TASK 1 - NatTech

Transkript

TASK 1 - NatTech

Název projektu:
Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání
v Moravskoslezském kraji
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Název výstupu:
Výukový materiál
Účel:
Výuka metodou CLIL
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
2. ročník oboru Letecký mechanik
Jazyková úroveň: A2–B1
Autor:
Mgr. Kamila Weintrittová
Seznam témat
1.
Electrically Charged Object ....................................................................... 6
2.
Electric Charge ........................................................................................ 10
3.
Conductors and Insulators ...................................................................... 13
4.
Coulomb´s Law........................................................................................ 17
5.
Electric Field Intensity ............................................................................. 21
6.
Electric Potential ..................................................................................... 25
7.
Capacitor................................................................................................. 29
8.
Voltage.................................................................................................... 34
9.
Electric Current ....................................................................................... 39
10.
Electric Circuit ......................................................................................... 43
11.
Resistance ............................................................................................... 47
12.
Ohm´s Law .............................................................................................. 52
13.
Resistors ................................................................................................. 57
14.
Electrical Work ........................................................................................ 62
15.
Electric Power ......................................................................................... 67
16.
Magnetic Field ........................................................................................ 71
17.
Electromagnetic Induction ...................................................................... 76
18.
Alternating Current ................................................................................. 79
19.
AC Circuits ............................................................................................... 84
20.
AC Circuit Capacity .................................................................................. 89
21.
Three-Phase System ................................................................................ 93
22.
Generators .............................................................................................. 98
23.
Electric Motors...................................................................................... 102
24.
Transformers ........................................................................................ 107
25.
Generating Electricity............................................................................ 111
26.
Safety Rules .......................................................................................... 116
27.
Oscillation ............................................................................................. 120
28.
Oscillation Properties ............................................................................ 124
29.
Pendulum.............................................................................................. 128
30.
Mechanical Waves ................................................................................ 132
31.
Interference .......................................................................................... 137
32.
Review .................................................................................................. 141
33.
Origin and Source of Sound................................................................... 144
34.
Sound Propagation................................................................................ 148
35.
Acoustics ............................................................................................... 152
36.
Practical Use of Acoustics...................................................................... 156
37.
Hearing ................................................................................................. 160
38.
Protection against Harmful effects of Noise .......................................... 164
39.
Summary ............................................................................................... 168
40.
Review .................................................................................................. 172
41.
Light ...................................................................................................... 176
42.
Types of EM Radiation .......................................................................... 179
43.
Reflection of Light ................................................................................. 183
44.
Refraction of Light................................................................................. 187
45.
White Light Dispersion .......................................................................... 191
46.
Interference of light .............................................................................. 196
47.
Mirrors .................................................................................................. 200
48.
Types of Mirrors .................................................................................... 204
49.
Image Formation for Concave Mirror .................................................... 208
50.
Image Formation for Convex Mirror...................................................... 212
51.
Mirror Equation .................................................................................... 216
52.
Lenses ................................................................................................... 220
53.
Types of Lenses ..................................................................................... 224
54.
Convex Lens Image Formation .............................................................. 228
55.
Concave Lens Image Formation ............................................................ 232
56.
Lens Dioptric Power .............................................................................. 236
57.
Lenses Aberrations................................................................................ 240
58.
Eye ........................................................................................................ 244
59.
Eye Defects ........................................................................................... 248
60.
Optical Instruments .............................................................................. 252
61.
Binoculars ............................................................................................. 256
62.
Photometry ........................................................................................... 260
63.
Illumination and Hygiene ...................................................................... 264
64.
Review .................................................................................................. 268
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electrically Charged Object
Účel:
materiál pro výuku metodou CLIL
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Jazyková úroveň: A2-B1
Časová dotace:
část vyučovací hodiny
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Opakování učiva
jazykový –
Activating prior knowledge
Pomůcky:
PC, dataprojektor, interaktivní tabule
WORKSHEET NO. 1
YEAR:
2.
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
TASK 1:
Check your knowledge. Try a simple quiz:
1. An electrically charged object attracts not charged objects.
2. An electrically charged object repels not charged objects.
3. An electrically charged object can either attract or repel a not
charged object.
4. An electrically charged object always attracts charged objects.
5. An electrically charged object can either attract or repel
charged objects.
6. An electrically charged object has to touch an object to have an
interaction.
7. An aurora produces its own electrical currents1
Obrázek 1/ Aurora
2
1
What are the characteristics of electrically charged objects? 2014. Cliff´s Notes [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08].
Dostupné z: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/sciences/what-are-the-characteristics-of-electrically-chargedobjects
2
Aurora. 2005. Https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aurora#/media/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg[online]. [cit. 2015-05-08].
Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aurora#/media/File:Polarlicht_2.jpg
SOLUTION:
1T, 2F, 3T, 4F, 5T, 6T, 7T
An aurora is caused by interactions between charged particles in
solar winds and atoms in the Earth's ionosphere, and shaped by the
Earth's magnetic field.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Always
ˈɔːlweɪz
vždy
Attract
əˈtrækt
přitahovat
Aurora
ɔːˈrɔːrə
polární záře
Charge
tʃɑːdʒ
nabít
Check
tʃek
(pr)ověřit
Earth
ɜːθ
Země
Either ... or
ˈaɪðə/ ˈiːðə … ɔː
buď ... nebo
Electrical current
ɪˈlektrɪkəl ˈkʌrənt
elektrický proud
Interaction
ˌɪntərˈækʃən
vzájemné působení
Ionosphere
ʌɪˈɒnəsfɪə
ionosféra
Knowledge
ˈnɒlɪdʒ
vědomosti, znalosti
Magnetic field
mægˈnetɪk ˈfiːld
magnetické pole
Object
ˈɒbdʒɪkt
předmět, věc
Produce
prəˈdjuːs
vyrobit
Repel
rɪˈpel
odpuzovat
Shape
ʃeɪp
tvarovat, formovat
Touch
tʌtʃ
dotknout se
Try
traɪ
zkusit, vyzkoušet
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Charge
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí poznatků, opakování základních pojmů
jazykový –
Description of an Object
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 2
YEAR:
2
Electric Charge
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Electric Charge
TASK 1:
Fill in the missing words:
Electric charge is represented by the letter …….. Its unit is the
coulomb [C], but this large unit is not normally used, so its fractions
(like micro- coulombs) are more common.
1. The sum of identical positive and negative quantities is…………
2. In any isolated system the net charge remains……………………….
3. Two …………… charges repel3
TASK 2:
Describe the parts of atom and match charge symbols to each part:
Obrázek 2 Atom structure
3
4
Electric charge. Physics.sjsu.edu [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-04]. Dostupné
z:http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/becker/physics51/elec_charge.htm
4
Atom_clipart_violet.svg. Commons wikimedia.org [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-04]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=atom+structure&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go
&uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Common
ˈkɒmən
běžný, obvyklý
Coulomb
ˈkuːlɒm
Electric charge
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈtʃɑːdʒ
coulomb (jednotka
el.náboje)
elektrický náboj
Fill in
fɪl ɪn
vyplnit
Fraction
ˈfrækʃən
podíl, zlomek
Letter
ˈletə
písmeno
Like
laɪk
jako
Missing
ˈmɪsɪŋ
chybějící
Remain
rɪˈmeɪn
zůstat, setrvat
Represent
ˌreprɪˈzent
vyjadřovat
Sum
sʌm
součet
Unit
ˈjuːnɪt
jednotka
Use
juːz
použít, používat
Word
wɜːd
slovo
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Conductors and Insulators
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vodivé vlastnosti různých materiálů
jazykový –
Instructions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 3
YEAR:
2.
3.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Carry a simple experiment to distinguish conductors and insulators.
TASK 1:
Making a Conductor/Insulator Tester
1. Fold a strip of aluminium foil lengthwise until it is no more than
a 1, 5 cm wide.
2. Wrap one end of the foil strip around the base of the bulb and
hold them together with a wooden clothespin.
3. Use some tape to fasten the other end of the battery.
4. If your bulb does not light, try to make changes so that it will.
Conductor/Insulator Test
 Prepare several different objects to test whether they conduct
electricity or act as an insulator.
 Guess which ones will be conductors and which ones will be
insulators.
 Test each of the items using the tester you made. Compare your
results with your predictions.5
5
Conductors and Insulators. 2005. HyperPhysics Conpcepts [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html
TASK 2:
Divide following materials into two categories:
iron, paper, wood, copper, rubber, pencil lead, cotton, plastic, glass,
gold, aluminium, cardboard, dirty water, slate, wool, concrete
CONDUCTORS
INSULATORS
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Aluminium foil
ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm ˈfɔɪl
hliníková fólie
Bulb
bʌlb
žárovka
Cardboard
ˈkɑːdˌbɔːd
lepenka
Carry an experiment
ˈkærɪ æn ɪkˈsperɪmənt
dělat pokus
Clothespin
ˈkləʊðzˌpɪn
kolíček na prádlo
Compare
kəmˈpeə
porovnat
Concrete
ˈkɒnkriːt
beton
Conduct
ˈkɒndʌkt
vést, vodit
Conductor
kənˈdʌktə
vodič
Copper
ˈkɒpə
měď
Distinguish
dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ
odlišit
Divide
dɪˈvaɪd
(roz)dělit
Electricity
ɪlekˈtrɪsɪtɪ
elektřina
Fold
fəʊld
přeložit
Guess
ges
odhadnout, hádat
Insulator
ˈɪnsjʊˌleɪtə
izolátor, nevodič
Item
ˈaɪtəm
věc, předmět
Lengthwise
ˈleŋθˌwaɪz
podélně
Pencil lead
ˈpensəl ˈliːd
tuha tužky
Prediction
prɪˈdɪkʃən
předpověď
Prepare
prɪˈpeə
připravit
Slate
sleɪt
břidlice
Strip
strɪp
pruh
Tape
teɪp
páska
Wrap
ræp
zabalit, omotat
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Coulomb´s Law
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Zobecnění a vysvětlení fyzikálního zákona
jazykový –
Using specific vocabulary, drilling pronunciation
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 4
YEAR:
2.
Coulomb´s Law
4.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Coulomb´s Law
 describes and measures the electrostatic interaction between
electrically charged particles
 the electrical force between two objects is proportional to the
magnitude of each charge and inversely proportional to square
of the separation between their centres
 its formula is usually written in this form:
𝑭=𝒌
𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐
𝒓𝟐
TASK 1:
What does each letter from formula above stand for?
TASK 2:
The formula for Coulomb´s law is very similar to another physical law.
Can you find out to which one?
TASK 3
Explain the connection between the resulting force and a) the
amount of charge, b) the distance of the particle6
SOLUTION:
6
Coulomb´s Law - The law of force. 1999. RegentsPrep.org [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:
http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/physics/phys03/acoulomb/default.htm
TASK 1:
q – quantity of charge, r – distance between two objects, k –
Coulomb´s law constant, F – force
TASK 2:
It´s similar to Newton´s law
TASK 3:
Students´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Constant
ˈkɒnstənt
konstanta
Coulomb’s Law
ˈkuːlɒmz ˈlɔː
Coulombův zákon
Describe
dɪˈskraɪb
popsat
Distance
ˈdɪstəns
vzdálenost
Electrical force
ɪˈlektrɪkəl fɔːs
elektrická síla
Electrically charged
particles
ɪˈlektrɪkəlɪ ˈtʃɑːdʒd
ˈpɑːtɪkəls
elektricky nabité částice
Electrostatic
ɪˌlɛktrəˈstatɪk
elektrostatický
Formula
ˈfɔːmjʊlə
vzorec
Charge
tʃɑːdʒ
náboj
Inversely
ɪnˈvɜːslɪ
nepřímo
Magnitude
ˈmægnɪˌtjuːd
velikost
Measure
ˈmeʒə
měřit
Object
ˈɒbdʒɪkt
předmět
Particle
ˈpɑːtɪkəl
částice
Physical law
ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈlɔː
fyzikální zákon
Proportional
prəˈpɔːʃənəl
úměrný
Summary
ˈsʌmərɪ
shrnutí
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Field Intensity
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Působení sil v elektrickém poli
jazykový –
Applying prior knowledge to analyse the findings
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 5
YEAR:
2.
5.
SUBJECT:
Physics
All charged objects create an electric field that extends outward into
the space that surrounds it. The charge alters that space, causing any
other charged object that enters the space to be affected by this
field. 7
TASK 1:
Try a simple experiment:
1. Hold a charged plastic tube above bits of paper on a lab bench.
2. Don´t allow a physical contact between the tube and the paper
bits.
3. Observe what will happen.
4. Analyse your findings.
5. Give other examples of the action-at-the-distance forces.
TASK 2:
 How the strength of EF can be measured?
 Give the formula for calculation and the units
 Is it a vector or scalar quantity?
SOLUTION:
7
Electric Field Intensity. The Physics Clasroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-31]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-4/Electric-Field-Intensity
TASK 1:
Ss´ own findings
TASK 2:
EF intensity is a force on a unit positive change placed at that point in
the field, its formula is: E= F/(q ), the unit is N/C, it is used to
measure the strength of EF, it is a vector quantity.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Affect
əˈfekt
ovlivnit
Allow
əˈlaʊ
dovolit
Alter
ˈɔːltə
pozměnit
Analyse (AmE analyze)
ˈænəˌlaɪz
analyzovat, rozebrat
Calculation
ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən
výpočet
Electric field intensity
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈfiːld ɪnˈtensɪtɪ
intenzita el. pole
Extend
ɪkˈstend
zasahovat, sahat
Findings
ˈfaɪndɪŋz
zjištění, nález(y)
Lab (laboratory)
Læb (ləˈbɒrətərɪ /trɪ)
laboratoř
Measure
ˈmeʒə
měřit
Observe
əbˈzɜːv
pozorovat, všimnout si
Outwards
ˈaʊtwədz
(směrem) ven
Scalar quantity
ˈskeɪlə ˈkwɒntɪtɪ
skalární (fyzikální) veličina
Space
speɪs
prostor
Strength
streŋθ
síla
Surround
səˈraʊnd
obklopovat
Tube
tjuːb
trubka, trubička
Vector quantity
ˈvektə ˈkwɒntɪtɪ
vektorová (fyzikální)
veličina
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Potential
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a procvičení učiva
jazykový –
Revision of basic terms, units, symbols
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 6
YEAR:
2.
Electric Potential
6.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Electric Potential
The work required to transfer a unit positive electric charge from an
infinite distance to a given point against an electric field.
TASK 1:
Fill in the missing words:
 its unit is .....................
 its symbol is.......................
 it is described by the formula............................
TASK 2:
Decide if the statements are true or false:
1. Electric potential is also called electrical potential energy.
2. Electrical potential energy does not change depending on the
amount of charge.
