popisem
předmětu. Možná bude poměrně snadné převzít iniciativu v
oblasti vývoje standardu pro popis rukopisů. SIG (Special
Interest Group) pro rukopisy se neuskutečnil, zúčastnil
jsem se tedy SIGu k ontologiím, který řešil podobné
otázky, které jsme v souvislosti s ontologiemi řešili v NK.
Live CD se systémem TEI Knoppix.
37
20. 11. 2006
38
Pracoviště – instituce,
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Národní knihovna ČR, Klementinum 190, 110 00 Praha 1
Ředitel pro vědu, výzkum a mezinárodní vztahy
Projednání spolupráce na budování Evropské digitální knihovny
s vedením Národní knihovny Francie
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Plnění cílů cesty, program
Referáty:
Podpis předkladatele
zprávy
Paříž, Francie
18. – 21. 04. 2006
• 19. 04. – jednání s prezidentem Národní knihovny Francie a užším
vedením BnF
• 20. 04. – jednání s novou prezidentkou programu IFLA-PAC
(Preservation and Conservation) pí Christiane Baryla
G32
Projednat možnosti dvoustranných spoluprací
Cesta se uskutečnila na pozvání prezidenta Francouzské národní knihovny
pana Jean-Noël Jeanneney. Šlo o konzultace k Evropské digitální
knihovně, ke kterým separátně pozvala Francouzská NK několik
vybraných evropských NK, které mají s digitalizací větší zkušenosti.
Francouzská strana je vedoucí evropskou institucí v digitalizaci tištěných
materiálů, zatím co naše NK v oblasti rukopisů. Obě instituce se účastní
projektu TEL (Evropská knihovna) – Francouzská národní knihovna má
kromě toho ještě své představy. Podpořili jsme Francouzskou NK v oblasti
úsilí o lepší reprezentaci národních kultur v budoucí Evropské digitální
knihovně. Francouzská národní knihovna naopak přislíbila podporu
našemu úsilí o internacionalizaci Manuscriptoria. Díky naší roli
v evropském projektu TEL-ME-MOR má česká NK velmi silnou pozici
v prostředí evropských národních knihoven. Důležitá jednání o
budoucnosti Evropské digitální knihovny neprobíhají bez její účasti – viz
mé členství v High Level Expert Group on Digital Libraries (z knihoven
pouze spolu s přestaviteli Britské knihovny a Německé národní knihovny)
a v koordinační skupině Evropské komise o spolupráci archivu, muzeí a
knihoven (z knihoven výše uvedené NK + Královská knihovna v Haagu a
Rakouská NK)v EDK.
Jednání s novou prezidentkou IFLA-PAC se týkalo především nového
zaměření PAC na ochranu digitálních dat. V tomto ohledu jsme si přislíbli
vzájemnou spolupráci i pokud jde o naši prezentace v tiskových výstupech
(časopise) IFLA-PAC.
23.04.2006
39
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Přednést jeden ze zvaných referátů na téma Creating an
International Environment for Research in Library Materials.
Seznámit se s evropskými novinkami a trendy v oblasti
automatizace knihoven se zvláštním zřetelem na standardy a oblast
digitálních knihoven (dle předběžného programu konference),
setkat se se zahraničními kolegy, navázat nové profesionální
kontakty
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Bukurešť, Rumunsko
25.4.2006-30.4.2006
• Cesta Praha-Bukurešť: 25.4.2005
• Konference: 26.-28.4.2006
• Cesta Bukurešť-Praha: 30.4.2006
PhDr. Bohdana Stoklasová
G 32
• Přednést referát
• Seznámit se s evropskými novinkami a trendy v oblasti
automatizace knihoven se zvláštním zřetelem na standardy a oblast
digitálních knihoven
• Setkat se se zahraničními kolegy a navázat nové profesionální
kontakty
Všechny cíle cesty byly splněny; hlavním cílem bylo přednést tzv.
invited paper; těch je vždy jen málo. Tento fakt svědčí o respektu, který
k našim úspěchům na poli digitálního zpřístupnění historických fondů
mezinárodní společenství má. Úplný soupis příspěvků lze nalézt v
programu konference
http://elag.cimec.ro/conferenceTimeTable.py?confId=1 . I když celková
úroveň konference mne zklamala (trpí stabilním okruhem organizátorů i
přispěvatelů, nevyvážeností příspěvků a nepřipraveností některých
workshopů), zaznělo zde několik vynikajících a pro aktivity NK velmi
přínosných příspěvků. Příspěvek Caroline van Wijk z nizozemské
národní knihovny nazvaný The Dutch national repository of cultural
heritage seznamující s výsledky dosaženými při tvorbě nizozemského
národního (a v případě agregace elektronických periodik vlastně
mezinárodního) digitálního repozitáře byl dobrou přípravou na naši
chystanou návštěvu v této instituci, přínosné bylo i navázání osobního
kontaktu. Tradičně vynikající příspěvek s názvem European digital
repositories overview přednesl Juha Hakala z finské národní knihovny.
Shrnul v něm situaci i výhled evropských digitálních repozitářů a
věnoval se i rozboru dostupného SW pro jejich správu. K nejlepším
příspěvkům konference patřil překvapivě rumunský příspěvek The
40
Central University Library System and the Union Catalogue of the
Romanian Academic Libraries. Obsahově i formálně výborně
připravený příspěvek přednesla Voichita Drahomir. Příspěvek
ilustroval vysokou úroveň rumunských vysokoškolských knihoven,
která velmi silně kontrastuje s problémy rumunské národní knihovny.
Můj příspěvek měl velmi dobrý ohlas. Kromě informace o funkcích a
mezinárodní povaze Manuscriptoria seznámil účastníky konference i
s výsledky průzkumu aktivit a plánů evropských národních knihoven a
porovnal celoevropský kontext se situací na jiných kontinentech.
Bilance nevyznívá pro Evropu nikterak dobře.
Setkání se zahraničními kolegy a navázání nových profesionálních
kontaktů
ELAG poskytuje dosti prostoru pro kontakty se zahraničními kolegy,
této možnosti bylo využito především s cílem rozšířit možnosti
spolupráce digitální knihovny Manuscriptorium s novými partnery.
Podařilo se získat příslib spolupráce s Institutem kulturního dědictví
v Bukurešti a Univerzitní knihovnou v Bukurešti. Institut má k dispozici
digitalizovanou velkou část cenné sedmihradské historické knihovny
Bibliotheca Batthyaneum z města Alba Iulia.
Referát:
zprávy
Kromě materiálů reklamní povahy jsme na konferenci obdrželi pouze
program, který je též na internetu
http://elag.cimec.ro/conferenceTimeTable.py?confId=1
http://elagreports.cimec.ro/papers/Papers/Knoll-ELAG-2006-Paper.pdf
18.10.2006
41
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
1. Zúčastnit se na pozvání SEEDI (South European
Digitization Initiative) jejího výročního zasedání v Sofii a
přednést referát o našich pracích v oblasti digitalizace; jsem
jako expert zakládajícím členem SEEDI
2. Zúčastnit se mezinárodní konference ELPUB (Electronic
Publishing) v Bansku – můj příspěvek v oblasti stavu
digitalizace v Evropě byl přijat do Poster Session; zároveň
jsem byl členem programového výboru ELPUB
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Sofia a Bansko, Bulharsko
11. – 18. 6. 2006
• SEEDI – 11. – 13. 2006
• ELPUB – 13. – 17. 2006
G 32 + SEEDI nocleh 11. – 13. 2006
• Přednést referáty
• Seznámit se s novinkami v obou oblastech (digitalizace a el.
Publikování)
• Setkat se se zahraničními kolegy a navázat nové profesionální
kontakty
Program SEEDI
(http://www.ncd.matf.bg.ac.yu/seedi/foundations/foundations.html),
viz: http://www.ncd.matf.bg.ac.yu/news/en/seedi_programme.html
Program ELPUB, viz: http://info.tuwien.ac.at/elpub2006/
SEEDI – jako partner SEEDI (v rovině experta na digitalizaci) a jako
osoba, která dala celé iniciativě jméno jsem zván na výroční
konference. Navíc jsem členem redakční rady časopisu Review of the
National Center for Digitization, vydávaným Srbskou akademií věd
v Bělehradě. Schůzka byla důležitá pro navázání spolupráce
s institucemi v regionu. Později nás podpořilo v projektu ENRICH
několik rumunských, srbských a makedonských institucí.
ELPUB – jako člen programové výboru této důležité mezinárodní
konference jsem zván na její zasedání. Můj referát byl přijat jako poster,
což mi lépe umožnilo (grafickým a trvalejším způsobem) seznámit
účastníky s problematikou digitalizace v evropských národních
knihovnách. Především mi to však dalo možnost prodiskutovat
podrobnější spolupráci s experty TEI konsorcia Lou Bernardem a
Matthew Driscollem při zpracování transformací mezi verzemi P4 a P5
42
standardu TEI. Výsledkem je účast jejich institucí (Oxford Computing
Centre) a Forksninginstitut Univerzity v Kodani na projektu ENRICH.