3. Electron volt is not a smaller unit for volts.
4. Voltage expresses the electric potential difference between two
points.
5. It may represent lost or stored energy. 8
8
Electrical Energy and Electric Potential. 1999. Regentsprep.org [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/apotdif/
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
1F, 2F, 3T, 4T, 5T
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Against
əˈgeɪnst / əˈgenst
na, proti
Amount
əˈmaʊnt
množství
Decide
dɪˈsaɪd
rozhodnout
Depend on
dɪˈpend ˈɒn
záviset na, záležet na
Difference
ˈdɪfərəns / ˈdɪfrəns
rozdíl
Electric potential
ɪˈlektrɪk pəˈtenʃəl
el. potenciál
Electron volt (electronvolt) ɪˈlektrɒnvəʊlt
elektronvolt
Express
ɪkˈspres
vyjádřit
Infinite
ˈɪnfɪnɪt
nekonečný
Point
pɔɪnt
bod, místo
Represent
ˌreprɪˈzent
představovat
Require
rɪˈkwaɪə
vyžadovat
Statement
ˈsteɪtmənt
výrok
Transfer
trænsˈfɜː
převést
Unit
ˈjuːnɪt
jednotka
Voltage
ˈvəʊltɪdʒ
napětí
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Capacitor
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Kondenzátory a jejich použití
jazykový –
Reading – filling in, matching
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 7
Capacitor
7.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Capacitor
Capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to
store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary
widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates)
separated by a dielectric (i.e. insulator).
TASK 1:
Complete the text
An ideal capacitor is characterized by a constant capacitance 1)......,
defined as the ratio of 2).......... on each conductor to the 3)...........
between them. The SI unit of capacitance is the 4)……….. which is
equal to one 5)............ per 6).......... . Its formula is............... 9
TASK 2:
Can you explain how capacitors work?
9
An Introduction to Capacitors.
2006.Http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/LC/Capac1.htm [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09].
Dostupné z: http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/LC/Capac1.htm
TASK 3:
Here are some types of capacitors, match them to the way they are
used for:
1. Air
2.
Mylar
3.
Glass
4.
Ceramic
5.
Super capacitor
a)
Used for timer circuits (clocks, alarms)
b)
To power electric cars.
c)
Used for high voltage applications.
d)
Used in radio tuning circuits
e)
For high frequency purposes (antennas, X-ray)10
10
How Capacitors work. 2015. Howstuffworks [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/capacitor.htm
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) C, 2) charge, 3) voltage, 4) farad, 5) coulomb, 6) volt, 7) C = dQ/dV
TASK 3:
 Air - Often used in radio tuning circuits
 Mylar - Most commonly used for timer circuits like clocks,
alarms and counters
 Glass - Good for high voltage applications
 Ceramic - Used for high frequency purposes like antennas, X-ray
and MRI machines
 Super capacitor - Powers electric and hybrid cars
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Capacitance
kəˈpasɪt(ə)ns
kapacitní odpor
Circuit
ˈsɜːkɪt
obvod
Component
kəmˈpəʊnənt
součástka
Condenser/ capacitor
kənˈdensə/ kəˈpæsɪtə
kondenzátor
Contain
kənˈteɪn
obsahovat
Dielectric
ˌdʌɪɪˈlektrɪk
nevodič
Equal
ˈiːkwəl
stejný, rovný, rovnající se
High voltage
ˈhaɪ ˈvəʊltɪdʒ
vysoké napětí
Insulator
ˈɪnsjʊˌleɪtə
izolátor
Mylar
ˈmʌɪlɑː
mylar
Power
ˈpaʊə
pohánět, napájet
Ratio
ˈreɪʃɪˌəʊ
podíl
Separate
ˈsepəˌreɪt
oddělit
SI unit
esˈʌɪ ˈjuːnɪt
jednotka si soustavy
Store
stɔː
skladovat, uchovat
Two-terminal
tuːˈtɜːmɪnəl
se dvěma koncovkami
Vary
ˈveərɪ
lišit se, různit se
Widely
ˈwaɪdlɪ
velmi, široce
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Voltage
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vysoké napětí, ochrana proti zásahu el. proudem
jazykový –
Looking information up in a data source
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 8
Voltage
8.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Voltage
TASK 1:
Complete the text:
Voltage is the electric potential 1)............. between two points, or the
difference in electric 2)............. energy of a 3)................ transported
between two points.
Do you know what the typical voltages for some devices are?





flashlight batteries 4)......... volts (DC)
automobile batteries 5)......... volts (DC)
voltage supplied to consumers 6).................. volts (AC)
electric power transmission lines 7)................... kV (AC)
overhead lines 8).....………………...................... kV (AC).
TASK 2:
Answer the questions:
1. What other terms do we use instead of voltage?
2. What instruments do we use to measure voltage?
3. Does the electric potential mean the same as electric potential
energy?
4. What warning signs are used for high voltage hazard? 11
11
Voltage. 2015. Wikipedia, the free encyklopedia [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage
TASK 3:
Go to
http://www.healthy.net/Health/Article/First_Aid_for_Electric_Shock/
1490
Find out:
 What are the causes and symptoms of electric shock?
 What is the First aid for electric shock?
 How can you avoid being harmed by lightning?12
12
Emergency&First Aid:Electric shock. 2005. Healthy.net [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://www.healthy.net/Health/Article/First_Aid_for_Electric_Shock/1490
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) difference, 2) potential, 3) unit charge, 4) 1,5V, 5) 12V, 6) 110 120V, 220-240V, 7) 110-1200kV, 8) 12-50kV
TASK 2:
1. electrical potential difference, electrical tension or electrical
pressure
2. voltmeter, potentiometer, oscilloscope
3. NO
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
AC (alternating current)
eɪˈsiː (ˈɔːltəneɪtɪŋ ˈkʌrənt)
střídavý proud
Avoid
əˈvɔɪd
předejít
Consumer
kənˈsjuːmə
spotřebitel
DC (direct current)
ˌdiːˈsiː (daɪˈrekt ˈkʌrənt)
stejnosměrný proud
Device
dɪˈvaɪs
přístroj, zařízení,
součástka
Electric shock
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈʃɒk
rána proudem
Electrical tension/
pressure
ɪˈlektrɪkəl ˈtenʃən/ ˈpreʃə
el. napětí
First aid
ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd
první pomoc
Flashlight (BrE torch)
ˈflæʃˌlaɪt (tɔːtʃ)
baterka, kapesní svítilna
Harmed
hɑːmd
poškozený, zraněný
Hazard
ˈhæzəd
nebezpečí, riziko
Instrument
ˈɪnstrəmənt
přístroj
Lightning
ˈlaɪtnɪŋ
blesk(y)
Oscilloscope
əˈsɪləskəʊp
osciloskop
Overhead lines
ˈəʊvəˌhed ˈlaɪnz
trolejové vedení
Potentiometer
pə(ʊ)ˌtenʃɪˈɒmɪtə
potenciometr
Power transmission line
ˈpaʊə trænzˈmɪʃən ˈlaɪn
elektrovod
Supplied
səˈplaɪd
dodávaný
Transported
ˈtrænsˌpɔːtɪd
dopravený, přepravený
Voltmeter
ˈvəʊltmiːtə
voltmetr
Warning sign
ˈwɔːnɪŋ ˈsaɪn
výstražná značka, varovná
cedule
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Current
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a opakování učiva
jazykový –
Plural expressions with singular verbs in calculations
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 9
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Electric Current
9.
Electric Current
TASK 1:
Check your understanding:
1. What is the current in a 60.0 Ω resistor when the potential
difference across it is 120.0 V?
2. A lightbulb with a resistance of 10.0 Ω allows a 1.20 A current to
flow when connected to a battery. What is the voltage of the
battery?13
TASK 2:
 What does this symbol stand for?
 What do we use this device for? Explain how it works.
Obrázek 3/Electric Circuit Symbol
14
13
Physical Science/ Exercises. Online Learning Center [online]. 2002 [cit. 2015-05-30]. Dostupné z:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072414944/student_view0/chapter7/exercises.html#
14
Ammeter.png. 2009. Category:Ammeter symbols [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ammeter_symbols
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) 2.0 A, 2) 12.0 V
TASK 2:
1) ammeter, it´s used to measure el. current in a circuit
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Ammeter
ˈamɪtə
ampérmetr
Connected
kəˈnektɪd
napojený, spojený
Flow
fləʊ
proudit, téct
Lightbulb
ˈlɑɪtˌbʌlb
žárovka
Resistance
rɪˈzɪstəns
odpor
Resistor
rɪˈzɪstə
rezistor
Stand for (pt&pp stood)
ˈstænd ˈfɔː
znamenat, značit
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Circuit
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Seznámení se základními komponenty elektrického obvodu
jazykový –
Describing different parts of electrical circuit
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 10
SUBJECT:
Physics
Electric Circuit
10. Electric Circuit
TASK 1:
What do these symbols stand for?
Obrázek 4/ Electric Circuit Symbols
15
TASK 2:
Draw the symbols for following electric circuit parts:
switch, cell, diode, resistor, transformer
(here you can check your answers to both tasks and find further examples of other symbols
http://ibphysicsstuff.wikidot.com/electric-circuits)16
TASK 3:
What is the difference between series and parallel circuit?
15
Electric Circuit Symbols. 2015. WikimediaCommons [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset=0&profile=default&search=elec
tric+circuit+symbols&uselang=cs
16
Electric Circuits. 2015. IB Physics Stuff [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://ibphysicsstuff.wikidot.com/electric-circuits
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Power, battery, capacitor, hall effect sensor
TASK 2, 3:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Battery
ˈbætərɪ
baterie
Capacitor
kəˈpæsɪtə
kondenzátor
Cell
sel
el. článek
Diode
ˈdʌɪəʊd
dioda
Draw (pt drew, pp drawn)
drɔː
(na)kreslit
Electric circuit
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈsɜːkɪt
el. obvod
Hall effect sensor
hɔːl ɪˈfekt ˈsensə
Hallova
sonda/článek/senzor
Parallel circuit
ˈpærəˌlel ˈsɜːkɪt
paralelní obvod
Power supply
ˈpaʊə səˈplaɪ
zdroj napájení
Resistor
rɪˈzɪstə
rezistor
Series circuit
ˈsɪəriːz/-rɪz ˈsɜːkɪt
sériový obvod
Switch
swɪtʃ
vypínač, spínač
Transformer
trænsˈfɔːmə
transformátor
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Resistance
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace probraného učiva
jazykový –
Zero conditional
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 11
Resistance
SUBJECT:
Physics
11. Resistance
Resistance measures how the device or material reduces the electric
current flow through it. Imagine the water flow in pipe: the
resistance is ...........1) when the pipe is ...........2), so the water flow
decreases.
THINK!
How will the resistance change when the pipe is longer/wider?
The resistance of a conductor is represented by the formula:
Where
R is....................... in...................3)
ρ is........................in...................4)
l is.........................in...................5)
A is........................in...................6)
TASK 1:
Fill in the missing explanation or words:
the cross sectional area of the conductor, bigger, ohm, square
meters, the resistivity, the length of the conductor, meter, thinner,
the resistance, ohm-meters
TASK 2:
Are the sentences true or false?
1. The SI unit of electrical resistance is Siemens.
2. Superconductors have a resistance of zero.
3. The resistance/conductance is constant for a wide variety of
materials.
4. Substances in which electricity can flow are called resistors.
5. Resistance is measured with ammeter. 17
17
Resistance. 2015. The Physics Classroom [online]. [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Resistance
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
When the pipe is longer, the resistance is higher, when the pipe is
wider, the resistance is lower.
1) bigger, 2) thinner, 3) resistance/ohm, 4) electrical resistivity/ohmmeters, 5) the length of conductor/meter, 6) the cross sectional
area/square meters
TASK 2:
1F, 2T, 3T, 4F, 5F
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Conductance
kənˈdʌkt(ə)ns
vodivost
Constant
ˈkɒnstənt
konstantní, neměnný
Cross section
krɒs ˈsekʃən
průřez
Decrease
dɪˈkriːs
klesat
Flow
fləʊ
tok
Length
leŋθ
délka
Ohm
əʊm
ohm
Pipe
paɪp
trubka, potrubí
Reduce
rɪˈdjuːs
snížit
Resistance
rɪˈzɪstəns
odpor
Resistivity
ˌrɪzɪˈstɪvɪti
měrný el. odpor
(rezistivita)
Substance
ˈsʌbstəns
hmota, látka
Thin (-nner, -nnest)
θɪn
úzký, tenký
Through
θruː
skrz, přes
Variety
vəˈraɪɪtɪ
rozmanitost, široká paleta
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Ohm´s Law
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Transformace a aplikace zákona
jazykový –
Enhancing participations in debates
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 12
SUBJECT:
Physics
Ohm´s Law
12. Ohm´s Law
Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current
in an ideal conductor: the potential difference (voltage) across an
ideal conductor is 1)................. to the current through it. The direction
of the voltage across a resistor is always 2)............. to the flow of
current through the resistor.
TASK 1:
Complete the text with the correct words.
TASK 2:
Obrázek 5/ Ohm´s Law
18
Work with your partner: Use the triangle above to derive the three
forms of Ohm´s Law.
TASK 3:
Check your understanding and do the exercise below. With your
partner try to estimate the results.
18
File:Ohm's law triangle.svg. 2015. Wikimedia commons [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Ohm%C2%B4s+law&title=Special%3ASearch&g
o=Go&uselang=cs
1. Find the current flowing through a 6.8 Ω resistor if the applied
voltage is 1.36 V.
2. Calculate the resistance of a resistor if a current of 1.5 A flows
when the applied voltage is 60 V.19
19
Ohm´s Law. 2015. Electronics&Micros [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z: http://www.electronicsmicros.com/electrical/ohms-law/
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Missing words: 1) proportional, 2) opposite
TASK 2:
You can use the triangle method to visually transpose any equation
with this same general form: cover the variable on the left of the
equals sign. The arrangement of the remaining two variables gives
the right-hand side.
TASK 3:
I=V/ R 1.36 /6.8 = 0.2 A
R=V/I 60 / 1.5 = 40 Ω
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Apply
əˈplaɪ
použít, uplatnit
Below
bɪˈləʊ
níže
Calculate
ˈkælkjʊˌleɪt
(vy)počítat
Deal with sth
ˈdiːl ˈwɪθ
zabývat se něčím
Derive
dɪˈraɪv
získat, odvodit
Difference
ˈdɪfrəns
rozdíl
Direction
daɪ-/dɪˈrekʃən
směr
Equation
ɪˈkweɪʒən/ ɪˈkweɪʃən
rovnice
Estimate
ˈestɪˌmeɪt
odhadnout
Ohm’s Law
ˈəʊmz ˈlɔː
Ohmův zákon
Opposite
ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt
opačný
Proportional
prəˈpɔːʃənəl
úměrný
Relationship
rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp
vztah
Triangle
ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl
trojúhelník
Variable
ˈveərɪəbəl
proměnná
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Resistors
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rezistory a jejich funkce
jazykový –
Revision of indirect questions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 13
SUBJECT:
Physics
Resistors
13. Resistors
THINK!
Activate your knowledge and try to tell what the resistors are and
what they are used for.
TASK 1:
Do you know what the colour code is used for and what its function
is?
Obrázek 6/ 4-Band Resistor
20
TASK 2:
Complete the following text with the word given:
Ohm´s law, the same, the sum, equal, potential difference
 The total resistance of resistors in series is 1)............ to the sum
of their individual resistances.
 In a series circuit the current is 2)................ for all elements
20
4- Band Resistor.svg. 2014. Category: Electronic colour code [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronic_color_code
 If two or more components are connected in parallel they have
the same 3)............................... across their ends.
 The total current is
4)
................ of the currents through the
individual components.
 The current in each individual resistor is found by
5)
..........................
TASK 3:
Do you know how to find the total resistance of all components? 21
.
21
What is Resistor? 2015. RapidTables [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
http://www.rapidtables.com/electric/resistor.htm
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Resistors create specified values of current and voltage in a circuit.
Colours are used to identify resistors´ value and function.
TASK 2:
1) equal, 2) the same, 3) potential difference/voltage, 4) the sum, 5)
Ohm´s law
TASK 3:
Add the reciprocals of the resistances of each component and take
the reciprocal of the sum. Total resistance will always be less than the
value of the smallest resistance.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Add
æd
sečíst
Band
bænd
proužek
Create
kriːˈeɪt
vytvořit
Elements
ˈelɪmənt
součást (celku)
Identify
aɪˈdentɪˌfaɪ
rozpoznat
Multiplier
ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪə
desítkový násobitel
Reciprocal
rɪˈsɪprəkəl
převrácená hodnota
Specified
ˈspesɪˌfaɪd
daný, stanovený
Tolerance
ˈtɒlərəns
tolerance
Total
ˈtəʊtəl
celkový
Value
ˈvæljuː
hodnota
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electrical Work
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Příklady na výpočet elektrické práce
jazykový –
Passive voice revision
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 14
YEAR:
2.
Electrical Work
SUBJECT:
Physics
14. Electrical Work
TASK 1:
Decide if the statements are true or false.
1. Electrical work is the work done on a charged particle by an
electric field.
2. Work done by a static electric field depends on the path taken
by the charge.
3. There is no change in the voltage (electric potential).
4. Work done on the positive charge decreases the energy of that
charge.
5. Whenever work is done energy changes form.
6. Work or energy can be measured in Watts.
TASK 2:
Check your understanding:
 An electric motor ran for 2 minutes at a setting of 18 volts,
drawing a current of 4.5 amps. How much work was done in
joules?
 It takes 10,000 J of energy to charge a battery from 0 to 12
volts. Using a one amp charging current, how long does it take
to charge the battery? 22
22
Electrical Work. 2014. Charter.net [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
http://webpages.charter.net/griche/pt/u2s3prb.htm
Electrical Energy and Electrical potential. 1999. Regentsprep.org [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné
z: http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/apotdif/
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1T, 2F, 3T, 4F, 5T, 6F
TASK 2:
Use the formulas W= q*V q = I*t to solve the tasks.
1. q = I*t =4.5A*120s=540C W= V*q = 18V*540C =9756J
2. t = W/I*V = 10 000J/12V*1A = 833s
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amp
æmp
ampér
Decrease
dɪˈkriːs
snižovat
Draw from (pt drew, pp
ˈdrɔː ˈfrɒm
drawn)
čerpat, brát
Electric motor
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈməʊtə
elektromotor
Electric work
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈwɜːk
elektrická práce
Joule
dʒuːl
joule (jednotka)
Path
pɑːθ
dráha
Static
ˈstætɪk
neměnný, statický
Volt
vəʊlt
volt
Watt
wɒt
watt
Whenever
wenˈevə
kdykoli
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Power
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Výpočet a měření elektrické síly
jazykový –
Possibilities: can and enable
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 15
SUBJECT:
Physics
Electric Power
15. Electric Power
Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an
electric circuit. It can be described by
Electric Power Formulas: P = V I or P = R I2 or
P = V2/ R 23
TASK 1:
Explain how you can get derivation of the basic formula.
TASK 2:
What do the letters above stand for, give the symbol and unit as well
TASK 3:
Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions:
What is the name of the device?
What does it enable you to do?
Which is the best feature?
How does it work?
Where can you use it?
Obrázek 7/ Electronic Device
24
23
What is Electric Power? 2014. RapidTables [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
http://www.rapidtables.com/electric/electric_power.htm
24
Wattmeter geraet.jpg. 2015. Wikimedia commons [online]. [cit. 2015-05-10]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=wattmeter&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Basic
ˈbeɪsɪk
základní
Electric power
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈpaʊə
elektrická energie/ výkon
Enable
ɪnˈeɪbəl
umožnit
Feature
ˈfiːtʃə
znak, rys
Imply
ɪmˈplaɪ
naznačovat
Rate
reɪt
míra
Supply
səˈplaɪ
dodávat
Verify
ˈverɪˌfaɪ
ověřit, potvrdit
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Magnetic Field
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Základní charakteristika magnetického pole
jazykový –
Comparing different aspects
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 16
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Magnetic Field
16. Magnetic Field
Obrázek 8/ Field Diagrams
25
TASK 1:
Describe the diagrams above comparing different aspects of each
one.
TASK 2:
Complete the text with the words given.
magnetic
25
Vlastní tvorba
south 2x
stronger
force
lines
region
 A magnetic field is a …………where a …………is exerted on
……materials.
 Magnetic fields can be represented by field………………..
 They go from north to…………………..
 The closer together they are, the ………………the field.
 The geographic North Pole is a magnetic …………… pole. 26
THINK!
Why the Earth acts as a magnetic field? What is an effect of it?
26
Magnetic Concepts. HyperPhysics [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-31]. Dostupné z:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magcon.html#c1
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
region, force, magnetic, lines, south, stronger, south
THINK!
The Earth has a huge magnetic field. Because the core of our planet is
filled with molten iron (Fe), there is a large field that protects the
Earth from space radiation and particles such as the solar wind.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Above
əˈbʌv
výše
Close
kləʊz
blízko
Core
kɔː
jádro
Diagram
ˈdaɪəˌgræm
schéma, nákres
Effect
ɪˈfekt
účinek, dopad
Exert
ɪgˈzɜːt
vyvíjet
Lines
laɪnz
siločáry
Magnetic field
mægˈnetɪk ˈfiːld
magnetické pole
Molten iron
ˈməʊltən ˈaɪən
roztavené železo
North
nɔːθ
sever
North Pole
ˈnɔːθ ˈpəʊl
severní pól
Radiation
ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən
záření
Region
ˈriːdʒən
oblast
South
saʊθ
jih
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electromagnetic induction
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata elektromagnetická indukce
jazykový –
Past simple for process description
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 17
YEAR:
2.
Electromagnetic Induction
SUBJECT:
Physics
17. Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday discovered that a voltage would be generated across a
length of wire if that wire was exposed to a perpendicular magnetic
field flux of changing intensity. 27
Watch the video and then do the tasks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKXw2OjuPpY
TASK 1:
Describe the experiment that you watched.
TASK 2:
Answer the questions.
How was the amount of voltage increased?
What is electromagnetic induction used for?
Can you guess what an inductor could be?
TASK 3:
What devices take advantage of electromagnetic induction?
27
Electromagnetic Induction. All about circuits [online]. 2005 [cit. 2015-05-31]. Dostupné z:
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_14/5.html
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Discover
dɪˈskʌvə
objevit, zjistit
Electromagnetic
ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk
electromagnetický
Expose
ɪkˈspəʊz
vystavit (vlivu)
Flux
flʌks
tok, proudění
Generate
ˈdʒenəˌreɪt
vyvolat, generovat
Induction
ɪnˈdʌkʃən
indukce
Perpendicular
ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə
kolmý
Wire
waɪə
drát
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Alternating Current
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rozdíl mezi střídavým a stejnosměrným proudem
jazykový –
Sentence structure
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 18
Alternating Current
SUBJECT:
Physics
18. Alternating Current
TASK 1:
Match the beginnings of the sentences to the correct endings.
1. In direct current the electric charge only ……………………..
2. Electric charge in alternating current ……………………………
3. The frequency of repetition of this ……………………………….
4. AC is created …………………………………………………………………
5. Then it is delivered to our homes and businesses ………...
6. DC is the kind of electricity made …………………………………..
7. It can be also generated …………………………………………………
8. In some cases AC holds …………………………………………………..
a) changes direction periodically.
b) by rubbing certain types of materials against each other.
c) by generators in power plants
d) flows in one direction.
e) by the power lines.
f) current is 60 Hertz.
g) no practical advantage over DC.
h) by a battery.28
TASK 2:
Give some examples of AC and DC applications.
28
Alternating Current vs Direct Current. Sparkfun [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-31]. Dostupné z:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/alternating-current-ac-vs-direct-current-dc
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1d, 2a, 3f, 4c, 5e, 6h, 7b, 8g
TASK 2:
Home and office outlets are almost always AC. AC is also capable of
powering electric motors. It is useful for many large appliances like
dishwashers, refrigerators. Everything that runs off of a battery, plugs
in to the wall with an AC adapter, or uses a USB cable for power relies
on DC.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Alternate
ˈɔːltəˌneɪt
střídat (se)
Appliance
əˈplaɪəns
spotřebič
Application
ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən
využití, uplatnění
Delivered
dɪˈlɪvəd
dodávaný
Dishwasher
ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃə
myčka
Frequency
ˈfriːkwənsɪ
frekvence, kmitočet
Generator
ˈdʒenəˌreɪtə
generátor
Periodically
ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪkəlɪ
pravidelně, periodicky
Plug in
plʌg ɪn
připojit, zapojit
Power line
ˈpaʊə ˈlaɪn
elektrické vedení
Power plant
ˈpaʊə ˈplɑːnt
elektrárna
Refrigerator
rɪˈfrɪdʒəˌreɪtə
lednička
Rely on
rɪˈlaɪ ˈɒn
záviset na
Repetition
ˌrepɪˈtɪʃən
opakování
Rub
rʌb
třít
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
AC Circuits
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Obvody střídavého proudu
jazykový –
Making flow chart expressing process
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 19
AC Circuits
SUBJECT:
Physics
19. AC Circuits
TASK 1:
Make the flow chart, putting these boxes into the correct order.
How does the solar power system work?
A) the solar panel
converts the Sun´s
energy into an
electric current
D) then it can flow to
the lamps or into the
battery
B) the battery
stores
the
electricity
C) the current
flows to the
controller
E) the current
flow from
battery to
lamps through
controller
can
the
the
the
TASK 2:
Identify the equipment from the description. Use the words in the
box, there are two extra words.
cable solar panel thermostat battery fan router starter motor
1. This device stores electricity. When it is flat, you recharge it.
2. This equipment can connect two or more computers to one
modem.
3. This device controls the temperature in a cooling system.
4. This device converts Sun´s energy into heat or electricity.
5. This machine starts the engine of the car.29
29
Technical English 1 course book. England: Pearson Longman, 2010. ISBN 13:987-1-4058-4545-8.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
A, C, D, B, E
TASK 2:
1) battery, 2) router, 3) thermostat, 4) solar panel, 5) starter
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Cable
ˈkeɪbəl
kabel
Controller
kənˈtrəʊlə
ovladač, regulátor
Convert
kənˈvɜːt
přeměnit
Cooling system
ˈkuːlɪŋ ˈsɪstəm
chlazení
Engine
ˈendʒɪn
motor
Equipment
ɪˈkwɪpmənt
zařízení
Fan
fæn
ventilátor
Flat
flæt
vybitý (baterie)
Flow chart
ˈfləʊtʃɑːt
vývojový diagram
Heat
hiːt
teplo
Order
ˈɔːdə
pořadí, posloupnost
Recharge
ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ
dobít (baterii)
Solar panel
ˈsəʊlə ˈpænəl
solární panel
Starter
ˈstɑːtə
starter, spouštěč
Thermostat
ˈθɜːməˌstæt
termostat
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
AC Circuit Capacity
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva
jazykový –
Activating special vocabulary
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 20
AC Circuit Capacity
SUBJECT:
Physics
20. AC Circuit Capacity
TASK 1:
Describe the different types of AC circuits:
 series, parallel, with resistor/ capacitor/ inductor
TASK 2:
Choose the correct answer.
1. Circuits in which current is proportional to voltage are called
linear circuits. YES/NO
2. Resistance does not depend on frequency. YES/NO
3. Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current. YES/NO
4. Impedance is the special case of resistance. YEA/NO
5. IF the voltage and current are not out of phase by 90°, the ratio
of voltage to current is called the reactance. YES/NO
6. The difference between reactance and resistance is that the
reactance is frequency dependent. YES/NO
TASK 3:
Explain the terms resistance, impedance, reactance.30
30
AC circuits. Physclips [online]. 2005 [cit. 2015-06-02]. Dostupné z:
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au//jw/AC.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1, 3:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
1)YES, 2)YES, 3)YES, 4)NO, 5)NO, 6)YES
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
AC circuit capacity
ˈeɪsiː ˈsɜːkɪt kəˈpæsɪtɪ
výkon v obvodu střídavého
proudu
Capacitance
kəˈpasɪt(ə)ns
kapacitní odpor
Capacity
kəˈpæsɪtɪ
výkon
Dependent
dɪˈpendənt
závislý, podmíněný
Different
ˈdɪf(ə)rənt
rozdílný, různý
Impedance
ɪmˈpiːd(ə)ns
odpor
Inductance
ɪnˈdʌkt(ə)ns
indukční odpor
Inductor
ɪnˈdʌktə
induktor
Reactance
rɪˈakt(ə)ns
reaktance
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Three-Phase System
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Popis trojfázové soustavy napětí
jazykový –
Using specific vocabulary
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 21
SUBJECT:
Physics
Three-Phase System
21. Three-Phase System
Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternatingcurrent electric power transmission. It is generally more economical
than others because it uses less conductor material to transmit
electric power than equivalent single-phase or two-phase systems at
the same voltage. The three-phase system was introduced and
patented by Nikola Tesla in the years from 1887 to 1888.
TASK 1:
What requirements must be satisfied in order for a set of 3 sinusoidal
variables (usually voltages or currents) to be a "balanced 3-phase
set?
Obrázek 9/ Three-Phase System
31
31
File:3 phase AC waveform. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-31]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3_phase_AC_waveform.svg
TASK 2:
Match the words to their definitions.
Phase
the 4th wire in the 3-phase system.