Touto cestou byla získána i spolupráce Nadace Arne Magnussona na
Islandu s Manuscriptorium.
Referáty:
zprávy
Zájem o spolupráci projevili im kolegové z dalších zemí.
Publikace ELPUB – sborníky konference
SEEDI:
Adolf Knoll
International Co-operation in Building Access to Digitized Resources
ELPUB:
Knoll, Adolf (2006) TEL-ME-MOR or From Which to Build The
European Digital Library, ELPUB2006. Digital Spectrum: Integrating
Technology and Culture - Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Electronic Publishing held in Bansko, Bulgaria 14-16
June 2006 / Edited by: Bob Martens, Milena Dobreva. ISBN 978-95416-0040-5, 2006, pp. 383-384 http://elpub.scix.net/cgibin/works/Show?212_elpub2006
21.06.2006
43
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Zúčastnit se konference IFLA, zastoupit NK na konferenci ředitelů
národních knihoven CDNL, zúčastnit se jednání relevantních pro
problematiku řešenou výzkumným záměrem a zejména projednat
případnou spolupráci
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Seoul, Korea
20. – 27. 8. 2006
• Dle programu IFLA, viz http://www.ifla.org
• CDNL, viz
http://www.nla.gov.au/initiatives/meetings/cdnl/2006/cdnl2006index.ht
ml
Bohdana Stoklasová, Jindřiška Pospíšilová, Marie Balíková
NK + částečně G32
• Účastnit se jednání
• Projednat možnosti dvoustranných spoluprací
IFLA - http://www.ifla.org
CDNL http://www.nla.gov.au/initiatives/meetings/cdnl/2006/cdnl2006index.html
Referáty:
zprávy
Během konferencí jsem se zúčastnil řady důležitých jednání, mj.
s Korejskou národní knihovnou a s Muzeem knihtisku v Cheongju –
s představiteli obou institucí jsme hovořili o další spolupráci, mj. i o
příštím ročníku ceny UNESCO Jikji. Dále byla projednána účast některých
institucí v mezinárodně budovaném Manuscriptoriu s výhledem na podání
projektu EU ENRICH (NK Belgie, NK Španělska, NK Srbska, NK Litvy,
NK Malty a další)
Materiály reklamní povahy
Výroční zpráva NK pro CDNL.
31.08.2006
44
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Zúčastnit se zasedání Subkomise pro technologii programu (SCoT)
Paměť světa UNESCO a společného zasedání Subkomise pro
technologii a Technické komise IASA (International Association of
Sound Archives)
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Ciudad de México, Mexiko
06. – 11. 9. 2006
• 6. 9. – přílet
• 7. – 8. 9. – zasedání SCoT
• 9. 9. – společné jednání SCoT a IASA
UNESCO + G32 (pouze stravné)
Účastnit se jednání mj. s výhledem uplatnění poznatků v řešení otázek ve
výzkumném záměru
Na jednání se předpokládá velmi aktivní účast, nejcennějším výstupem
bylo schválení (a poslední připomínky) publikace UNESCO o využití
optických nosičů, viz dole
subkomise pro technologii, dostupné materiály:
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.phpURL_ID=22506&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
konkrétně na URL
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001477/147782E.pdf je nová
publikace UNESCO Risks Associated with the Use of Recordable CDs
and DVDs as Reliable Storage Media in Archival Collections - Strategies
and Alternatives
zápis jednání viz přílohy
Referáty:
zprávy
12.09.2006
45
Report of the Ninth Meeting of
the Sub-Committee on Technology of
the International Advisory Committee for
the UNESCO Memory of the World-Programme
Mexico City, Thursday 7th and Friday 8th September 2006
Hall 2, Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores
Plaza Juarez No. 20, Mexico City
Participating Members of the Sub-Committee: George Boston, Kevin Bradley, Adolf Knoll, Fernando
Osorio, Jonas Palm and Dietrich Schüller.
UNESCO Programme Officer: Abdelaziz Abid
Apologies for their absence were received from Julian Béscos and Yola de Lusenet
An address list for the members of the Sub-Committee is contained in Annex B.
1. Welcome
Dietrich Schüller welcomed the members of the Sub-Committee and their guests to the ninth meeting of
the Sub-Committee on Technology. He thanked the Foreign Affairs Ministry of the Republic of Mexico
for offering their premises for the meeting.
2. Administrative Items
The Report of the previous meeting held in Amsterdam in May 2005 was approved and the draft Agenda
for the meeting (see Annex A) was agreed with the addition of a report from the UNESCO officer for the
SCoT to be taken as Item 3.
A visit to view the Mexican Codices at the Museo de Antropologia, one of the first nominations to be
placed on the International Register, had been arranged by Fernando Osorio for 11.00 on Friday morning.
46
3. Report of the UNESCO Officer
Abdelaziz Abid, on behalf of the Director-General of UNESCO, thanked the members of the SCoT for
their continuing work to assist the Memory of the World Programme to achieve its aims. He reported that
a training workshop – the third in what was hoped to be a continuing series – was taking place in
Cheongju City in the Republic of Korea. UNESCO was represented there by his colleague Joie Springer.
The first workshop had been about the preservation of documents; the second about digitisation; and the
current workshop was dealing with disaster preparedness. Two thirds of the cost of the workshop was
being paid by Cheongju City and the rest by UNESCO. There were thirty participants at the workshop
and it was hoped that there would be a workshop covering a topic associated with the Memory of the
World Programme every second year. It was hoped that a similar biennial series of workshops could also
be established in Latin America. Fernando Osorio said that support from UNESCO to help fund such
workshops would be very beneficial for the continent.
M. Abid continued by reporting recent staff changes in the Information Society Division in Paris.
Elizabeth Longworth had moved from the post of Director of the Division to become the Head of Office
for the Director-General. Pending the appointment of a new Director, Abdul Waheed Khan, Assistant
Director-General for Communication and Information, is taking responsibility for the operation of
the Division. M. Abid said that he would be retiring from his post in about a year and that he was
slowly handing over the work of the Programme to Joie Springer.
Dietrich Schüller said that it was often asked why the Memory of the World Programme was part of
the Information Society Division and not part of the Culture Sector together with the World Heritage
Sites and Intangible Heritage Programmes. In his opinion, because the underlying message of
Memory of the World is preservation of information, such a move would not be good. This message,
particularly in the digital age, is in need of increased support, both logistically and financially, if we
want to keep the information gathered over the centuries alive and available. A move to the Culture
Sector of UNESCO would reduce the programme to aesthetical issues.
Abdelaziz Abid confirmed that the rise of the digital age is creating a different dimension of need to that
of the analogue age. There is a different set of parameters and problems to manage that require a close
contact with the world of computers. This, to some extent, is changing the aesthetic considerations of
libraries and archives. The changes do not, however, mean that the Memory of the World Programme
will be severed from the Culture Sector. Co-operation between the Programmes will still occur when
appropriate.
George Boston asked if it was correct that, unlike the Memory of the World Programme, every
nomination received for inclusion on the Registers of the World Heritage and Intangible Heritage
Programme Registers was visited by experts to assess its suitability. Abdelaziz Abid replied that this was
correct in that the NGOs for the appropriate areas have continuing contracts to visit and examine the
nominations received. The MofW Programme seeks expert opinions about nominations but cannot afford
to fund visits to examine the documents. It had been estimated that to fund such visits by experts would
cost about $300,000 per round of nominations.
47
4. Membership of SCoT
George Boston reported that, at the last meeting of the Bureau International Advisory Committee, held in
Paris in 2005, it had been decided that the various Sub-Committees of the IAC should have Rules of
Procedure setting out the role of each Sub-Committee, its membership and its mode of operation. The
draft Rules for the Sub-Committee on Technology had been discussed by the SCoT at the meeting in
Amsterdam in 2005 and amendments suggested. The amendments to the draft Rules had been submitted
to the IAC at its meeting in Lijiang in China and agreed (see Annex C) and the SCoT now needed to
discuss how the Rules should be put into operation.
Dietrich Schüller announced that he intended to step down as Chairman of SCoT. He had held the
position since the creation of the sub-committee at the inaugural meeting of the IAC in Pultusk, Poland in
1993. On behalf of the SCoT, Abdelaziz Abid thanked Dr Schüller for all the work that he had done for
SCoT and the Programme as Chairman. He had previously chaired eight meetings of the committee and
had played a large part in making the SCoT the most active committee within the Memory of the World
Programme. It was necessary, however, that changes took place to ensure that committees remained fresh
and did not become moribund.
The debate turned to the appointment of a new Chairperson. The new Rules of Procedure stated,
however, that the Chairperson of the SCoT was to be appointed by the IAC. This meant that a new
Chairperson could not be formally appointed before the next meeting of the IAC scheduled for Pretoria in
June 2007. After a brief discussion it was decided that Jonas Palm be recommended to the IAC for the
position of Chairman to replace Dietrich Schüller when his term of office ended in June 2007.