Line
the voltages between any two of the lines
Neutral
the currents flowing in each of the lines
Phase voltages/currents simply a "branch" of the circuit
Line currents
the voltages and currents across and through a
single phase of the circuit
Line voltages
refers to the "transmission line" that connect the
source to the load 32
32
Review of 3-Phase Circuits. Eece.ksu.edu [online]. 1997 [cit. 2015-06-01]. Dostupné z: http://ece.k-
state.edu/~starret/581/3phase.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1. All 3 variables have the same amplitude
2. All 3 variables have the same frequency
3. All 3 variables are 120o in phase
TASK 2:
 Phase - simply a "branch" of the circuit
 Line refers to the "transmission line" that connect the source to
the load.
 Neutral - the 4th wire in the 3-phase system
 Phase Voltages & Phase Currents - the voltages and currents
across and through a single branch of the circuit
 Line Currents - the currents flowing in each of the lines
 Line Voltages - the voltages between any two of the lines
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amplitude
ˈæmplɪˌtjuːd
amplituda
Generally
ˈdʒenrəlɪ
obecně
Introduce
ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs
představit, zavést
Patent
ˈpætənt
patentovat
Phase
feɪz
fáze
Requirement
rɪˈkwaɪəmənt
požadavek, podmínka
Single-phase
ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfeɪz
jednofázový
Three-phase
ˈθriː ˈfeɪz
třífázový
Transmission
trænzˈmɪʃən
přenos
Transmit
trænzˈmɪt
přenést
Two-phase
ˈtuː ˈfeɪz
dvoufázový
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Generators
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Funkce a využití generátoru
jazykový –
Different meaning of the word
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 22
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Generators
22. Generators
TASK 1:
Answer the question:
 What is the generators´ function?
 What does the dynamo enable you to do?
 Is dynamo and alternator the same?
 What is the difference between portable, standby and inverter
generator?
TASK 2:
In your dictionary find at least three different meanings of the word
generate in Czech and use each of them in the sentence.
word
generate
meaning in Czech
sample sentence
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy for use in an external circuit. Dynamo is one of the
generators´ category and uses electromagnetic induction to convert
mechanical rotation into direct current through the use of a
commutator. Alternators generate alternating current. Dynamo
enables you to use any device although there is no power supply.
TASK 2:
For example: 1. vyrobit, 2. plodit, dávat vznik 3. generovat
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Alternator
ˈɔːltəˌneɪtə
alternátor
Although
ɔːlˈðəʊ
i když, přestože
Commutator
ˈkɒmjʊˌteɪtə
komutátor
Dynamo
ˈdaɪnəˌməʊ
dynamo
External circuit
ɪkˈstɜːnəl ˈsɜːkɪt
vnější obvod
Generate
ˈdʒenəˌreɪt
generovat, vyrábět (el.),
plodit, dávat vznik atd.
Inverter
ɪnˈvəːtə
inventor (měnič, střídač)
Mechanical
mɪˈkænɪkəl
mechanický
Portable
ˈpɔːtəbəl
přenosný
Rotation
rəʊˈteɪʃən
otáčení, rotace
Standby
ˈstændbaɪ
rezervní, záložní
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Electric Motors
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a opakování učiva
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 23
Electric Motors
SUBJECT:
Physics
23. Electric Motors
TASK 1:
Do the quiz revising what you have already learnt.
4. The basis of an electric motor is:
a) a spark plug
b) a magnet
c) a battery
5. A motor's motion comes from which property of magnets?
a) Like poles repel each other.
b) Opposite poles attract each other.
c) both A and B
6. The six basic parts of a simple two-pole motor are:
a) the armature, the commutator, the brushes, the axle, a field
magnet and a DC power supply
b) the armature, the brushes, the battery, the axle, the anchor and
a field magnet
c) the commutator, the brushes, the casing, a DC power supply
and the wires
7. A motor's armature acts as:
a) a rotor
b) an anchor
c) an axle
8. Which part holds the armature and commutator in place?
a) wires
b) battery
c) axle
9. What part transfers power from the battery to the commutator?
a) wires
b) brushes
c) poles
10. Which of these devices does not have an electric motor?
a) blender
b) water filter
c) refrigerator33
33
How Electric Motors Work. Howstuffworks [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-01]. Dostupné z:
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/motor.htm
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1b, 2c, 3a, 4a, 5c, 6b, 7b
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Anchor
ˈæŋkə
kotva
Armature
ˈɑːmətjʊə
kotva (magnetu)
Axle
ˈæksəl
hřídel
Blender
ˈblendə
mixér, míchadlo, hnětač
Brush
brʌʃ
kartáček
Casing
ˈkeɪsɪŋ
obal, kryt, pouzdro
Field magnet
ˈfiːld ˈmægnɪt
budící magnet
Magnet
ˈmægnɪt
magnet
Motion
ˈməʊʃən
pohyb
Pole
pəʊl
pól
Property
ˈprɒpətɪ
vlastnost
Rotor
ˈrəʊtə
rotor
Spark plug
ˈspɑːk ˈplʌg
zapalovací svíčka
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Transformers
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Základní charakteristika transformátoru
jazykový –
Prepositions and their opposites
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 24
Transformers
SUBJECT:
Physics
24. Transformers
TASK 1:
Complete the text with the words from the box.
iron - primary - flux - more - voltage - field - down - frequency - coil change - alternating - secondary- increase
Transformers use electromagnetic induction to 1) ____ the size of the
voltage for an 2) _________ current. An AC flowing in the3) _________
coil produces magnetic 4) _________ . The magnetic 5) ________ is
passed through the 6) _______ core to the 7) _________ coil, where it
induces an alternating 8) _________ of the same 9) _________. Step –
up transformers 10) ________ the voltage by having 11) ______ turns
on the secondary coil than the primary. Step – 12) _______
transformers reduce the voltage by having fewer turns on the
secondary coil.34
TASK 2:
Write opposites to the prepositions:
Preposition
Opposite
for
up
in
through
34
Transformers. Pass my exams [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-01]. Dostupné z:
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/transformers.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1)change 2)alternating 3)primary 4)flux, 5)field 6)iron
7) secondary 8)voltage 9)frequency 10)increase 11)more 12)down
TASK 2:
Preposition
Opposite
for
up
in
through
from
down
out
along
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Change
tʃeɪndʒ
změnit, přeměnit
Coil
kɔɪl
cívka
Core
kɔː
jádro, střed
Flux
flʌks
tok, proudění
Increase
ɪnˈkriːs
zvýšit
Induce
ɪnˈdjuːs
indukovat, vyvolat
Iron
ˈaɪrən
železný
Pass
pɑːs
vést, poslat, předat
Primary
ˈpraɪmərɪ
primární
Secondary
ˈsekəndərɪ
sekundární
Size
saɪz
velikost
Transformer
trænsˈfɔːmə
transformátor
Turn
tɜːn
obrátka, otočení
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Generating Electricity
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Větrné elektrárny jako alternativní zdroj energie
jazykový –
Adjectives
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 25
YEAR:
2.
Generating Electricity
SUBJECT:
Physics
25. Generating Electricity
Obrázek 10/ Windfarm
35
Wind power as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable,
widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions
during operation, and uses little land.
TASK 1:
How much do you know about the wind turbine? Write the words to
their explanations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
35
this produces electricity from the wind ___________________
this switches the wind turbine on and off __________________
this slows down the rotating shaft ________________________
this produces AC electricity ___________________
this consists of three blades and a hub _______________
this transmit the rotation to the generator ______________ 36
Wind farm. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-01]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm
36
Wind Turbines. AENews [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-01]. Dostupné z: http://www.alternative-energynews.info/technology/wind-power/wind-turbines/
TASK 2:
Complete the phrases from the text.
electricity
turbine
gas
shaft
power
emission
fuels
TASK 3:
Suffix -able is commonly used to form adjectives. Guess its meaning
from the Czech translation of the word renewable = obnovitelný.
Complete the table.
suffix
able
suffix meaning
adjective
1.
2.
3.
adjective
meaning
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1)turbine, 2)controller, 3)brake, 4)generator, 5)rotor, 6)shaft
TASK 2:
AC electricity, wind turbine, greenhouse gas, rotating shaft, wind
power, gas emission, fossil fuels.
TASK 3:
Suffix able express possibility to provide smth
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adjective
ˈædʒɪktɪv
přídavné jméno
Alternative
ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv
alternativa, jiná možnost
Blade
bleɪd
lopatka (rotoru/turbíny)
Brake
breɪk
brzda
Distributed
dɪˈstrɪbjuːtɪd
rozložený, distribuovaný
Emissions
ɪˈmɪʃən
emise
Fossil fuel
ˈfɒsəl ˈfjʊəl
fosilní palivo
Greenhouse gases
ˈgriːnˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz
skleníkové plyny
Hub
hʌb
střed (kola, turbíny)
Operation
ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən
provoz, chod
Renewable
rɪˈnjuːəbəl
obnovitelný
Shaft
ʃɑːft
hřídel
Suffix
ˈsʌfɪks
přípona
Turbine
ˈtɜːbɪn
turbína
Wind power
ˈwɪnd ˈpaʊə
větrná energie
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Safety Rules
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Zásady bezpečnosti práce s elektrickým proudem
jazykový –
Modal verbs/permission, obligation, prohibition
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 26
YEAR:
2.
Safety Rules
SUBJECT:
Physics
26. Safety Rules
TASK 1:
Work with your partner and discuss the following problems.
1. Why is it so important to work safely with or near electricity?
2. What kinds of injuries result from electrical currents?
3. What are some general safety tips for working with or near
electricity?
TASK 2:
Complete the table with the correct modal verb/s.
Obligation
Permission
Prohibition
What other structures can be used to express warning?
TASK 3:
Work with your partner. Think about your workplace or home and set
at least two rules expressing obligation, permission and prohibition
when handling with electricity.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1, 3:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
Obligation
Permission
Prohibition
have to
must
can
be allowed to
mustn´t
Other structures: Never/always + infinitive, don´t + infinitive.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Express
ɪkˈspres
vyjádřit
Handling
ˈhændlɪŋ
manipulace, zacházení
Injury
ˈɪndʒərɪ
úraz, zranění, újma
Obligation
ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃən
povinnost
Permission
pəˈmɪʃən
povolení
Prohibition
ˌprəʊɪˈbɪʃən
zákaz
Safely
ˈseɪflɪ
bezpečně
Safety rules
ˈseɪftɪ ˈruːlz
bezpečnostní pravidla,
zásady
Screwdriver
ˈskruːˌdraɪvə
šroubovák
Warning
ˈwɔːnɪŋ
varování, upozornění
Workplace
ˈwɜːkˌpleɪs
pracoviště
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Oscillation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Úvod do téma kmitání
jazykový –
Relating the content to the Ss´ closest environment
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 27
YEAR:
2.
Oscillation
SUBJECT:
Physics
27. Oscillation
What is oscillation?
Oscillation is a motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle. It is also
known as a periodic motion. It occurs when a system is disturbed
from a position of stable equilibrium. This displacement from
equilibrium changes periodically over time.
Oscillations are very common in everyday life with familiar examples
being the motion of a clock pendulum or the vibrations of strings on
musical instruments. 37
TASK 1:
Complete the table.
verb
oscillate
37
verb meaning
noun
oscillation
oscillator
oscillograph
oscilloscope
noun meaning
Waves and oscillations. Examstutor [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-03]. Dostupné z:
http://www.examstutor.com/physics/resources/studyroom/waves_and_oscillations/oscillations_and_ha
rmonic_oscillations/
TASK 2:
Find some examples of oscillation in different fields.
field
mechanical
optical
biological
economic
human
example
If you need some help go on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Displacement
dɪsˈpleɪsmənt
přemístění, posunutí
Equilibrium
ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm
rovnováha
Occur
əˈkɜː
nastat, přihodit se
Oscillate
ˈɒsɪˌleɪt
kmitat, kývat se (kyvadlo),
oscilovat
Oscillating system/
oscillator
ˈɒsɪˌleɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm/ ˈɒsɪleɪtə
oscilátor
Oscillation
ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃən
oscilace, kmitání
Oscillograph
əˈsɪləɡrɑːf
oscilograf
Oscilloscope
əˈsɪləskəʊp
osciloskop
Pendulum
ˈpendjʊləm
kyvadlo
Repeat
rɪˈpiːt
opakovat se
String
strɪŋ
pružina
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Oscillation Properties
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Základní terminologie
jazykový –
Basic terms and their meaning
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 28
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Oscillation Properties
28. Oscillation Properties
TASK 1:
Match the terms to their definitions.
1. Period
A) the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
2. Frequency
B) a measure of how much one wave is out of step with
another wave
3. Amplitude
C) is defined as the number of oscillations per unit time
4. Phase difference
D) is defined as the time taken for one complete oscillation
TASK 2:
Label the diagram of simple harmonic oscillation and describe it.
Obrázek 11/ Simple Harmonic Oscillation
38
SOLUTION:
38
File:Harmonic oscillation.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-06-03]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harmonic_oscillation_german.svg?uselang=cs
TASK 1:
1D, 2C, 3A, 4B
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amplitude
ˈæmplɪˌtjuːd
amplituda
Be out of step with sth.
biː aʊt ɒv step wɪθ sʌmθɪŋ
rozcházet se s něčím, nejít
stejným krokem
Equilibrium position
ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm pəˈzɪʃən
rovnovážná poloha
Frequency
ˈfriːkwənsɪ
frekvence (kmitočet)
Harmonic oscillation
hɑːˈmɒnɪk ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃən
harmonické kmitání
Per unit time
ˈpɜː ˈjuːnɪt ˈtaɪm
za jednotku času
Period
ˈpɪərɪəd
perioda (doba kmitu)
Phase difference
ˈfeɪz ˈdɪfrəns
fázový rozdíl
Wave
weɪv
vlna
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Pendulum
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Základní parametry kyvadla
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 29
Pendulum
SUBJECT:
Physics
29. Pendulum
Pendulum is the most common type of a mechanical oscillator.
Oscillation is represented by the back and forth movement. It is
maintained by changes in energy.
TASK 1:
Answer the following questions.
1. What parts does the pendulum consist of?
2. What types of energy are exchanged?
3. What are the factors and parameters of pendulum motion?
TASK 2:
For the next sentences choose the correct option.
 If the frequency of a pendulum is 60 cycles per second (or 60
Hertz), then its period is 1/60 seconds. YES/NO
 The frequency of the pendulum is independent on the length of
the string or wire. YES/NO
 The frequency is independent of the amplitude of the swing.
YES/NO 39
39
Simple Pendulum. School for Champions [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-03]. Dostupné z:
http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/pendulum.htm#.VW8OYc_tmko
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1. A pendulum consists of a weight suspended on a rod, string or
wire.