The Rules of Procedure also laid down that the SCoT should consist of eight members and that the term
of office of members of the SCoT should be four years. At the end of their term of office, members are
immediately eligible for re-appointment. In order to ensure continuity of the working methods of the
SCoT, no more than five members may be replaced every four years. For the first period of operation of
these Rules of Procedure only, four members will be appointed for four years and four for two years.
Those appointed for two years will be eligible for re-appointment for a full four year term. Abdelaziz
Abid reminded the Committee that it should avoid becoming Euro-centric but draw qualified people
from all parts of the world. He also said that the membership should be periodically changed to ensure a
freshness of approach to the problems facing archives and libraries. He welcomed the appointment of
Kevin Bradley from Australia as the replacement for Michael Alexander,
After discussion, it was agreed that the new Rules should apply to the members of the SCoT from the
date of the next IAC meeting to keep the SCoT in step with changes of membership within the IAC.
Starting in June 2007, George Boston, Adolf Knoll, Fernando Osorio and Dietrich Schüller will serve for
a two year period and Kevin Bradley and Jonas Palm for a four year period. New members will be sought
to fill the two vacancies and be appointed for a four year term. It was suggested that Mrs Saroja
Wettasinge, Director of the National Archives of Sri Lanka in Colombo and Ms Noha Adly from the
Library of Alexandria in Egypt be approached to fill the vacancies.
The members of SCoT placed on record their thanks to Julian Béscos and to David de Roure for their
past work on the committee.
48
5. Memory of the World Projects
Abdelaziz reminded the SCoT that it was at the request of the IAC that projects be examined. The
intention was to ensure that the technical standards of projects were soundly based and that the project
would have enduring results. The awarding of the use of the Memory of the World logo did not guarantee
financial support. UNESCO had limited funds for this purpose but efforts would be made to find
supporters for projects in particular need.
The SCoT recommended that questions be added to the nomination form asking about the technical
standards to be applied in the project and asking about plans for the future preservation and maintenance
of the documents after the project is completed. The IAC should be asked to consider granting the use of
the Memory of the World logo for non-technical projects such as investigations and surveys into the
condition of collections. This would indicate that the work is considered important and would aid any
subsequent project to preserve the documents to gain financial assistance.
The SCoT then discussed the nominations received to date. The two nominations received from France
were for the same material and were treated as one. The conclusions of the SCoT are given in Annex D.
Abdelaziz Abid reported on a joint Turkish/UNESCO project. The project has a budget of €380,000 to
equip and staff a centre for the preservation of books. The centre is to be housed at the Suleimaniya
Library in Istanbul. The need for such a large sum of money to establish a book conservation centre
without any mention of ongoing support was questioned. Is the Turkish Government supporting the
project? Will the staff be in secure jobs with on-going work and support? While applauding the initiative,
the members of SCoT were concerned that the project might train people and not be able to offer jobs at
the end of the course.
Abdelaziz Abid continued by reporting that the Library of Congress is setting up a Digital Library Project
to make and collect digital copies of unique documents and collections. The factor impelling the project
was the need to help spread knowledge of different cultures. Talks at the IFLA Conference demonstrated
that there are a number of ways forward for the project. A number of companies are considering
supporting the concept. Some basic difficulties need to be overcome, including the devising of a crossreferencing system for the spelling of names of people and places. The planning team for the project
must include representatives from developing countries and the major NGOs such as IFLA in the drafting
of the plans for a digital library. A few basic principles that can be easily understood by non-specialists in
the field would be of great help in gaining support for the project. The ideas go far beyond the initial
thoughts of the Library of Congress – this is wider than just a project for, and run by, the USA.
49
There is to be a meeting at UNESCO in Paris on December 1st 2006 to explore the project more. Four
basic topics have been tabled for discussion:
1. The architecture of the project – the ownership of the contents in whole and in part needs to be
decided.
2. The selection criteria – the original idea of the Library of Congress was to concentrate on the
unique patrimony.
3. The governance of the library – who runs it? – a management committee?
4. Funding – does supplying the money equal control?
The Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, has been actively seeking funding and has gained
the support of Google for the project. He wants to see positive progress by the end of 2007 and the
UNESCO General Conference.
Adolf Knoll said that there are many problems with such a scheme. Not least is the existence of a good
co-operative system between digital libraries in Europe. The Library of Congress must hold an open
debate about the project and not seek to impose their views.
6. Jijki Prize
Abdelaziz Abid said that the closing date for nominations for the Jijki Prize was December 31st 2006. No
nominations had been received yet but it was expected that there would be about 50 nominations. It was
planned that the Bureau of the IAC would shortlist the nominations at their meeting in March 2007 and
the SCoT would be asked to comment on the shortlisted nominations by e-mail shortly afterwards, with
the IAC making the final decision at their meeting in Pretoria in June 2007.
The questions and advice on the nomination form were reviewed in the light of the experience gained in
2005. It was recommended:
• That the order of the sections giving the details of organisational nominees and individual
nominees be reversed.
• That information be sought about how the prize money would be used if the nomination was
successful.
• That individuals should be nominated by a third party and not by themselves.
50
7. Publications
a. Proposed booklet - Risks Associated with the Use of Recordable CDs and DVDs as Reliable
Storage Media in Archival Collections - Strategies and Alternatives
This was no longer a proposed booklet. The work had been completed and was available on the
UNESCO website at:
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22734&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
The committee congratulated Kevin Bradley for his patience and the excellent work. Mr Bradley
replied that it been a lengthy but thorough examination of the problems and he had looked at the use
of recordable optical discs as a systems problem i.e. the disc and the machine as a single entity.
Providing advice about disc testers had proved the most troublesome part of the work. The results
from the low end products available – software to run with an internal or external computer drive –
had proved to be completely unpredictable and unrepeatable. Of the mid-range products, only one
was found to be satisfactory and only then if it could be periodically re-calibrated against a high-end
tester. The high-end testers were acceptable but were also expensive – probably beyond the budgets
of the small collections who were most likely to wish to use optical discs as the target media for
digitisation.
This work led to an investigation to determine at what point the use of recordable optical discs
became more expensive and troublesome than using a mass storage system or tapes. The figure for
the number of discs was surprisingly low. In fact, in only one scenario did optical discs become
advantageous – that where the electricity supplies were very unreliable.
Dietrich Schüller commented that the book sets standards for preservation projects. It also made it
clear that all but the very smallest collections would find it better and cheaper to use a professional
digital storage system in preference to optical discs. The probability of recordable optical discs
surviving for many years was very low.
Abdelaziz Abid said that a summary – almost a tick list of “Do’s and Don’ts” – was required. This
could be a separate document to provide an introduction to the subject. Kevin Bradley replied that
the supporting arguments given in the book were necessary for people to fully understand the
recommended actions. George Boston suggested that, for each item in the list, the summary could be
cross-referenced to the appropriate section in the book. Adolf Knoll said that an Executive Summary
was required as part of the book and this could also be produced as a separate publication. Dietrich
Schüller agreed to draft an Executive Summary by the end of September in consultation with Kevin
Bradley. Abdelaziz Abid agreed to organise the translation of the summary into French and Spanish.
Fernando Osorio agreed to check the Spanish version and Jean-Marc Fontaine would be approached
to check the French version.
51
Kevin Bradley said that a possible solution for small or domestic users was a web-based store. There
were still problems of cost and the security would need to be checked.
He continued by reporting that research into the effect of light on recordable discs had stopped
because new safety requirements for high power UV light sources in Australia had made it
impossible to continue the work.
b. Update of A Guide to the Standards, Recommended Practices and Reference Literature
Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds
The SCoT had considered writing an update of A Guide to the Standards, Recommended Practices
and Reference Literature Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds that was published
in 1998. It was decided not to do this but to merely update the list of members of the SCoT. It will
remain on the UNESCO website in the six languages and printed copies are also available. The
website address is:
To replace the Guide to Standards, it was agreed that the SCoT prepare a new publication that
incorporated some of the earlier material as well as material that was on the CD version of the work.
The new work will be a treatise on long term storage and will look much more at the physical
requirements of stores – choosing a site, method of construction, climate control equipment, fire
extinguishing etc. A skeleton for the work last year had been drafted by George Boston prior to this
meeting (see Annex E) and this had been accepted as a framework for the new book.
Jonas Palm agreed to begin to put flesh on the outline. He said that much material was available in
the Swedish Protection Requirements for Archives which was now a National Standard and
approved by the legal community. He will seek other authors as required. Again, translations of the
finished work are planned.
c. Preserving the Documentary Heritage
Since being written in 2005 and placed on the UNESCO website, it has proved to be very popular
and has been translated into several languages. The SCoT agreed that, apart from the list of members
of the committee and some of the citations in the bibliography, the work did not need updating. The
address of the publication is:
52
d. Other Publications of Interest
Dietrich Schüller reported that the IASA Technical Committee had recently issued a new edition of
The Safeguarding of the Audio Heritage: Ethics, principles and Preservation Strategy. This is the
third work in a series with the general title of Standards, Recommended practices and Strategies.
Translations into Chinese, French, German and Spanish were in various stages of production.
Dr Schüller continued by reporting that the Spanish edition of TC-04 – Guidelines on the Production
and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects – was to be presented at an evening reception on Tuesday
September 12th. Editions in other languages were also in progress.
8. Digital Preservation Costs
Dietrich Schüller reminded the members of the committee that the Intergovernmental Council of the
Information for All Programme had requested the SCoT to investigate the costs of preservation in the
digital era. Hardware and media costs were continuing to fall steadily but the cost of software
remained high. In the past, UNESCO had taken the lead by providing free, high-quality software
suitable for use by libraries and archives. New software packages were no longer being written and
the support for the existing packages was probably to be withdrawn. Abdelaziz Abid added that there
were three software packages currently available from UNESCO including CD-ISIS. Because of
opposition from commercial software producers, UNESCO was reviewing its involvement. One
proposal that was being investigated was that UNESCO negotiate special prices with companies for
the supply of standard software packages for distribution to poorly resourced countries and
institutions.
Kevin Bradley said that we should start by defining what was needed. Work on one part was already
in progress – the depositary control. Several companies were working in this area and two packages
– D-Space and Fedora – were available and offering a good product. Both sets of software were
worth supporting but they approach the problem from different directions.
D-Space offered downloadable repository software that was better for large institutions such as
National Archives with good support staff. It manages using an enhanced Dublin Core data set.
Fedora was more practical for smaller institutions with minimal support who want to buy in a
product that is easy to install and use. Its architecture was based around METZ.
There were a number of groups of people developing many types of software to be made available as
Open Source Software. We should make contact with this community. Interchange software was
probably most in need of development. Some development of hardware to meet the needs of the
archival storage community was also required.
Abdelaziz Abid commented that the next meeting of the Bureau of the Intergovernmental Council
for the Information for All Programme in early April 2007 (IFAP Bureau) had allocated one day of
its three day agenda to the topic of preservation and digital storage.
53
Kevin Bradley gave a resume of the functional model being developed by the OAIS (Reference
Model for an Open Archival Information System). Further information about OAIS can be found at:
http://public.ccsds.org/publications/archive/650x0b1.pdf
A debate followed as to how useful this approach would be for small collections. Individual modules
may be good but a small institution needed a packaged product that was scaleable to meet their
requirements. It was agreed that there was an urgent need for such a package to be developed.
Kevin Bradley said that each community of archives and libraries needed to define what they
required of a software package to administer their digitised collections. Solutions could be made
scaleable so that the software was suitable for a range of collection sizes and could grow with the
collection. An outline of requirements was essential, however, before serious work could begin.
Dietrich Schüller said that we need to work towards a presentation of the current costs for the various
parts within and archival digital storage system and an investigation into how costs could be reduced
without impairing performance.
Abdelaziz Abid said that UNESCO may be able to fund a consultant to define the requirements.
Kevin Bradley said that it would be possible to take the work further by hiring a graduate student to
put together a package of open source software as part of the investigation into the areas that needed
more development work. An approach to open software writing groups may then be successful in
creating a workable, scaleable management system for a digital store.
It was agreed that a graduate student be contracted to work at the Australian National Library to
investigate what open source and low cost software modules existed, to put them together into a
package and to report on the shortcomings in preparation for work to develop better modules where
required. The work to be finished in time for a report to be submitted to the IFAP Bureau at their
next meeting in April 2007.
54
To achieve this target, the following timetable was agreed:
a. Dietrich Schüller to draft an outline requirement by the end of September.
b. Kevin Bradley and the other members of SCoT to add detail to this outline by the end of
November.
c. Kevin Bradley to establish a position for a graduate student to carry out the investigations.
The contract to run from November 2006 to February 2007.
d. Abdelaziz Abid to agree terms of a contract with Kevin Bradley. The contract to be in
place by the end of October
e. Based upon the requirements produced by items a. and b., Kevin Bradley and the OAIS to
define categories where software is required, e.g. ingest, management etc.
f. Researcher assembles available open source solutions and reports on gaps. The staff of the
Phonogrammarchiv in Vienna will also input advice from their existing investigations into open
source software and their work on the LTO error checker. The researcher also provides advice on the
complexity of support for open source materials. The work to done under the supervision of Kevin
Bradley and the Australian Partnership for Sustainable Repositories.
g. Kevin Bradley prepares report for the Bureau meeting in early April 2007 and circulates it
to the members of SCoT.
9. Future Activities
There were no other future activities tabled for discussion.
10. Any Other Business
a. Adolf Knoll informed the SCoT of a EU project to raise awareness of the documentary
heritage. It was to collate the existing research information to improve its accessibility both as a
training tool and by dissemination to practitioners in the field. A meeting was to be held in Vienna
on September 12th and a report would be circulated to the members of the SCoT.
b. Abdelaziz Abid informed the members of SCoT of the World Day for the Audiovisual
Heritage. The day chosen was the 27th of October - the anniversary of the Convention of the Moving
Image.
c. Fernando Osorio reported that a project to survey audiovisual documents in Latin America
was proposed. It would look particularly at analogue photographic images. A fuller report would be
given to the next meeting of SCoT with a view to seeking advice about actions to take to preserve the
material.
55
11. Close of Meeting
On behalf of the SCoT, Dietrich Schüller thanked Fernando Osorio and his aide, Rita Sumano, for the
work that they had put into making the meeting such a success. In particular, for arranging a visit to see
the magnificent Mexican Codices. The storage facility for these rare documents was an example to be
followed by many other collections.
Dr. Schüller continued by thanking the organisations that had provided hospitality for the committee
during its stay in Mexico City - Data Stock and Fundación Televisa, Imaging Arts Division.
The Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores was also to be thanked for making the room and its facilities
available for the meeting.
Finally he said that, above all, the people of Mexico City were to be thanked for the friendly
reception given to the members of SCoT. It had all helped to make a most invigorating and
informative few days.
GLB 10X2006
56
ANNEX A
Draft Agenda
1. Welcome
2. Administrative Items - Agreeing the Agenda; approving the Minutes/Report of the last meeting;
agreeing the timetable etc of the meeting; other routine administrative items.
3. Membership of SCoT
4. Memory of the World Projects - A review of project proposals received since the last meeting of
SCoT.
2007-01 - Algeria
The Adrar Manuscript Heritage
2007-02 - Bhutan
Digitalisation, Archiving and Publishing of Historical Documents
2007-03a - France
The Art of the French Voyages to the Pacific 1768-1846
2007-03b – France
Catalogue d’images provenant des voyages français d’exploration en Polynésie
Française 1768-1846
2007-04 – Jamaica
a. Transfer of Audio Tapes to Digital Medium for Posterity
b. The Restoration of Queen’s/Tivoli Theatre
2007-05 – Kuwait
Preservation of the TV Archives
2007-06 – Nicaragua
El Tren Cultural del 25 Aniversario de la Cruzada Nacional de Alfabetización
2007-07 - United States of America
a. Exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian
Institution, Washington DC.
b. Research activity in the field of ancient medicine/ancient medical books and
traditional knowledge of plants.
c. Some manuscripts may be eligible for the World Memory program.
d. Publications on World Scientific Heritage.
e. Traditional Knowledge.
2007-08 – Yemen Republic
Preservation of Yemen’s Manuscript Heritage
5. Jijki Prize - To review procedures for examining nominations for the 2007 Jijki Prize.
57
6. Publications:
a. Proposed booklet - Risks Associated with the Use of Recordable CDs and DVDs as
Reliable Storage Media in Archival Collections - Strategies and Alternatives
b. Update of Safeguarding the Documentary Heritage: A Guide to Standards etc.