2. Potential to kinetic.
3. The major factor involved in the equations for calculating the
frequency of a pendulum is the length of the rod or wire,
provided the initial angle or amplitude of the swing is small.
TASK 2:
YES, NO, YES,
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Angle
ˈæŋgəl
úhel
Back and forth
ˈbæk ən ˈfɔːθ
tam a zpět
Be suspended
ˈbiː səˈspendɪd
viset, být zavěšen
Consist of sth.
kənˈsɪst ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ
skládat se z něčeho
Cycle
ˈsaɪkəl
cyklus, kmit
Independent
ˌɪndɪˈpendənt
nazávislý
Initial
ɪˈnɪʃəl
počáteční, výchozí
Length
leŋθ / leŋkθ
délka
Maintain
meɪnˈteɪn
udržet
Rod
rɒd
tyč(ka)
String
strɪŋ
provaz, šňůra
Swing
swɪŋ
kývání, zhoupnutí
Weight
weɪt
závaží
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mechanical Waves
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a upevnění poznatků
jazykový –
3rd person form of present simple
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 30
YEAR:
2.
Mechanical Waves
SUBJECT:
Physics
30. Mechanical Waves
A mechanical wave is a wave that propagates as an oscillation of
matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While
waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium
of transmission is limited.
TASK 1:
Fill in the missing words: water 2x, medium, energy input, energy, no,
the same, sound.
Mechanical waves transport
2)
1)
_______only. It propagates in
________ direction as the wave. A mechanical wave requires an
initial 3)_______ ______. Once this initial energy is added, the wave
travels through the 4)___________ until all its energy is transferred.
In contrast, electromagnetic waves require 5)____ medium, but can
still travel through one.
Some of the most common examples of mechanical waves can be
6)
40
_______ or 7)_______ waves, etc. 40
Categories of waves. 1996-2O15. The physics classroom [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u10l1c.cfm#emmech
THINK!
 Why an opera singer’s voice is able to break a thin crystal glass?
 What does the mechanical wave motion in a medium transfer mass or energy?
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1)energy, 2)the same, 3)energy input, 4)medium, 5)no, 6)water,
7)sound
THINK!
 Because the vibrating glass and the singer´s voice have identical
frequency.
 Mechanical waves can only transfer energy.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Add
æd
přidat
Input
ˈɪnˌpʊt
vstup(ní zdroje), vklad
Mass
mæs
masa
Matter
ˈmætə
hmota, látka
Mechanical wave
mɪˈkænɪkəl ˈweɪv
mechanické vlnění/vlna
Medium
ˈmiːdɪəm
prostředek přenosu, nosič
Movement
ˈmuːvmənt
pohyb
Propagate
ˈprɒpəˌgeɪt
šířit se
Sound wave
ˈsaʊnd ˈweɪv
zvuková vlna
Therefore
ˈðeəˌfɔː
proto
Transfer
trænsˈfɜː
přenést
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Interference
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata interference vlnění
jazykový –
Formulate a hypothesis
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 31
SUBJECT:
Physics
Interference
31. Interference
Interference happens when two or more waves come together.
Depending on how the peaks and troughs of the waves are matched
up, the waves might add together or they can partially or even
completely cancel each other. It applies to all kind of waves.
TASK 1:
 Give the Czech equivalents to the words in blue.
 What kinds of waves do you know?
TASK 2:
What is the difference between constructive and destructive
interference? Label the diagrams with the correct type.
Obrázek 12/ Interference of Waves
41
41
File:ConstructiveAndDestructiveInterference.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-0602]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ConstructiveAndDestructiveInterference.png?uselang=cs
THINK!
Do you know why soldiers have to march at easy over the bridge?
How are the standing waves produced? 42
42
Interference of Waves. Physics.bu.edu [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-06-02]. Dostupné z:
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/WaveInterference.html
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Apply
əˈplaɪ
vztahovat se, týkat se,
platit
Cancel
ˈkænsəl
zrušit
Come together
ˈkʌm təˈgeðə
spojit se, dát se
dohromady
Completely
kəmˈpliːtlɪ
úplně
Constructive interference
kənˈstrʌktɪv ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns
konstruktivní interference
Destructive interference
dɪˈstrʌktɪv ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns
destruktivní interference
Interference
ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns
skládání (interference)
vlnění
Kind
kaɪnd
druh, typ
March
mɑːtʃ
pochodovat
Match up
ˈ mætʃ ˈ ʌp
uspořádat, padnout
Partially
ˈpɑːʃəlɪ
částečně
Peak
piːk
maximum (na sinusoidě)
Standing waves
ˈstændɪŋ ˈweɪvz
stojaté vlnění
Trough
trɒf
minimum (na sinusoidě)
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Review - Oscillation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Opakování základních pojmů
jazykový –
Word meaning in different context
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 32
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Review
32. Review
TASK 1:
Revise a bit. Find the following terms.
Equilibrium, oscillator, pendulum, period, standing (waves),
longitudinal (waves), wavelength, amplitude, surface (waves),
transverse (waves), frequency.
W
A
C
Y
E
X
U
M
H
U
W
T
D
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y
A
R
R
D
N
S
U
R
F
A
C
E
V
A
O
C
G
N
I
D
N
A
T
S
E
N
T
E
V
A
L
F
W
B
P
P
L
S
A
M
P
L
I
T
U
D
E
O
E
V
L
F
H
E
B
E
R
E
R
B
N
E
L
G
A
F
R
B
H
T
I
E
G
R
I
T
S
H
I
K
O
H
O
R
T
S
C
E
E
K
U
S
R
A
D
F
H
E
S
C
E
U
M
U
L
U
D
N
E
P
O
L
O
N
G
I
T
U
D
A
L
V
TASK 2:
Choose any three terms from 1 and explain them.
TASK 3:
How many meanings of the word oscillation can you find in the
dictionary? Try to use them in the sentences.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Choose (pt chose, pp
chosen)
tʃuːz
vybrat (si), zvolit (si)
Explain
ɪkˈspleɪn
vysvětlit
Following
ˈfɒləʊɪŋ
následující
Longitudinal waves
ˌlɒŋgɪˈtjuːdɪnəl ˈweɪvz
podélné vlnění
Oscillation
ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃən
oscilace, kmitání, kolísání
(teplot) atd.
Surface waves
ˈsɜːfɪs ˈweɪvz
povrchové vlnění
Term
tɜːm
výraz, termín
Transverse waves
trænzˈvɜːs ˈweɪvz
příčné vlnění
Wavelength
ˈweɪvˌleŋθ
vlnová délka
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Origin and Source of Sound
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata zvuku
jazykový –
Developing the basic skills of data processing
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 33
YEAR:
2.
Origin and Source of Sound
SUBJECT:
Physics
33. Origin and Source of Sound
TASK 1:
Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. Sound is a transverse wave.
2. Sound can travel through a vacuum.
3. A region of increased pressure on a sound wave is called a
rarefaction.
4. The speed of sound depends upon the type of medium.
5. Sound generally travels faster in gases than in solids and liquids.
6. The speed of sound in air is nearly the same for all frequencies
7. It does not increase with temperature.43
Here you can check your answers: http://physics.info/sound/
THINK!
A scene in a science fiction movie shows a spacecraft exploding in
outer space. At the same time, the occupants of a second spaceship
(located a considerable distance away) are shown reacting to the
sound and light of the explosion. What two physics errors did the
producers make in this scene?
43
The Nature of Sound. The Physics Hypertextbook [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
http://physics.info/sound/
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1F, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5F, 6T, 7F
THINK!
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Gas
gæs
plyn
Liquid
ˈlɪkwɪd
tekutina, kapalina
Rarefaction
ˌrɛːrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
snížení hustoty
Solid
ˈsɒlɪd
pevná látka
Sound
ˈsaʊnd
zvuk
Spacecraft
ˈspeɪsˌkrɑːft
kosmická loď, vesmírné
plavidlo
Speed
ˈspiːd
rychlost
Temperature
ˈtemprɪtʃə
teplota
Vacuum
ˈvækjʊəm
vakuum
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Sound Propagation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata šíření zvuku
jazykový –
Forming adjectives by prefixes
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 34
SUBJECT:
Physics
Sound Propagation
34. Sound Propagation
TASK 1:
Look at the sound wave diagram and explain the way of sound
propagation and its dependence on the pressure:
Obrázek 13/ Sound Wave
44
TASK 2:
The human ear is capable of detecting sounds in the range 16 Hz - 20
000 Hz, although this range decreases appreciably with age. What are
ultrasonic sounds or ultrasounds?
TASK 3:
What is the meaning of the prefix ultra- ? Give more examples of
adjectives formed by this prefix.
44
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V13_D181_Sound_wave_propagation_along_a_cylinder.jpg?us
elang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Sound is a variation in pressure. A region of increased pressure on a
sound wave is called a compression (or condensation). A region of
decreased pressure on a sound wave is called a rarefaction (or
dilation).
TASK 2:
Sounds whose frequencies are higher than the upper limit of
audibility of the human ear.
TASK 3:
Ultra- having a quality to an extreme degree
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Although
ɔːlˈðəʊ
ačkoli, přestože, i když
Appreciably
əˈpriːʃɪəbəlɪ
znatelně, výrazně
Capable
ˈkeɪpəbəl
schopný, způsobilý
Compression
kəmˈpreʃən
stlačení
Decrease
dɪˈkriːs
klesat, snižovat se
Dependence on
dɪˈpendəns ˈɒn
závislost na
Detect
dɪˈtekt
zaznamenat
Ear
ɪə
ucho
Limit of audibility
ˈlɪmɪt ˈɒv ˌɔːdɪˈbɪlɪtɪ
hranice slyšitelnosti
Pressure
ˈpreʃə
tlak
Propagation
ˌprɒpəˈgeɪʃən
šíření
Range
reɪndʒ
rozmezí
Rarefaction
ˌreːrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
snížení hustoty
Than
ðæn
než
Ultrasonic
sound/ultrasound
ˌʌltrəˈsɒnɪk
saʊnd/ˌʌltrəˈsaʊnd
ultrazvuk
Upper
ˈʌpə
horní
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Acoustics
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Upevnění a prohloubení učiva o zvuku a vlnění
jazykový –
Applying prior knowledge to solve the problem
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 35
Acoustics
SUBJECT:
Physics
35. Acoustics
Science of sound, including its production, transmission, and effects,
including biological and psychological effects.
TASK 1:
The word acoustics has another more familiar meaning. Do you know
what it is?
TASK 2:
The study of acoustics revolves around the generation, propagation
and reception of mechanical waves and vibrations.
 What wave properties should be taken into account?
 What form can sound waves take in solids and fluids?
TASK 3:
There are many different areas of study and practice within
acoustics. Can you guess what the subject matter of each type is?
ANIMAL BIOACOUSTICS
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
MEDICAL ACOUSTICS
MUSICAL ACOUSTICS
UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS.
NOISE/ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS45
45
What is Acoustics? Acoustics Research Group [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
https://acoustics.byu.edu/content/what-acoustics
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Those qualities of a room that, together, determine its character with
respect to auditory effects.
TASK 2:
 Mainly pressure and frequency.
 In fluids, sound propagates primarily as a pressure wave. In
solids, mechanical waves can take many forms including
longitudinal waves, transverse waves and surface waves.
TASK 3:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Acoustics
əˈkuːstɪks
akustika
Animal bioacoustics
ˈænɪməl ˌbʌɪəʊəˈkuːstɪks
(zvířecí) bioakustika
Architectural acoustics
ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl əˈkuːstɪks
stavební akustika
Effect
ɪˈfekt
důsledek, účinek
Generation
ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən
generování
Medical acoustics
ˈmedɪkəl əˈkuːstɪks
lékařská akustika
Musical acoustics
ˈmjuːzɪkəl əˈkuːstɪks
hudební akustika
ə
Noise/environmental
acoustics
nɔɪz/ɪnˌvaɪərənˈment l
əˈkuːstɪks
environmentální akustika
Reception
rɪˈsepʃən
příjem
Revolve
rɪˈvɒlv
točit se (kolem tématu)
Subject matter
ˈsʌbdʒɪkt ˈmætə
tématika, předmět studia
Take into account (pt took,
ˈteɪk ˈɪntuː əˈkaʊnt
pp taken)
vzít v úvahu, zohlednit
Underwater acoustics
ˈʌndəˈwɔːtə əˈkuːstɪks
podvodní akustika
Vibration
vaɪˈbreɪʃən
vibrace, kmitání, chvění
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Practical Use of Acoustics
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Využití poznatků akustiky v praxi
jazykový –
Terms meaning and pronunciation
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 36
YEAR:
2.
Practical Use of Acoustics
SUBJECT:
Physics
36. Practical Use of Acoustics
TASK 1:
 Which main areas is acoustics deal with?
 What forms can sound waves take in solids and fluids?
TASK 2:
Waves transfer energy in different forms: some are very useful, while
other can be deadly. Can you give any examples?
TASK 3:
Can you explain how the SONAR works? Look at the diagram,
describe the principle and give the English terms to the Czech ones.
Obrázek 14/ SONAR Principle
46
46
File:Sonar Principle-cs.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonar_Principle-cs.svg
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Acoustics deals with the production, control, transmission, reception,
and effects of sound. It isn´t strictly musical or architectural in nature,
it also covers a vast range of topics (noise control, SONAR for
submarine navigation, ultrasounds for medical imaging, seismology,
bioacoustics, and electroacoustic communication).
TASK 2, 3:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Deadly
ˈdedlɪ
smrtelný
Distance
ˈdɪstəns
vzdálenost
Object
ˈɒbdʒɪkt
předmět, objekt
Original wave
əˈrɪdʒɪnəl ˈweɪv
původní vlna
Reflected wave
rɪˈflektɪd ˈweɪv
odražená vlna
Sender
ˈsendə
vysílač
Sonar
ˈsəʊnɑː
sonar
Sonar receiver
ˈsəʊnɑː rɪˈsiːvə
přijímač sonaru
Useful
ˈjuːsfʊl
užitečný, prospěšný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Hearing
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Ucho jako sluchový orgán
jazykový –
Describing a process
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 37
SUBJECT:
Physics
Hearing
37. Hearing
Hearing/auditory perception/audition is the ability to perceive sound
by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding
medium through an organ such as the ear.
TASK 1:
Name the most important parts of the ear.
Obrázek 15/ Ear Anatomy
47
The function of the ear is to convert physical vibration into an
encoded nervous impulse. It can be thought of as a biological
microphone.48
TASK 2:
Read the text and give a simple description of ear function.
http://www.webmd.com/brain/picture-of-the-ear
47
Ear - anatomy. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2003 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ear#/media/File:Ear-anatomy.png
48
The Ear (Human Anatomy). Web MD [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
http://www.webmd.com/brain/picture-of-the-ear
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Outer ear, middle ear and inner ear
1 - skull 2 - ear canal 3 - pinna 4 - tympanum 5 - fenestra ovalis 6 - malleus 7 - incus 8 - stapes 9 labyrinth 10 - cochlea 11 - auditory nerve 12 - eustachian tube
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Auditory nerve
ˈɔːdɪtərɪ ˈnɜːv
sluchový nerv
Cochlea
ˈkɒklɪə
hlemýžď (ve vnitřním
uchu)
Ear canal
ˈɪə kəˈnæl
zvukovod
Eardrum (tympanum)
ˈɪəˌdrʌm (ˈtimpənəm)
ušní bubínek
Encode
ɪnˈkəʊd
zakódovat
Eustachian tube
juːˈsteɪʃ(ə)n ˈtjuːb
eustachova trubice
Hearing / audition
ˈhɪərɪŋ / ɔːˈdɪʃən
sluch
Incus
ˈɪŋkəs
kovadlinka
Inner ear
ˈɪnə ˈɪə
vnitřní ucho
Labyrinth
ˈlæbərɪnθ
labyrint
Malleus
ˈmalɪəs
kladívko
Middle ear
ˈmɪdəl ˈɪə
střední ucho
Nervous impulse
ˈnɜːvəs ˈɪmpʌls
nervový impulz
Outer ear (pinna)
ˈaʊtə ˈɪə (ˈpinə)
vnější ucho
ˈəʊvəl ˈwɪndəʊ
oválné okénko
Perceive
pəˈsiːv
vnímat
Skull
skʌl
lebka
Stapes
ˈsteɪpiːz
třmínek
Tiny
ˈtaɪnɪ
maličký
Oval window
ovalis)
(Fenestra
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Protection against Harmful Effects of Noise
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Ochrana proti poškození sluchu
jazykový –
Doing a research on hearing
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 38
Protection against Harmful
Effects of Noise
SUBJECT:
Physics
38. Protection against Harmful effects
of Noise
The effects of noise on hearing vary among people. Some people's
ears are more sensitive to loud sounds, especially at certain
frequencies. (Frequency means how low or high a tone is.) But any
sound that is loud enough and lasts long enough can damage hearing
and lead to hearing loss.
For example, a chain saw has a sound intensity of about 110 dB. Without proper hearing
protection, running a chain saw for only 2 minutes can become dangerous to the human
ear!49
TASK 1:
 When the sound level become dangerous to the human ear?
 What hearing protection can you use?
 What is it a noise meter?
TASK 2:
Check your hearing doing a simple test.
http://www.starkey.com/online-hearing-test
49
Noise Induced Hearing Loss. Dangerous Decibels [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/education/information-center/noise-induced-hearing-loss/
SOLUTION:
TASK1:
In general, sounds above 85 are harmful, depending on how long and
how often you are exposed to them and whether you wear hearing
protection, such as earplugs or earmuffs.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Among people
əˈmʌŋ ˈpiːpəl
mezi lidmi
Chain saw
ˈtʃeɪn ˈsɔː
řetězová/motorová pila
Damage
ˈdæmɪdʒ
poškodit
Earmuffs
ˈɪəˌmʌfs
klapky na uši, ochranná
sluchátka
Earplug
ˈɪəˌplʌg
špunty do uší
Enough
ɪˈnʌf
dostatečně, dostatečný
Expose
ɪkˈspəʊz
vystavit
Harmful
ˈhɑːmfʊl
škodlivý
Hearing loss
ˈhɪərɪŋ ˈlɒs
ztráta sluchu
Last
lɑːst
trvat
Lead to
ˈliːd ˈtuː
vést k
Sensitive
ˈsensɪtɪv
citlivý
Whether
ˈweðə
zda, jestli
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Summary
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 39
Summary
SUBJECT:
Physics
39. Summary
TASK 1:
Complete the text.
Sound is a mechanical, 1)……………… wave which requires a 2).………..
Sound cannot propagate through
3)
………….. The speed of sound
depends upon the medium and its state. Sound usually travels fast in
4)
……….., faster in 5)………….., and fastest in 6)………….. The speed of
sound in air 7)………………. with temperature. A reflected sound wave is
known as an 8)………….
TASK 2:
A sound wave is different than a light wave in that a sound wave is
a. produced by an oscillating object and a light wave is not.
b. not capable of traveling through a vacuum.
c. not capable of diffracting and a light wave is.
d. capable of existing with a variety of frequencies and a light
wave has a single frequency.50
50
Sound Waves and Music. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1)longitudinal, 2)medium, 3)a vacuum, 4)gas, 5)liquids, 6)solids,
7)decreases, 8)echo
TASK 2:
b)
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Complete
kəmˈpliːt
doplnit, vyplnit
Diffract
dɪˈfrækt
ohýbat se, rozkládat
Echo
ˈekəʊ
ozvěna
Exist
ɪgˈzɪst
existovat, být
Fast
fɑːst
rychle
Reflected sound wave
rɪˈflektɪd ˈsaʊnd ˈweɪv
odražená zvuková vlna
State
steɪt
skupenství
Usually
ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ
obvykle
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Review
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Problémové úkoly k zamyšlení
jazykový –
Numbers, calculations
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 40
Review
SUBJECT:
Physics
40. Review
TASK 1:
Check your understanding. Choose the correct answer.
1. A sound wave is a pressure wave; regions of high (compressions)
and low pressure (rarefactions) are established as the result of the
vibrations of the sound source. These compressions and rarefactions
result because sound
a. is more dense than air and thus has more inertia, causing the
bunching up of sound.
b. is like all waves; it is able to bend into the regions of space behind
obstacles.
c. vibrates longitudinally; the longitudinal movement of air produces
pressure fluctuations.51
2. A mosquito's buzz is often rated with a decibel rating of 40 dB.
Normal conversation is often rated at 60 dB. How many times more
intense is normal conversation compared to a mosquito's buzz?
a. 2 b. 20 c. 100 d. 200 e. 400
3. Doubling the frequency of a wave source doubles the speed of the
waves. YES/NO
SOLUTION:
51
Sound Waves and Music. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-04]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound
TASK 1:
1)c, 2) 100 times, 3)NO, speed is unaffected by the alteration in the
frequency. The speed of a wave depends upon the properties of the
medium.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Air
eə
vzduch, ovzduší
Bunch up
bʌntʃ ʌp
zmáčknout (se) (k sobě),
shlukovat
Decibel rating
ˈdesɪbel ˈreɪtɪŋ
hodnocení v decibelech
Dense
dens
hustý
Double
ˈdʌbəl
zdvojnásobit
Fluctuation
ˌflʌktjʊˈeɪʃən
kolísání
Inertia
ɪnˈɜːʃə
setrvačnost
Mosquito
məˈskiːtəʊ
komár, moskyt
Obstacle
ˈɒbstəkəl
překážka, bariéra
Pressure wave
ˈpreʃə ˈweɪv
tlaková vlna
Source
sɔːs
zdroj
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Light
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vlnová podstata světla
jazykový –
Comparing, using adjectives
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 41
Light
SUBJECT:
Physics
41. Light
How Do We Know Light is a Wave?
An age-old debate that has persisted among scientists is related to
the question, "Is light a wave or a stream of particles?"
For example Newton’s corpuscular theory of light says that light
consists of very tiny particles known as “corpuscular”. In 1679,
Christian Huygens proposed the wave theory of light.
The fact is that light exhibits behaviour that is characteristic of both
waves and particles.52
TASK 1:
What are the main similarities and differences of the sound and light
waves?
TASK 2:
A common measure of astronomical distances is the light-year. This is
the distance a beam of light would travel in a vacuum in one year.
Determine the size of a light-year in meters using the speed of light.
52
Light Waves and Colour. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-05]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-1/Wavelike-Behaviors-of-Light
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Beam
biːm
paprsek, svazek paprsků
Behaviour
bɪˈheɪvjə
chování
Consist
kənˈsɪst
skládat se
Corpuscular theory of light kɔːˈpʌskjʊlə ˈθɪərɪ əv ˈlaɪt
Korpuskulární/částicová
teorie světla
Exhibit
ɪgˈzɪbɪt
projevovat
Light
laɪt
světlo
Light-year
ˈlaɪt ˈjɪə
světelný rok
Persist
pəˈsɪst
přetrvávat, neustávat
Propose
prəˈpəʊz
navrhnout, předložit
Similarity
ˌsɪmɪˈlærɪtɪ
podobnost
Stream of particles
ˈstriːm əv ˈpɑːtɪkəlz
proud částic
Wave theory of light
ˈweɪv ˈ θɪərɪ əv ˈlaɪt
Vlnová teorie světla
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Types of EM Radiation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Druhy EM záření
jazykový –
Revision of colours
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 42
SUBJECT:
Physics
Types of EM Radiation
42. Types of EM Radiation
Light usually refers to visible light, which is electromagnetic radiation
that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of
sight. It is defined as having a wavelength in the range of 400 to 700
nanometres.
TASK 1:
In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic
radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense,
gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light.
Explain the words in blue and give examples of their practical use.
TASK 2:
Label the diagram according to the colours.
Obrázek 16/ Visible Light Spectrum
53
53
File:Visible Light Spectrum. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-06-05]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visible_Light_Spectrum.jpg?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Gamma ray
ˈgæmə ˈreɪ
gama paprsek
Infrared
ˌɪnfrəˈred
infračervené záření
Microwave
ˈmaɪkrəʊˌweɪv
mikrovlna
Nanometre
ˈnanə(ʊ)ˌmiːtə
nanometr
Radiation
ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən
záření
Radio waves
ˈreɪdɪəʊ ˈweɪvz
radiové vlny
Refer
rɪˈfɜː
vztahovat se, odkazovat
Responsible for
rɪˈspɒnsəbəl ˈfɔː
zodpovědný za
Sense
sens
smysl
Sight
saɪt
zrak, vidění
Ultraviolet
ˌʌltrəˈvaɪəlɪt
ultrafialové záření
Usually
ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ
obvykle
Visible
ˈvɪzɪbəl
viditelný
Whether … or
ˈweðə … ˈɔː
ať už … nebo
X-ray
ˈɛksreɪ
rentgenový paprsek
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Reflection of Light
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Odraz světla
jazykový –
Explaining physical law
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 43
Reflection of Light
SUBJECT:
Physics
43. Reflection of Light
If an object does not emit its own light (which accounts for most
objects in the world), it must reflect light in order to be seen.
TASK 1:
Fill in the missing words.
Reflection involves two rays - an incoming or 1)............. ray and an
outgoing or 2)............. ray.
TASK 2:
Explain in own words what the law of reflection states.
When light is reflected by a smooth, flat surface, it bounces off at
3)
............ angle as it hits.54
TASK 3:
Explain the terms specular and diffuse reflection.
TASK 4:
Explain what happens when the surface is rough. Draw a simple
diagram of the reflected beams.
54
Light and Sound. IGCSE Physics [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
http://askmichellephysics.blogspot.cz/2012/04/light-and-sound.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) incident, 2) reflected
TASK 2:
3) the same
TASK 3:
The reflection from a smooth, mirror-like surface is called specular.
Reflection from a rough surface is called diffuse reflection and
appears matte.
TASK 4:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Angle
ˈæŋgəl
úhel
Appear
əˈpɪə
zdát se, jevit se
Bounce off
baʊns ɒf
odrazit se
Diffuse reflection
dɪˈfjuːs rɪˈflekʃən
rozptýlený (difúzní) odraz
Emit
ɪˈmɪt
vydávat, vyzařovat
Flat
flæt
plochý, rovný
Incident ray
ˈɪnsɪdənt ˈreɪ
dopadající paprsek
Incoming
ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ
příchozí
Involve
ɪnˈvɒlv
zahrnovat
Matte
mæt
matný
Mirror-like
ˈmɪrəˌlaɪk
jako zrcadlo
Outgoing
ˈaʊtˌgəʊɪŋ
odchozí
Reflect
rɪˈflekt
odrážet, zrcadlit
Reflected ray
rɪˈflektɪd ˈreɪ
odražený paprsek
Reflection
rɪˈflekʃən
odraz, zrcadlení
Rough
rʌf
drsný, hrbolatý
Smooth
smuːð
hladký
Specular reflection
ˈspɛkjʊlə rɪˈflekʃən
pravidelný (zrcadlový) odraz
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Refraction of Light
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Lom světla
jazykový –
Activating vocabulary
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 44
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Refraction of Light
44. Refraction of Light
TASK 1:
What is refraction?
TASK 2:
Refraction is responsible for image formation by lenses and the eye.
Can you explain why an object part immersed in water looks bent?
Obrázek 17/ Refraction Diagram
55
TASK 3:
What it is the index of refraction? 56
55
File:Refracao.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Refracao.png?uselang=cs
56
Light&Optics. Physics4Kids.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/light_refract.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
When light moves from one substance to another it changes speed
and direction. That change in direction is called refraction.
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 3:
The index of refraction is the relation between the speed of light in a
vacuum and the speed of light in a substance.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Bent
bent
ohnutý
Image formation
ˈɪmɪdʒ fɔːˈmeɪʃən
zobrazování
Immersed
ɪˈmɜːst
ponořený
Incident angle
ˈɪnsɪdənt ˈæŋgəl
úhel dopadu
Index of refraction
ˈɪndeks əv rɪˈfrækʃən
index lomu
Lens
lenz
čočka
Look
lʊk
vypadat
Part
pɑːt
část
Refraction
rɪˈfrækʃən
lom
Refractive angle
rɪˈfraktɪv ˈæŋgəl
úhel lomu
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
White Light Dispersion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí poznatků o rozkladu světla
jazykový –
Explaining process
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 45
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
White Light Dispersion
45. White Light Dispersion
Obrázek 18/ White Light Dispersion
57
TASK 1:
Explain the process of light dispersion putting the sentences to the
correct order.
a) In vacuum light of any wavelength will travel at a fixed speed.
b) Since light of different wavelengths will change direction by a
different amount, we will experience a division of white light in
its composing spectral colours.
c) But light slows down in a different medium (such as glass or
water), light of shorter wavelengths (like indigo) will tend to
travel slower than light of longer wavelengths (like red).
57
File:Light dispersion conceptual.gif. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné
z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif?uselang=cs
d) As white light enters a medium (in this case, the prism), each of
its composing wavelengths will travel at a different speed in the
new medium.
e) White light is actually made out of light of several frequencies
(colours) travelling together.58
58
File:Light dispersion conceptual.gif. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné
z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
A, C, E, D, B
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Be composed of
ˈbiː kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv
skládat se z
Division
dɪˈvɪʒən
Rozdělení (na části)
Enter
ˈentə
vstoupit
Fixed
fɪkst
neměnný, stálý
Indigo
ˈɪndɪˌgəʊ
indigová modř
Order
ˈɔːdə
pořadí, uspořádání
Prism
ˈprɪzəm
hranol
Several
ˈsevrəl
několik
Since
sɪns
protože, vzhledem k tomu,
že
Spectral
ˈspektrəl
spektrální
Tend
tend
mít sklon
White light dispersion
ˈwaɪt ˈlaɪt dɪˈspɜːʃən
rozklad bílého světla
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Interference of Light
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata a využití interference světla
jazykový –
Making Hypothesis
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 46
Interference of Light
SUBJECT:
Physics
46. Interference of light
TASK 1:
Work with your partner. Together make hypothesis about the wave
behaviour answering the following questions.