7. Digital Preservation Costs – Additional thoughts to add to those of Amsterdam.
8. Future activities
9. Any Other Business
10. Close of Meeting
58
ANNEX B
Address Details for Members of SCoT
Members of the Sub-Committee
George Boston (Rapporteur)
168A Overwoods Road
Hockley
Tamworth
Tel: +44 (1827) 700 173
Staffordshire B77 5NF
United Kingdom
E-Mail: [email protected]
Adolf Knoll
National Library of the Czech Republic
Deputy Director
Klementinum 190
Tel: +420 (2) 266 160
110 01 Praha 1
Fax: +420 (2) 2422 7796
Czech Republic
Fernando Adolfo Osorio
National School of Conservation, Restoration and Museography
National Institute of Anthropology and History
Calle Selva 23 apt. 502
Cuicuilco Insurgentes
Del. Coyoacan
Tel: +52 (5) 5605 0239 and 5604 5188 ext.4525
Mexico D.F. 04320
Fax: +52 (5) 5604 5188
Mexico
Jonas Palm
Arkivrĺd (Director, Head of Division)
Riksarkivet (National Archives)
Bevarandebyrĺn (Division of Preservation)
P.O. Box 12541
Tel: +46 (8) 6301 545
SE-102 29 Stockholm
Fax: +46 (8) 6309 233
Sweden
Dietrich Schüller (Chair of Sub-Committee)
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Phonogrammarchiv
Liebiggasse 5
Tel: +43 (1) 4277 29 601
A-1010 Wien
Fax: +43 (1) 4277 9296
Austria
59
Yola de Lusenet (ex-officio member)
European Commission on Preservation and Access
c/o KNAW
Trippenhuis
Kloveniersburgwal 2
Tel: +31 (20) 551 08 39
NL-1011 JV Amsterdam
Fax +31 (20) 620 49 41
The Netherlands
UNESCO Officer
Abdelaziz Abid
Division of the Information Society
UNESCO
1 Rue Miollis
Tel: +33 (1) 4568 4496
75015 Paris
Fax: +33 (1) 4568 5582
France
60
ANNEX C
Rules of Procedure for the Sub-Committee on Technology
Rule 1 - Membership
1.1 The Sub-Committee on Technology (SCoT) shall be composed of eight members
comprising a Chairperson appointed by the International Advisory Committee (IAC) and members
chosen for their specialist expertise. A rapporteur shall be selected by the SCoT from among its
members.
1.2 Additional temporary members may be invited to attend a specific meeting if the SCoT feels
that special expertise is required for the discussion of a particular topic.
1.3 The term of office of members of the SCoT shall be four years. They are immediately
eligible for re-appointment. In order to ensure continuity of the working methods of the SCoT, no more
than five members may be replaced every four years.
1.4 For the first period of operation of these Rules of Procedure only, four members will be
appointed for four years and four for two years. Those appointed for two years will be eligible for reappointment for a full four year term.
1.5 The members of the SCoT shall recommend suitable replacements to the IAC when
necessary.
Rule 2 - Functions
The SCoT shall discharge the functions assigned to it by the IAC.
Rule 3 - Sessions
The SCoT shall normally meet at least every two years. Periodic meetings and consultations
shall, however, be conducted through electronic media to reach decisions. The SCoT shall also hold
virtual meetings as the need arises.
Rule 4 - Agenda
The agenda shall be drawn up by the UNESCO Secretariat in consultation with the Chairperson
of the SCoT. It shall be communicated to the members of SCoT six weeks before the opening of each
session.
Rule 5 - Functions of the Chairperson
5.1 The Chairperson shall declare the opening and closing of meetings, direct the discussions,
ensure observance of these Rules, accord the right to speak, put questions to the vote and announce
decisions. He or she shall rule on points of order and, subject to these Rules, shall control the
proceedings and maintenance of order.
5.2 If the Chairperson is no longer able to hold office, the IAC shall choose a member of the
SCoT to become Chairperson for the unexpired portion of the term of office. The IAC shall nominate a
replacement member for the unexpired portion of the term of office to fill the vacancy in the
membership of the SCoT.
Rule 6 - Secretariat
61
A representative of the Director-General of UNESCO shall participate in the work of the SCoT
without the right to vote. He or she may at any time submit either oral or written statements on any
matter under discussion. The Secretariat of SCoT shall be provided by the Information Society Division
of UNESCO.
Rule 7 - Working Language
The working language of the SCoT shall be English.
Rule 8 - Working Documents
The working documents shall be communicated to the members one month before the opening
of each meeting of the SCoT.
Rule 9 - Points of Order
During the discussion on any matter, a member of the SCoT may at any time raise a point of
order, which point of order shall forthwith be decided upon by the Chairperson. Any member can appeal
against the ruling of the Chairperson which can only be overturned by a majority of the members
present and voting.
Rule 10 - Suspension, Adjournment and Closure
Any member of the SCoT may at any time propose the suspension or adjournment of a meeting
or the adjournment or closure of a debate. Such a motion shall be put to the vote immediately and
decided upon by a majority of the members present and voting.
Rule 11 - Voting Rights
Each member of the SCoT shall have one vote. Consensus will be sought as the normal basis for
decision making on each topic. Otherwise decisions will be made on the basis of a simple majority vote
of those present. In the case of a tie, the Chairperson shall have the casting vote.
Rule 12 - Suspension
Any provision of these Rules, except where it reproduces provisions of the Statutes of the
Memory of the World Programme or decisions of the General Conference of UNESCO, may be
suspended by a decision taken by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting.
Rule 13 - Reports
The SCoT shall present reports on its work and recommendations to the IAC.
62
ANNEX D
Project Proposals
2007-01 - Algeria
The Adrar Manuscript Heritage
This is not a technical project. It is a project to examine the collection to assess its condition. A
project to perform any necessary work may come later. There is, therefore, nothing for the SCoT to
review at this time.
2007-02 - Bhutan
Digitisation, Archiving and Publishing of Historical Documents
The proposal document gives little information about the technical standards to be applied in this
project. It was noted, however, that the target medium was to be recordable optical discs – CD-R and
recordable DVD. These have been proved to be unreliable. A recent UNESCO publication - Risks
Associated with the Use of Recordable CDs and DVDs as Reliable Storage Media in Archival
Collections - Strategies and Alternatives – gives advice about what precautions to take if optical
discs are used for long term storage and also about alternative target media that resolve some of the
problems. The book is available on the UNESCO website at:
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.phpURL_ID=22734&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
The SCoT recommends that the proposers of this project reconsider the target media to be used and
resubmit the nomination with more detail about the technical specifications of the project.
The SCoT notes that a safety or preservation copy of the digitised material is held in Denmark. This
is too be applauded as a far sighted step to ensure the survival of the information. Concerns were
expressed about the ownership of files kept by other institutions but there are precedents, notably in
the arrangements made between the National Library of the Czech Republic and other libraries, both
within the Czech Republic and elsewhere.
2007-03a - France
The Art of the French Voyages to the Pacific 1768-1846
2007-03b – France
Catalogue d’images provenant des voyages français d’exploration en Polynésie Française
1768-1846
Although some paintings can be considered as pre-photographic documents, most are interpretations
of reality. Even paintings of places and events sit in that grey area between reality and impressions.
They belong more correctly in the world of museums and art galleries. The SCoT suggests,
therefore, that this project be submitted to the Culture Sector of UNESCO for consideration.
63
2007-04 – Jamaica
a. Transfer of Audio Tapes to Digital Medium for Posterity
b. The Restoration of Queen’s/Tivoli Theatre
a. The time quoted for the transfer of the 3,270 hours of audio is far too short. A factor of three
should be the minimum allowed for the calculation of the time it will take to copy audio tapes. A
minimum of 10,000 hours of copying time should be allowed for this project. In addition, the offer of
a 50% discount on the price by one of the companies tendering for the work should be treated with
great suspicion. Such a reduction in price can probably only be achieved by sub-standard staff and
work practices.
Beyond the estimated time that the project will take, there is a lack of any technical details to allow
the standard of the work to be assessed. The proposers are advised to obtain copies of the IASA
publications TC-03: The Safeguarding of the Audio Heritage: Ethics, Principles and Preservation
Strategy (available on the IASA website at www.iasa-web.org/index.htm)
and TC-04: Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Objects, edited by Kevin
Bradley, ISBN 8799030918.
b. The restoration of the Queen’s/Tivoli Theatre is not an appropriate project for the Memory of the
World Programme. The proposers are advised to approach the Culture Sector of UNESCO for
assistance.
2007-05 – Kuwait
Preservation of the TV Archives
As submitted, the project proposal document is a specification for tenders for the work. The
document is professionally presented and reflects the current approach to video transfers. The target
media listed are, again, the major cause of concern.
The DigiBeta video tape format is becoming obsolete. The “Data Tape” format proposed and its
technical standards are not defined. There are a number of levels of quality available and it is
suspected that a data reduced standard such as MPEG2 at 50Mbits/s may be used. The CD-R and
DVD optical discs are, presumably, to be used as access copies but no mention is made of any
verification process for the new recordings.
The SCoT recommends that the authors of this document review the target media and the transfer
standards in the document before proceeding further with the tender process. For archival purposes, a
transfer that is not data reduced is the ideal. The cost of storage is steadily dropping and a number of
archives have begun to make uncompressed preservation transfers. The steady improvement in
transfer standards should be reflected in this tender specification.
At present there is not a project to be considered for the use of the Memory of the World logo. When
a firm project is in place, the receipt of a new nomination will be welcomed.
64
2007-06 – Nicaragua
El Tren Cultural del 25 Aniversario de la Cruzada Nacional de Alfabetización
This is partly a standard project for the preservation of documents and partly a project to record
video histories. The preservation part does not appear to have any major problems. The video
histories project falls more rightly within the ambit of the Intangible Heritage Programme. The SCoT
is prepared to offer technical advice about the methods and standards for making the recordings if
required.
2007-07 - United States of America
a. Exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington DC.
b. Research activity in the field of ancient medicine/ancient medical books and traditional
knowledge of plants.
c. Some manuscripts may be eligible for the World Memory program.
d. Publications on World Scientific Heritage.
e. Traditional Knowledge.
In general, these five items are not preservation projects. They do, however, form a very rich seam of
documentary heritage in the fields of pharmacology and medicine. The IAC may wish to grant the
use of the Memory of the World logo to some of the items – but not on technical grounds.
More specific comments:
a. To be submitted to the IAC for the use of the logo.
b. As a research project, it is outside the remit of the Memory of the World Programme.
c. This forms the basis for a possible nomination for inclusion on the International Register.
d. This should be submitted to the Science Sector of UNESCO.
e. This is more appropriately with the Intangible Heritage Programme.
2007-08 – Yemen Republic
Preservation of Yemen’s Manuscript Heritage
This project is seeking moral rather than material support. The project is being financed by a wealthy
organisation that can afford good equipment. There are, however, a few technical questions about the
project to be answered. How many documents are to be digitised and stored? How much storage will
be required? Will it be in a RAID array or some other media? What plans exist for the future of the
digitised files? Members of the SCoT will frame a list of questions to be submitted to the nominators
of this project by October. They will also question the quality of the camera to be used.
65
ANNEX E
Outline for Technical Guide to Long Term Storage
I offer the following suggested outline for your consideration. In addition to the basic headings, I
have included some comments on the topics that might be covered within each section. These range
from the blindingly obvious to some rather more subtle ideas that I have gathered over the years.
Preface - setting out importance of the design of the storage facility and its climate control system,
how time spent on the planning can save large sums of cash in the long-term.
Building - position (not in a valley prone to flooding or on a hillside with a risk of avalanches etc),
basic design (ring-doughnut shape with offices and work areas surrounding the store rooms to help
improve insulation from exterior climate or a traditional block), use of local traditional methods,
need for good sealing of structure from exterior, need for good heat insulation (both the last two
points will greatly reduce the energy requirements for the store), control of entry of dust, control of
entry of insects and rodents.
Climate Control System - dangers of having one, large air conditioning system, the use of an
intermediate plenum to receive treated air from several smaller units and then to feed to the various
storage areas, use of hygroscopic wheels to control humidity.
Fail-Safe Design - ways of ensuring that temperature and humidity do not change swiftly if the
electricity supply fails, back-up generators, automatic fire-fighting systems, general disaster
preparedness.
Acclimatisation Chambers - rooms to allow documents to slowly move from the storage conditions
to the access conditions and vice-versa, air-locks for staff.
Recommended Storage Conditions
a. Traditional Documents
i. Manuscripts
ii. Pre- acid paper printed materials
iii. Post-acid paper printed materials
iv. Exotica - palm leaves, wampum beads etc.
b. Still Photographs (and microfilms?)
c. Moving Films
d. Mechanical Audio
e. Magnetic Tapes
f. Mass Produced (pressed) Optical Discs
g. Recordable Optical Discs
h. Electronic Storage (computer) Storage Systems
To also include information about official standards and recommended reading for each group of
documents.
GLB 03VII2005
66
Joint Meeting of the
Sub-Committee on Technology for the
UNESCO Memory of the World Programme,
the Technical Committee of the
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives
and Other Interested Parties
Report of the Meeting Held at
the Franz Mayer Museum in Mexico City
Saturday, September 9th 2006
The Agenda for the Joint Meeting is attached as Annex A.
Participants:
Members of the UNESCO Sub-Committee on Technology for the Memory of the World
Programme (SCoT)
Members of the Technical Committee of the International Association of Sound and Audio
Visual Archives (IASA TC)
Abdelaziz Abid – Senior Programme Officer for the Memory of the World Programme
Pio Pellizzari – IASA Vice-President with responsibility for training.
Apologies for not being able to attend were received from:
Nancy E. Gwinn – Chair IFLA Section on Preservation and Conservation (Smithsonian
Institution Libraries, Washington, USA).
Yola de Lusenet – European Commission on Preservation and Access (Amsterdam, The
Netherlands).
Nolda Romer - Leader of the Priority Area Group for Professional Education and Training of the
International Council of Archives (Netherlands Antilles).
A full list of participants with contact details is given in Annex B.
1. Opening of the Meeting
The Co-Chairmen, Dietrich Schüller (Chair of the UNESCO Sub-Committee on Technology – the
SCoT) and Lars Gaustad (Chair of the Technical Committee of the International Association of
Sound and Audiovisual Archives – the TC) welcomed the participants and thanked them for
attending. They introduced Abdelaziz Abid, Senior Programme Officer, Memory of the World
programme, UNESCO and Pio Pellizzari, IASA Vice-President with responsibility for training. The
other participants then gave a short introduction of themselves and their work.
Dietrich Schüller began the meeting by giving a brief explanation of the aims of the Memory of the
World Programme and the part that the SCoT played in the programme. The Programme was seen by
many as being the Registers of important documentary heritage. This was not the full story. The
principle aims of the Programme were to improve the preservation of and access to the documentary
heritage of the world. The SCoT provided the technical advice and support to these primary aims.
George Boston then explained why this Joint Meeting had been arranged. The main topic was to be
the training of archive and library technical staff. It had become increasingly obvious that there was a
67
major shortfall in training for this group of people. There were a number of schools and colleges
teaching how to conserve and restore books and manuscripts. There were many computing colleges
to teach routine computing skills. There was almost no training for technicians dealing with the
conservation and preservation of non-print documents other than film and no courses to train people
in the use of digital storage systems. Yet at the same time there was a desperate need worldwide for
technicians with these skills. This meeting was to define the needs and to propose ways of meeting
these needs.
The IASA Technical Committee had been invited to join the SCoT as it was the only active technical
group in the specialist AV archive federations. Representatives of IFLA and ICA had been invited
but had been unable to attend. The report of the meeting would, however, be sent to the other NGOs.
2. Training of Archive/Library Technical Staff
Lars Gaustad opened the discussion by saying that as the steady increase in the use of digital and
computer techniques increased there was a parallel increase in the merging of skills between library
and archive staff. Abdelaziz Abid commented that in several countries, notably Canada, the national
library and the national archive were merging. In some cases major museums were also involved in
the combining of institutions. The signs were that this was a continuing trend. Pio Pellizzari said that
the mergers were starting with the traditional archives and libraries and that digitisation was
accelerating the trend. There were problems of organisation and finance to overcome and much
training would be required. IASA was reforming its Training Committee which had been stood down
in the mid-1990s. It was hoped that the other NGOs in the library and archive field would co-operate
with IASA in the work that needed to be done.
Dietrich Schüller gave a brief resume of the IASA position paper on Teaching and Training (see
Annex C). Pio Pellizzari added that there was little training in Europe for audiovisual archivists.
Conferences, seminars and workshops were some help but were not sufficient to fill the need. There
was certainly a need for training manuals of various types but it was essential that hands-on, practical
experience was provided as well. A network of archives prepared to give time to hosting trainees for
a few weeks was required. A trainee should, if resources permit, spend time at several institutions
seeing how different places dealt with similar problems. If the host institutions were prepared to
offer free training, the only cash costs would be for travel and accommodation. The situation in areas
such as Africa and other developing parts of the world needed an examination of their needs before
organising training.
The training of technicians in the new technologies had, in most cases, to be undertaken in parallel
with training in how to prepare historic material for copying and how to use and maintain historic
machinery. These were practical skills that were not easily learnt from books.
68
George Boston reminded the meeting that the needs were not restricted to the audiovisual world. The
archives and libraries holding traditional textual documents, while having access to more schools
teaching conservation and restoration of these materials, were also in need of training in the use of
computer and digital techniques. It was a fact that, once digitised, the problems of maintaining a
digital collection in the computer age were common across all types of repository.
Michel Merten said that it was clear that two types of training were required. The first on how to
handle historic documents and the use of the machines needed to access them. Secondly, to provide
knowledge of the newer digital technologies.
Guy Maréchal commented that we also needed a document to explain to managers and other decision
makers why training of technical staff was essential for the preservation of many of the documents in
archives and libraries. A good technician has an understanding of the original documents that enables
them to be prepared for the digitisation process without harming them. Managers need to have the
same awareness of the needs of the old and the new technologies in order to set the best strategies to
take their collections into the future.
Dietrich Schüller said that Yola de Lusenet of the European Commission for Preservation and
Access had wished to attend this meeting but had sent some comments (see Annex D). She also feels
that there is a need to educate managers and decision makers about the training requirements for
technicians. Albrecht Häfner has written on this subject as well. Junior staff often feel inhibited
about arguing with their seniors about matters such as this. Statements from outside experts are
usually more effective.