What happens when two waves meet while they travel through the
same medium?
What effect will the meeting of the waves have upon the appearance
of the medium?
TASK 2:
Draw simple diagrams of constructive and destructive interference
and explain the difference between them.
TASK 3:
What are examples of interference of light in our daily life?
You may not know
The phenomenon of light-wave interference surfaces has a number of applications in areas
relating to optics. In each case, unfiltered light could be harmful or, at least, inconvenient for
the user, and the destructive interference eliminates certain colours and unwanted
reflections.59
59
Real-life applications-Interference. Science Clarified [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Physics-Vol-2/Interference-Real-lifeapplications.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Wave interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves
meet while traveling along the same medium. The interference of
waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the
net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the
medium.
TASK 2:
Constructive interference is a type of interference that occurs at any
location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a
displacement in the same direction. Destructive interference occurs
where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite
direction.
TASK 3:
The coloured patterns you see when oil spreads on water or the
coloured reflection you see from the objective lenses of binoculars.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Appearance
əˈpɪərəns
vzhled
Binocular
bɪˈnɒkjʊləz / baɪ-
dalekohled
Certain
ˈsɜːtən
určitý
Eliminate
ɪˈlɪmɪˌneɪt
odstranit, eliminovat
Inconvenient
ˌɪnkənˈviːnjənt
ˌɪnkənˈviːnɪənt
nevyhovující
Interference of light
ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns ˈɒv ˈlaɪt
skládání (interference) světla
Optics
ˈɒptɪks
optika
Phenomenon
fɪˈnɒmɪnən
jev, úkaz
User
ˈjuːzə
uživatel
While
waɪl
zatímco
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mirrors
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Grafické znázornění zobrazení zrcadlem
jazykový –
Following instructions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 47
Mirrors
SUBJECT:
Physics
47. Mirrors
A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that the
reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical
characteristics of the original light.
TASK 1:
Do other light-reflecting objects also preserve most of the original
wave signal? If you look in a mirror and part your hair to your left,
what will other people see?
TASK 2:
Construct the ray diagram to illustrate the formation of a virtual
image in a plane mirror. Follow the instructions.
 First draw your object, a short straight line and a plane mirror in
the centre.
 Draw 2- 3 light rays as straight lines from the 2 ends of your line

Reflect this off the plane mirror in the centre of your page.
(Remember the law of reflection, the angle of incidence=the angle of reflection.)
 Then extend these reflected light rays beyond the plane mirror.
Well where the dotted lines meet behind the mirror will form
the 2 ends of the virtual image of your object. Try it!60
60
Light and Sound. IGCSE Physics [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
http://askmichellephysics.blogspot.cz/2012/04/light-and-sound.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
No, they do not preserve much of the original wave signal other than
colour and diffuse reflected light. When people see you they actually
see the hair parting as to the right.
TASK 2:
The virtual image is the same size as the object, but is laterally
inverted.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Beyond
bɪˈjɒnd
za
Characteristics
ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪks
rysy, znaky
Construct
kənˈstrʌkt
sestrojit, vytvořit
Diffuse
dɪˈfjuːz
rozptýlit
Dotted line
ˈdɒtɪd ˈlaɪn
tečkovaná čára
Extend
ɪkˈstend
táhnout, prodloužit
Inverted
ɪnˈvɜːtɪd
převrácený
Laterally
ˈlætərəlɪ
bočně
Mirror
ˈmɪrə
zrcadlo, zrcátko
Part one’s hair
ˈpɑːt ˈwʌnz ˈheə
učesat si pěšinku
Plane mirror
ˈpleɪn ˈmɪrə
rovinné zrcadlo
Preserve
prɪˈzɜːv
zachovat, uchovat
Virtual image
ˈvɜːtʃʊəl ˈɪmɪdʒ
zdánlivý obraz
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Types of Mirrors
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Druhy zrcadel
jazykový –
Comparing, linking words
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 48
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Types of Mirrors
48. Types of Mirrors
According to the shape of mirror´s surface we can distinguish the
following types – plane, convex and concave mirrors.
TASK 1:
Characterize each mirror type
mirror type
surface
shape
image
use
plane
convex
concave
TASK 2:
Check your understanding.
1. The image of an object is found to be upright and reduced in
size. What type of mirror is used to produce such an image?
2. How can a plane mirror, concave mirror, and/or convex mirror
be used to produce a real image?61
SOLUTION:
61
Reflection and the Ray model of Light. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07].
Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-4/Image-Characteristics-for-ConvexMirrors
TASK 1:
A plane mirror - flat reflective surface, a real object always produces
an image that is virtual, erect and of the same size as the object.
A convex mirror, which bulges outward, reflects a slightly distorted
image that's smaller than actual size. Convex mirrors have many uses
e.g. safety mirrors, mirrors in dressing rooms etc.
A concave mirror curves inward like a spoon, the size, nature, and
position of an image depend on the position of the object in relation
to the principal focus and the centre of curvature.
TASK 2:
1.
Only a convex mirror could produce such an image.
(The upright
images produced by concave mirrors are magnified images. And the upright images
produced by plane mirrors have the same size as the object).
2.
Only a concave mirror is capable of producing a real image
(this
only occurs if the object is located a distance greater than a focal length from the
mirror's surface).
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Actual
ˈæktʃʊəl
skutečný
Bulge
bʌldʒ
být vyboulený, vypoulit
Concave mirror
ˈkɒnkeɪv ˈmɪrə
konkávní (vyduté) zrcadlo
Convex mirror
ˈkɒnveks ˈmɪrə
konvexní (vypouklé) zrcadlo
Curvature
ˈkɜːvətʃə
zakřivení
Curve
kɜːv
stáčet se, křivit se
Distorted
dɪˈstɔːtɪd
zkreslený, zkomolený
Dressing room
ˈdresɪŋ ˈruːm
šatna
Erect
ɪˈrekt
vzpřímený
Focal length
ˈfəʊkəl ˈleŋ(k)θ
ohnisková vzdálenost
Focus
ˈfəʊkəs
ohnisko
Image
ˈɪmɪdʒ
obraz
Inward
ˈɪnwəd
směrem dovnitř
Magnify
ˈmægnɪˌfaɪ
zvětšit
Outward
ˈaʊtwəd
směrem ven, vně
Plane mirror
ˈpleɪn ˈmɪrə
rovinné zrcadlo
Real
ˈrɪəl
skutečný, reálný
Reflect
rɪˈflekt
odrážet, zrcadlit
Slightly
ˈslaɪtlɪ
trochu
Surface
ˈsɜːfɪs
povrch, plocha
Upright
ˈʌpˌraɪt
přímý (obraz)
Use
juːs
využití
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Image Formation for Concave Mirror
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata zobrazování dutým zrcadlem
jazykový –
Preposition of Place
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 49
YEAR:
2.
Image Formation for Concave
Mirror
SUBJECT:
Physics
49. Image Formation for Concave
Mirror
TASK 1:
Revise the following terms: concave mirror, principal axis, focal point,
radius of curvature, centre of curvature, focal length.
There is a definite relationship between the image characteristics and
the location where an object is placed in front of a concave mirror.
The possible object locations are divided into five general areas or
points:
Case 1: the object is located beyond the centre of curvature (C)
Case 2: the object is located at the centre of curvature (C)
Case 3: the object is located between the centre of curvature (C) and
the focal point (F)
Case 4: the object is located at the focal point (F)
Case 5: the object is located in front of the focal point (F)62
62
Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07].
Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-3/Image-Characteristics-forConcave-Mirrors
TASK 2:
Determine the general location, size, orientation, and type of image
formed by concave mirrors.
63
Obrázek 19/ Concave Mirror Image
63
File:Concavo4.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Concavo_4.png?uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Centre (AmE: center) of
curvature
ˈsentə ˈɒv ˈkɜːvətʃə
střed křivosti
Determine
dɪˈtɜːmɪn
určit
Focal length
ˈfəʊkəl ˈleŋ(k)θ
ohnisková vzdálenost
Focal point
ˈfəʊkəl ˈpɔɪnt
ohnisko
Image formation for
concave mirror
ˈɪmɪdʒ fɔːˈmeɪʃən ˈfɔː
ˈkɒnkeɪv ˈmɪrə
zobrazování vydutým
zrcadlem
Location
ləʊˈkeɪʃən
umístění, poloha
Principal axis
ˈprɪnsɪpəl ˈæksɪs
hlavní (tj. optická) osa
Radius
ˈreɪdɪəs
poloměr
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Image Formation for Convex Mirror
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Zobrazování vypouklým zrcadlem
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 50
YEAR:
2.
Image Formation for Convex
Mirror
SUBJECT:
Physics
50. Image Formation for Convex
Mirror
TASK 1:
Revise the following terms: concave mirror, principal axis, focal point,
radius of curvature, centre of curvature, focal length.
TASK 2:
What is the difference between concave and convex mirror? Why the
convex mirror is said to have a negative focal length value?
TASK 3:
Does the location of the object affect the characteristics of the
image? What do the images for convex mirror look like?
TASK 4:
be used to produce an image that has the same size as the
object?
be used to produce an upright image?64
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
Since the focal point is located behind the convex mirror.
TASK 3:
The location of the object does not affect the characteristics of the
image, so they are easily predictable: located behind the convex
mirror, virtual image, an upright image, reduced in size (smaller than
the object)
TASK 4:
1) Plane mirrors will always do this.
2) Concave mirrors will do this when the object is at C or when the
object is right on the mirror surface.
3) Convex mirrors will only do this when the object is right on the
mirror surface.
4) Plane mirrors and convex mirrors will always produce an
upright image. A concave mirror will only produce an upright
image if the object is located in front of the focal point.
64
Image Characteristics for Convex Mirrors. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07].
Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-4/Image-Characteristics-for-ConvexMirrors
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Behind
bɪˈhaɪnd
za
Convex
ˈkɒnveks
vypouklý
Image formation for
convex mirror
ˈɪmɪdʒ fɔːˈmeɪʃən ˈfɔː
ˈkɒnveks ˈmɪrə
zobrazování vypouklým
zrcadlem
In front of
ˈɪn ˈfrʌnt ˈɒv
Před
Locate
ləʊˈkeɪt
umístit
Look like
lʊk laɪk
vypadat
Object
ˈɒbdʒɪkt
předmět, objekt
Predictable
prɪˈdɪktəbəl
předvídatelný
Understanding
ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ
porozumění
Virtual image
ˈvɜːtʃʊəl ˈɪmɪdʒ
zdánlivý obraz
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mirror Equation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Příklady na výpočet zobrazovací rovnice
jazykový –
Revision of numbers, calculations
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 51
Mirror Equation
SUBJECT:
Physics
51. Mirror Equation
TASK 1:
What do we use Ray diagrams for?
TASK 2:
To obtain the numerical information about image distance and object
size it is necessary to use the Mirror Equation and the Magnification
Equation.
What does each equation express? Give the formulas.
TASK 3:
1. A convex mirror has a focal length of -10.8 cm. An object is
placed 32.7 cm from the mirror's surface. Determine the image
distance.
2. A focal point is located 20.0 cm from a convex mirror. An object
is placed 12 cm from the mirror. Determine the image
distance.65
65
The Mirror Equation. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-07]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-3/The-Mirror-Equation
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ray diagrams can be used to determine the image location, size,
orientation and type of image formed of objects when placed at a
given location in front of a mirror.
TASK 2:
The mirror equation expresses the quantitative relationship between
the object distance (do), the image distance (di), and the focal length
(f). The equation is stated as follows: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di
The magnification equation relates the ratio of the image distance
and object distance to the ratio of the image height (hi) and object
height (ho). The equation is stated as follows: M= hi/ho = -di/do
TASK 3:
1. di = -8.1 cm
Use the equation 1/f = 1/do + 1/di where f = -10.8 cm and do = +
32.7 cm Substitute and solve for di.
2. di = -7.5 cm
Use the equation 1/f = 1/do + 1/di where f = - 20.0 cm and do =
+12.0 cm (Careful: convex mirrors have focal lengths which are negative.)
Substitute and solve for di.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Check
tʃek
ověřit si
Express
ɪkˈspres
vyjádřit
Focal
ˈfəʊkəl
ohniskový
Height
haɪt
výška
Magnification equation
ˌmægnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən ɪˈkweɪʒən
příčné zvětšení
Mirror equation
ˈmɪrə ɪˈkweɪʒən
zobrazovací rovnice
Necessary
ˈnesɪsərɪ
nezbytný
Negative
ˈnegətɪv
záporný
Numerical
njuːˈmerɪkəl
číselný
Obtain
əbˈteɪn
získat
Ratio
ˈreɪʃɪˌəʊ
poměr, podíl
Ray diagram
ˈreɪ ˈdaɪəˌgræm
optické zobrazení
Relationship
rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp
vztah
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Lenses
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Čočky a jejich struktura
jazykový –
Working with the English website
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 52
Lenses
SUBJECT:
Physics
52. Lenses
A lens is an optical device which affects the focusing of a light beam
through refraction. Lenses are made from transparent materials such
as glass and polished to a desired shape.
TASK 1:
Explain the difference between diverging and converging lens.
TASK 2:
Draw a simple diagram showing a lens anatomy. Label its parts with
the terms: principal axis, vertical axis, focal point, focal length.
TASK 3:
What are the most common types of lenses?
TASK 4:
Use the Find the Image Distance widget to investigate the effect of
focal length and object distance upon the image distance.
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/TheMathematics-of-Lenses66
66
The Anatomy of a Lens. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-08]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/The-Anatomy-of-a-Lens
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
A converging lens converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to
its principal axis. A diverging lens diverges rays of light that are
traveling parallel to its principal axis.