Pio Pellizzari added that for many types of historic document, cataloguing and documentation is
based upon the physical entity. Digital copies have different documentation requirements. To
paraphrase one of Yola de Lusenet’s comments, before we can start to teach, we need to find the
teachers.
Michel Merton said that the situation varies across the world. In some countries, things appear to be
going well while in others there are major problems. An investigation into the differences and the
reasons for them may help with the designing of courses. The PRESTO project is likely to lead to defacto guidelines for Europe. The two TAPE sessions in Amsterdam referred to in Yola de Lusenet’s
comments attracted about 120 applicants for a total of 40 places.
Adolf Knoll added that awareness of the problems was a pre-requisite to underpin any training
initiatives.
Fernando Osorio said that similar problems exist in Latin America – particularly for the preservation
of photographic images. Much effort has been put into educating middle and upper management
about the problems that need to be overcome. Seminars and workshops have their place but they are
not a replacement for practical experience. The education of managers was as vital as providing
training for the technicians who do the work.
69
Guy Maréchal reported that a new EU project was being set up. It would look at the exploitation of
collections but primarily at the financial level. One task was to produce a Register of Rights. The
Library of Congress was producing seven modules including one on training. The United Kingdom
had set a series of cultural aims and is now looking at ways and means to achieve them.
Pio Pellizzari said that there had been many initiatives but not at a practical level. Many good policy
papers but little of substance to follow up the ideas. The larger institutions tend to overlook the
requirements of smaller collections.
Michel Merton suggested that IASA should become a participating technical partner in the PRESTO
project to ensure that the outcomes were suitable for the AV archive world. Dietrich Schüller said
that PRESTO was not managed by archivists; it was managed by a group who, originally, had not
been heavily involved with archives. While UNESCO relies heavily on the advice from NGOs in
planning its activities (and much of the authority of UNESCO stems from its willingness to listen to
experts in a field) the EU prefers to listen to lobby groups with a commercial bias.
Albrecht Häfner said that the most urgent training needs were countries in areas such as South-East
Asia, Africa and Latin America – not in Europe and the Western world. Matthew Davies added that
there was a danger that developing countries come to see digitisation as a panacea – a cure for all
their problems – and did not care for the original material. There was a need to produce cheap,
practical solutions to the storage problems of small archives and those in developing countries. The
South-East Asia and pacific Audiovisual Archives Association (SEAPAVA) was trying to further the
work to achieve these aims.
George Boston intervened to say that there had been much discussion of what was wrong and the
generalities of what was required. The debate needed to move on to specific solutions. Pio Pellizzari
asked if IASA could take a lead to move things forward. Lars Gaustad said that the British Library
offered several scholarships to people from overseas. Could this idea be expanded? Albrecht Häfner
added that many countries had cultural ministries. Could UNESCO persuade some of them at least to
support trainees to learn at major collections.
Guy Maréchal said that it should be possible to identify a number of specific topics and to prepare a
text on each subject. This would form a series of modules that could be studied by trainees. Each
module could be prepared by a centre of excellence in that area of work. The modules to be
supplemented by a short, intensive internship – perhaps two weeks – at an archive specialising in the
work.
Abdelaziz Abid said that funding for the printing of training modules and for internships was
potentially possible. UNESCO would not want, however, to make grants to individuals or administer
the scheme in detail. If a proposal was made by an NGO to fund a number of internships and they
undertook the administration of the placements etc. then funding would be more likely.
70
Jonas Palm commented that students from developing countries may require longer than two week
internships. It would depend on the level of knowledge and experience that they possessed before
beginning the practical work. Albrecht Häfner added that an investigation of what knowledge was
missing in each country – or even at the institutional level – was needed before deciding on
placements for trainees. Kevin Bradley agreed that research into the training requirements of each
student was wise. He would also ask them to bring some documents from their institution to form
part of the practical work. Lars Gaustad added that this would give the student more confidence in
handling such documents when they returned home.
Michel Merton said that, as part of the preliminary investigation into the needs of each student, it
was also necessary to check the level of expertise and knowledge that they already had. Fernando
Osorio commented that two weeks intensive work equated to about 120 hours of practical
experience. Dietrich Schüller advised that host institutions should also be prepared to act as a mentor
to students on a continuing basis. It would be wrong to assume that all problems would be solved by
providing a two week long practical course of training. A suggestion was made that the internet and
the web be used to supplement the written word and the internships.
Michel Merton suggested that colleges teaching AV subjects be approached to add some modules
about preservation and digital archiving to their syllabuses. Nadja Walloszkovits added that we
schools to teach digitisation but that their courses should be checked and accredited in some way.
Dietrich Schüller said that the TAPE project was running training courses and writing books on the
theoretical basis of training courses.
Pio Pellizzari asked for a liaison officer to be appointed from the IASA Technical Committee to
work with the new Training Committee. Albrecht Häfner was proposed.
Guy Maréchal said that a small writing group should be formed to begin drafting the outline of the
series of training modules. The initial work should be completed in Mexico to ensure that the
momentum is sustained. Kevin Bradley said that the headings used in TC-04 would offer a number
of ideas for topics.
A writing group was formed consisting of Pio Pellizzari (Convenor), Lars Gaustad, Albrecht Häfner
and Guy Maréchal.
Lars Gaustad summarised the debate by saying that there was a great need for technical training and
that the subject covered a very wide range of skills. It was a big job but there were few people to do
it. The IASA publication TC-04 and its UNESCO successor provided much information to help
maintain digital objects into the future. To achieve real success, however, neither UNESCO or IASA
alone could do the job. It required a commitment from all the library and archive NGOS.
71
3. Debate on Optical Discs - reliability of discs and testers.
Kevin Bradley opened the discussion on this topic by saying that when discussing the use of
recordable optical discs – CD-Rs and DVDs – it was necessary to discuss the total system: the
carrier, the recording machine and the playing machine. Only the carrier – the discs – were subject to
any standard. The machines merely had to be able to burn and replay the discs – there was no
standard for the hardware.
There was much evidence that the reliability of recordable optical discs had steadily reduced since
the formats were introduced. It had been thought that the unreliability could be managed by testing
and re-testing the discs while in storage. This was not, however, to be recommended for most
collections for three reasons. The first was the fact that the discs had proved more unreliable than
first thought. The reduced reliability required a higher frequency of testing. Secondly, the cost of
setting up a meaningful testing system was high in staff costs. Thirdly, suitable testers are expensive.
The earliest discs could only be written at low speeds compared with those currently available. The
ability to write discs quickly depends on having a thin layer of the dye which responds more quickly
to the writing laser beam. A number of tests have shown that discs optimised for a fast writing speed
are also less reliable than those manufactured for use at lower writing speeds. This is most probably
related to the thickness of the dye layer.
Any system that relies on periodically removing a carrier from a shelf, placing it a tester and
recording the results is expensive in labour costs. Although the use of recordable optical discs may
appear cheap to a small archive, to ensure that the information stored is kept useable requires the
establishment of an expensive testing regime thus negating the low cost of making the discs.
Research into the reliability of testers also showed that the use of testers may require considerable
capital resources. For the purposes of the research, the testers were grouped into three categories.
The low end systems – share-ware or cheap software - relied on an internal or external drive to play
the discs. The results were both unpredictable and unrepeatable. No meaningful information could be
gained from any of the low-end testers examined. Many of the problems could be traced to the lack
of a calibrated machine to play the discs. The lack of consistency of the spin and problems with
tracking resulted in completely random results. In addition, not all software used parameters from the
Red Book to test the discs. Many used parameters of their own design and, even if accurate, could
not provide results that could be compared with other systems.
The mid-range systems were better. Some came with drives and others relied on an existing drive to
play the discs. The mid-range tester market is, however, a shrinking one and, of those tested, only
one gave reliable and useful results – the Clover. This came with a calibrated drive and, thus,
overcame a major problem with the low-end test software. This machine still needs regular
calibration against a high-end tester to ensure that the results remain useful. If access to a high-end
tester was not easily and cheaply available, the costs would rise. Without regular calibration of the
drive, it would drift out of tolerance.
72
High-end testers had proved to be very good and reliable but very expensive. They are used by all
the major blank and recorded disc manufacturers to quality check their products. In the archival
world, it is probable that only the largest national collections could only be afford to buy them – and
they would probably decide not to use recordable discs for long-term storage.
Some work had been done to calculate the break-even point beyond which the use of optical discs
became more expensive than the use of a digital mass storage system. The figure was very low. Only
a very small collection would find it cheaper to use optical discs. The only other case where optical
discs may be preferable to using a digital mass storage system is where the electricity supply is very
unreliable and the use of a DMSS is, therefore, difficult.
Michel Merton asked if it was planned to hold talks with manufacturers again in the future. Dietrich
Schüller replied that such talks had not proved to be helpful. The technical people that represented
the companies were quite open about the problems but could not counter the optimistic quotations of
the marketing departments. He re-iterated the point about the lack of standards for the machines.
Jonas Palm commented that the CD and DVD format generally was never intended to be a long-term
storage medium. Kevin Bradley added that the concept of a long-term storage medium was a myth
that ought to be placed next to that of perpetual motion. Greater efforts needed to be made to wean
many managers away from their love of kilometres of shelves full of information carriers and
introduce them to the concepts of digitisation and computer storage.
4. Debate on Digital Magnetic Tape – reliability and cost of currently available drives;
advantages and problems of using magnetic tape as a long-term storage medium.
Nadja Walloszkovits presented a report about the current types of digital tape drives available on the
market and the development of the formats both past and into the future. The key Powerpoint slides
used for her presentation are in Annex E.
Dietrich Schüller reported that he had established contacts with an international IT company that had
developed a software system for testing LTO tapes. At present, the tapes had to be sent to the
company for testing which was not practical. The Phonogrammarchiv and the company was
investigating the possibility of producing a “light” version of the software that is affordable and that
could be supplied with the drives.
Kevin Bradley said that LTO tapes were best used as part of a robotic system and not simply stored
on a shelf in the historic manner. This provided a better management of the data. For security, two
copies of the tape in addition to the one in the robot should be made. One kept near the robot and the
other at a remote location – perhaps in another region of the country - in case of a disaster at the
main site.
Guy Maréchal said that, as a storage principle, equipment and carriers should be multi-sourced. The
use of more than one storage format in parallel protected the data from obsolescence of formats and
equipment. The capacity of data tape formats was too large. The optimum capacity for archives was
probably that of a DVD. Storing too many items on one tape slowed access down and increased the
vulnerability of the data to loss through wear because of too frequent spooling.
Jouni Frilander said that the Life Expectancy for AIT tapes was about five years. Automatic
monitoring software was available for the format.
73
Dietrich Schüller said that the commercial computing centres have had the resources to devise and
implement strategies for managing and maintaining data. The audiovisual needs larger capacities
than the strategies devised for the general computing world can handle efficiently. UNESCO’s main
concern was for the survival of the information held in many hundreds if not thousands of small
collections. In most cases the custodians were unaware of the dangers facing their collections. The
large national collections had the resources to solve their own problems.
Lars Gaustad said that a road-map to the future was required. Methods and strategies for maintaining
small collections needed to be established. In Norway, the National Library provides a hosting
service for small archives whereby the National Library provides storage space within its own
system and supplies working copies to the owners of the data at regular intervals. This provides the
advantages of a large scale store at the same time as meeting the needs of small users.
Dietrich Schüller commented that many developing countries would not use such a system. They
were possessive of their holdings. Michel Merton said that efforts must be made to persuade such
countries that using space in a large store elsewhere was sensible. The copy in the remote store
should be seen as the backup or safety copy while the master copy remained in the country.
5. Future Co-operation Between SCoT and IASA
It was agreed that direct liaison between the SCoT and the IASA Technical Committee should be
established to facilitate the continuation of the work that has been started in Mexico City. Dietrich
Schüller agreed to act as the formal channel of communications between the two bodies.
Jonas Palm said that more effort and resources would be available for the work if the various
organisations co-operated with each other rather than work independently. The SCoT was already
concentrating its efforts on providing texts for the decision-making layers of society in general, of
the various cultural bodies and of the document holding institutes. If the SCoT continued with this
strand of work and IASA concentrated on practical training, more could be achieved. Kevin Bradley
added that the writing of Risks Associated with the Use of Recordable CDs and DVDs as Reliable
Storage Media in Archival Collections - Strategies and Alternatives had shown what could be
achieved by working in partnership.
6. Closure of the Meeting
Dietrich Schüller thanked the participants for attending and the Franz Mayer Museum for providing
the venue. He had found the debate very stimulating and, if the momentum generated here in Mexico
City was maintained, looked forward to a number of positive outcomes. Fernando Osorio and the
organisers of the IASA Conference were also thanked for providing the facilities required for the
morning’s meeting.
GLB 10X2006
74
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Účast na prestižní konference Best in Heritage – pro kulturní
instituce, které byly oceněny za svou práci významnými cenami
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Dubrovnik, Chorvatsko
20. – 24. 09. 2006
Přednesení zvaného referátu, týkajícího se prací, za něž NK získala
světovou cenu UNESCO Jikji v r. 2005
G32
Přednesení zvaného referátu
http://www.thebestinheritage.com/event/programme.php
Referát zejména o výsledcích našich digitalizačních programů a
mezinárodní spolupráci v nich získal zvláštní ocenění (diplom)
programové komise konference; tím se dostalo NK dalšího uznání v oblasti
budování virtuálního badatelského prostředí. Referát je zároveň výsledkem
VZ.
Referáty:
zprávy
Sborník z konference
Knoll, Adolf
Preservation and Access in Service of Researchers and Future Generations.
In: The Best in Heritage [Proceedings of the Conference held in]
Dubrovnik, Croatia, 21 - 23 September 2006 / Editor-in-Chief Tomislav
Šola. Zagreb, European Heritage Association, 2006. 64 pp. 18 - 19 pp.
23.04.2006
75
adresa
Důvod cesty
Adolf Knoll
Účast na mezinárodní konferenci Globalization, Digitization, Access,
and Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Místo – město
Datum (od-do)
Podrobný časový
harmonogram
Cíle cesty
Sofia, Bulharsko
07. – 11. 11. 2006
Dle programu konference – viz níže
G32
Přednesení zvaného referátu autorů Zinaida Manzuch & Adolf Knoll
Building digital access to cultural heritage in Europe: National libraries
in context; řízení sekce o ochraně digitálních dat; účast na konferenci –
referát je částečně výstupem Evropského projektu TEL-ME-MOR a našich
výzkumných a vývojových prací.
http://slim.emporia.edu/globenet/Sofia2006/program.htm
Konference je pořádána pravidelně každé dva roky společně Univerzitou
v Sofii a Emporia State University Kansasu, USA. Jde o známou
konferenci s velkou mezinárodní účastí.
Referát vzbudil zaslouženou pozornost, s řadou účastníků konference byla
projednána možná budoucí spolupráce.
Referáty:
zprávy
Sborník z konference
Referát bude publikován ve sborníku konference pravděpodobně ve 2.
polovině roku 2007
23.11.2006
76
Zdeněk Uhlíř
Vedoucí odd. rukopisů a starých tisků
Důvod cesty
Účast na kongresu „Serving the Information Society –
Libraries in the Digital Age“
Místo – město
Místo – země
Datum (od-do)
Cíle cesty
informace
Mnichov
Německo
07.05.-13.05.2006
Odjezd: 07.05.2006
Konference: 08.-12.05.2006
Návrat: 13.05.2006
--Organizátor + Výzkumný záměr NK ČR G 32 (vlaková
jízdenka)
•
Získání informací o digitalizaci v Bavorské státní
knihovně, Bavorsku a Německu
•
Vyhledávání partnerů
Cíl cesty byl splněn.
Program a seznam účastníků v příloze
--15.05.2006
77
PhDr. Jiří Polišenský
Odbor správy a ochrany fondů NFS, Národní knihovna ČR,
Praha 1, Klementinum 190
Odbor správy a ochrany fondů, vedoucí odboru
Důvod cesty
Návštěva veletrhu CeBIT 2006
Místo – město
Místo – země
Datum (od-do)
Cíle cesty
Hannover
Německo
9. – 10. 3.
9. 3. odjezd v 5.00
návštěva veletrhu 13.00 – 18.00
přejezd do místa ubytování 18.15 – 19.00
10.3. návštěva veletrhu 9.00 – 15.00
návrat do ČR 15.00 – 20.50
Dr.. Ljubka, I. Miláček, ing. Petřík
Seznámení s novými produkty v oblasti tvorby a archivace
digitálních dokumentů:
- získání nejnovějších informací o systémech pro digitální
knihovny (archivaci a zpřístupňování dokumentů), zejména
o systémech DIAS, KOPAL KOLIBRI.
- získání přehledu inovací přístrojů pro skenování
dokumentů (Bookeye, Zeutschel) a přístrojů pro záznam
digitálních dat na mikrofilm (Zeutschel, Staude).
informace
Cílů cesty bylo dosaženo, získané informace budou použity
pro další rozvoj oblasti digitalizace v NK ČR. Byly
navázány nové kontakty s partnery v zahraničí. Při jednání
byla dohodnuta návštěva v Deutsche Nationalbiblithek ve
Frankfurtu n.M.
Během veletrhu byly navštíveny stánky firem: Zeutschel,
ProServ, Minolta, BookEye, společný stánek Deutsche
Bücherei a Niedersächsische Staats und
Universitätsbibliothek a řada dalších stánků firem
nabízejících prostředky pro zálohování a archivaci dat.
Materiály (prospekty) jsou uloženy v OSOF
24. 3. 2006
78

Zpráva ze zahraniční služební cesty Jméno účastníka cesty PhDr

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