TASK 2:
Ss´ own drawings
TASK 3:
A double convex and a double concave lens.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Affect
əˈfekt
ovlivňovat
Common
ˈkɒmən
společný
Converge
kənˈvɜːdʒ
sbíhat, soustředit
Converging lens
kənˈvɜːdʒɪŋ ˈlenz
spojka
Desired
dɪˈzaɪəd
požadovaný
Diverge
daɪˈvɜːdʒ
rozbíhat
Diverging lens
daɪˈvɜːdʒɪŋ ˈlenz
rozptylka
Double concave lens
ˈdʌbəl ˈkɒnkeɪv ˈlenz
dvojdutá čočka
Double convex lens
ˈdʌbəl ˈkɒnveks ˈlenz
dvojvypuklá čočka
Focus
ˈfəʊkəs
zaměřit, zaostřit
Investigate
ɪnˈvestɪˌgeɪt
(pro)zkoumat
Label
ˈleɪbəl
označit
Light beam
ˈlaɪt ˈbiːm
světelný paprsek
Optical device
ˈɒptɪkəl dɪˈvaɪs
optický přístroj
Polished
ˈpɒlɪʃt
vyleštěný
Shape
ʃeɪp
tvar
Transparent
trænsˈpærənt
průhledný
Vertical axis
ˈvɜːtɪkəl ˈæksɪs
svislá osa
Widget
ˈwɪdʒɪt
věcička, udělátko
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Types of Lenses
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Základní druhy čoček
jazykový –
Using specific vocabulary, drilling pronunciation
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 53
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Types of Lenses
53. Types of Lenses
Lenses are classified by the curvature of the two optical surfaces.
TASK 1:
Complete the sentences with the types of lenses
A lens is 1)…………………… if both surfaces are convex. A lens with two
2)
…………… surfaces is 3)………………… If one of the surfaces is flat, the
lens is 4)………………… depending on the curvature of the other surface.
A lens with one convex and one concave side is 5)………………….
TASK 2:
Label the lenses types
Obrázek 20/ Types of Lenses
67
SOLUTION:
67
File:Types of lenses (7) svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-06-08]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Types_of_lenses_(7).svg?uselang=cs
TASK 1:
1) biconvex or double convex, 2) concave, 3) biconcave or double
concave, 4) plano – convex or plano – concave, 5) meniscus
TASK 2:
1. biconvex, 2. biconcave, 3. negative meniscus, 4. plano – concave,
5. plano – convex, 6. positive meniscus, 7. converging meniscus
Dictionary
English
Biconcave / double
concave
Biconvex / double convex
Pronunciation
bʌɪˈkɒnkeɪv / ˈdʌbəl
ˈkɒnkeɪv
bʌɪˈkɒnveks / ˈdʌbəl
ˈkɒnveks
Czech
dvojdutý, dvojvydutý
dvojvypuklý
Classify
ˈklæsɪˌfaɪ
třídit
Convex-concave /
meniscus
ˈkɒnveks ˈkɒnkeɪv /
mɪˈnɪskəs
vypuklodutý
Plano-concave
ˌpleɪnəʊˈkɒnkeɪv
ploskodutý
Plano-convex
ˌpleɪnəʊˈkɒnveks
ploskovypuklý
Side
saɪd
strana
Surface
ˈsɜːfɪs
povrch, plocha
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Convex Lens Image Formation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace poznatků o zobrazování zrcadly
jazykový –
Revision of prepositions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 54
YEAR:
2.
Convex Lens Image Formation
SUBJECT:
Physics
54. Convex Lens Image Formation
TASK 1:
Revise the following terms: converging/diverging lenses, convex lens,
focal point, focal length, parallel axis,
TASK 2:
Decide if the statements are true or false.
1. Diverging lenses can produce both real and virtual images.
2. Converging lenses can only produce virtual images.
3. The process by which images are formed for lenses is the same
as the process by which images are formed for plane and
curved mirrors.68
TASK 3:
Remind the object – image relations. Complete the table.
object position
68
image characteristics
Converging Lenses. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-08]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/Converging-Lenses-Object-Image-Relations
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
1F, 2F, 3T
TASK 3:
object position
beyond the 2F point
at the 2F point
between 2F point and the focal
point F
at the focal point F
in front of the focal point F
image characteristics
inverted, reduced in size
inverted, real size
inverted, larger
no image is formed
behind the object, upright,
enlarged
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Both … and
bəʊθ … ænd
jak … tak, nejen … také
Inverted
ɪnˈvɜːtɪd
převrácený
Process
ˈprəʊses
proces
Real
ˈrɪəl
skutečný, reálný
Relation
rɪˈleɪʃən
spojitost, vztah
Remind
rɪˈmaɪnd
připomenout
Revise
rɪˈvaɪz
zopakovat si
Table
ˈteɪbəl
tabulka
Upright
ˈʌpˌraɪt
přímý (obraz)
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Concave Lens Image Formation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rozdíly v zobrazování různými čočkami
jazykový –
Conditional constructions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 55
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Concave Lens Image Formation Physics
55. Concave Lens Image Formation
TASK 1:
Explain
the
following
terms,
give
the
Czech
equivalents:
converging/diverging lenses, convex lens, focal point, focal length,
parallel axis
TASK 2:
Answer the questions.
 What type of image will be formed by double concave/diverging
lenses?
 Will the characteristics of the image be affected if the location
of an object is changed?
 Will a variation in object distance affects the image distance
and size?
TASK 3:
 How can a converging lens and/or diverging lens be used to
produce a magnified image?
 How can a plane mirror, concave mirror, convex mirror,
converging lens and/or diverging lens be used to produce an
upright image?
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
The image is located on the object' side of the lens, it´s a virtual
upright image, reduced in size (smaller than the object). The location
and distance of the object will not affect the characteristics of the
image.
TASK 3:
Converging lenses will only do this when the object is in front of 2F.
A converging lens will only produce an upright image if the object is
located in front of the focal point.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Answer
ˈɑːnsə
odpovědět
Czech
tʃek
český
Equivalent
ɪˈkwɪvələnt
protějšek, ekvivalent
Form
fɔːm
vytvořit
Magnified
ˈmægnɪˌfaɪd
zvětšený
Parallel axis
ˈpærəˌlel ˈæksɪs
paralelní, rovnoběžná osa
Question
ˈkwestʃən
otázka
Variation
ˌveərɪˈeɪʃən
odchylka, změna
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Lens Dioptric Power
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aplikace zobrazovací rovnice
jazykový –
Converting units, revision of numbers
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 56
Lens Dioptric Power
SUBJECT:
Physics
56. Lens Dioptric Power
TASK 1:
Revision of terms: give the English equivalents to the Czech terms.
čočka, rozptylka, spojka, optická osa, ohnisková vzdálenost, střed
čočky, poloměr zakřivení čočky
Optical power (also referred to as dioptric power) is the degree to
which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges
light. The optical power of a converging lens is positive while the
optical power of a diverging lens is negative.
TASK 2:
 Give the formula for calculating the optical power.
 What is its unit?
 What other terms for optical power are used?
TASK 3:
A converging lens has a focal length of 25 cm. Determine its optical
power.69
69
Optical Power. Physics 534 Ansrwers [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-06-09]. Dostupné z:
http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/physics/AnsPhysics%20Ex-54%20Optical%20Power.pdf
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
Optical power (refractive power, focusing power, or convergence
power) formula is P = 1/f, its unit is dioptre δ
TASK 3:
Convert 25 cm to 0.25 m, P = 1/f = 1/0.25 = 4δ
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Concave / diverging lens
ˈkɒnkeɪv / daɪˈvɜːdʒɪŋ ˈlenz rozptylka
Converge
kənˈvɜːdʒ
sbíhat, soustředit
Convex / converging lens
ˈkɒnveks / kənˈvɜːdʒɪŋ
ˈlenz
spojka
Degree
dɪˈgriː
stupeň, míra
Dioptre
dʌɪˈɒptə
dioptrie
Diverge
daɪˈvɜːdʒ
rozbíhat
Lens dioptric power
ˈlenz dʌɪˈɒptrɪk ˈpaʊə
optická mohutnost čočky
Negative
ˈnegətɪv
záporný
Positive
ˈpɒzɪtɪv
kladný
Revision
rɪˈvɪʒən
opakování
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Lenses Aberrations
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Poruchy čoček
jazykový –
Revision of passive
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 57
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Lenses Aberrations
57. Lenses Aberrations
Lenses do not form perfect images, and there is always some degree
of distortion or aberration which causes the image to be an imperfect
replica of the object. However, it can be minimized by careful design
of the lens system.
TASK 1:
Look at the diagrams below and describe them. How can be each
aberration corrected?
Obrázek 21/ Lenses Aberrations
70
70
File:Lenses aberrations. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-06-11]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lens6a.svg?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Spherical aberration causes beams parallel to, but distant from, the
lens axis to be focused in a slightly different place than beams close
to the axis. Spherical aberration can be minimised by careful choice
of the curvature of the surfaces for a particular application.
Chromatic aberration is caused by the dispersion of the lens
material—the variation of its refractive index, n, with the wavelength
of light. It can be minimised by using an achromatic doublet.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Aberration
ˌæbəˈreɪʃən
odchylka, vada
Achromatic doublet
ˌakrə(ʊ)ˈmatɪk ˈdʌblɪt
achromatický dublet,
achromát
Careful
ˈkeəfʊl
opatrný, pečlivý
Chromatic
krəˈmætɪk
barevný
Close
kləʊz
blízký
Dispersion
dɪˈspɜːʃən
rozklad (světla)
Distortion
dɪˈstɔːʃən
zkreslení, pokřivení
Minimize (BrE also
minimise)
ˈmɪnɪˌmaɪz
snížit na minimum
Particular
pəˈtɪkjʊlə
konkrétní
Perfect x imperfect
ˈpɜːfɪkt x ɪmˈpɜːfɪkt
dokonalý x nedokonalý
Refractive index
rɪˈfræktɪv ˈɪndeks
index lomu
Replica
ˈreplɪkə
replika, kopie
Spherical
ˈsferɪkəl
sférický, kulový
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Eye
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Oko, jeho části a funkce
jazykový –
Group work with distribution of roles/responsibilities
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 58
Eye
SUBJECT:
Physics
58. Eye
THINK!
 Why is it useful to have moving eyes?
 How can spectacles improve people's vision?
 When you walk into a dark room after being outside in bright
sunshine, how do your pupils respond?
Work in groups. Look the required information up on the website and
do the tasks. Tell the other groups about your findings.
http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/physics/phys09/ceyes/default.
htm
TASK 1:
Group 1. List the main parts of the human eye and describe their
function.
TASK 2:
Group 2. What is the retina´s nerve cells role?
TASK 3:
Group 3. How is the image formed?71
71
Vision & Eyesight. Regentsprep.org [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-06-09]. Dostupné z:
http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/physics/phys09/ceyes/image.htm
SOLUTION:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Astigmatism
əˈstɪgməˌtɪzəm
astigmatismus
Blind spot
ˈblaɪnd ˈspɒt
slepá skvrna
Blur
blɜː
rozmazat (se)
Cell
ˈsel
buňka
Cone
kəʊn
čípek
Cornea
ˈkɔːnɪə
rohovka
Hyperopia / farsightedness
ˌhʌɪpərˈəʊpɪə /
ˌfɑːˈsaɪtɪdnəs
dalekozrakost
Improve
ɪmˈpruːv
zlepšit
Iris
ˈaɪrɪs
duhovka
Myopia / nearsightedness
maɪˈəʊpɪə / ˌnɪəˈsaɪtɪdnəs
krátkozrakost
Optic nerve
ˈɒptɪk ˈnɜːv
zrakový nerv
Pupil
ˈpjuːpəl
zornice
Respond
rɪˈspɒnd
odpovědět
Retina
ˈretɪnə
sítnice
Rod
rɒd
tyčinka
Spectacles
ˈspektəkəlz
brýle
Vision
ˈvɪʒən
vidění, zrak
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Eye defects
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vady zraku
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 59
YEAR:
2.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Eye Defects
59. Eye Defects
TASK 1:
Complete the table
Myopia
Hypermetropia Presbyopia
Astigmatism
symptoms
correlation
TASK 2:
What eye defect is shown in each diagram?
Obrázek 22/ Defects of Vision
72
72
Defects of vision. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-06-09]. Dostupné z:
ommons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
symptoms
correlation
Myopia
a person sees
near objects
clearly while
distant objects
appear blurred.
by using a
concave
(diverging) lens
Hypermetropia
a person sees
near objects
with blurred
vision, while
distant objects
appear in sharp
focus
by using a
convex
(converging)
lens
Presbyopia
progressive
form of
farsightedness
that affects
most people by
their early 60s
Astigmatism
a person cannot
simultaneously
focus on both
horizontal and
vertical lines
by using bi-focal
lenses
by using
eyeglasses with
cylindrical
lenses
TASK 2:
From the left to the right: myopia, astigmatism, hypermetropia
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Bi-focal lens
bʌɪˈfəʊk(ə)l ˈlenz
bifokální čočka
Cylindrical lens
sɪˈlɪndrɪkəl ˈlenz
cylidrická čočka
Eye defect
ˈaɪ dɪˈfekt
oční vada
Hypermetropia
ˌhaɪpəmɪˈtrəʊpɪə
dalekozrakost
Presbyopia
ˌprezbɪˈəʊpɪə
stařecká dalekozrakost
Simultaneously
ˌsɪməlˈteɪnɪəslɪ
současně, zároveň
Symptom
ˈsɪmptəm
příznak, symptom
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Optical Instruments
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Nejběžnější optické přístroje a jejich použití
jazykový –
Revision of conditional constructions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 60
Optical instruments
SUBJECT:
Physics
60. Optical Instruments
When you use an optical instrument you're usually trying to make
things look bigger so you can more easily see fine details.
TASK 1:
What type of lenses or mirrors should you use?
TASK 2:
Complete these rules of thumb:
If the object is very far away, the image will be 1)………. and very
2)
……..to the focal point.
If the object moves 3)………… the lens, the image moves 4)……..from
the focal point, growing as it does so.
The object and image are exactly the 5)……….size when the object is at
2F, twice the focal distance from the lens.73
TASK 3:
List the most common optical instruments and say what are they
used for.
73
Optical instruments. PY106 - Elementary Physics [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-06-15]. Dostupné z:
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/PY106/Instruments.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
If you want to make things look bigger, you're always going to use
converging mirrors or lenses. Diverging mirrors or lenses always give
smaller images.
TASK 2:
1)tiny, 2)close, 3)towards, 4)out, 5)same
TASK 3:
Telescope, microscope, magnifying glass, glasses, camera, periscope.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Camera
ˈkæmərə
fotoaparát
Fine
faɪn
jemný, drobný
Glasses
glɑːsɪz
brýle
Magnifying glass
ˈmægnɪˌfaɪŋ ˈglɑːs
lupa, zvětšovací sklo
Microscope
ˈmaɪkrəˌskəʊp
mikroskop
Periscope
ˈperɪˌskəʊp
periskop
Telescope
ˈtelɪˌskəʊp
dalekohled, teleskop
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Binoculars
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Důležité parametry dalekohledu
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 61
SUBJECT:
Physics
Binoculars
61. Binoculars
TASK 1:
Explain the terms porro prism and roof prisms binoculars.
TASK 2:
Name the main parts of a binocular and explain how it works.
Obrázek 23/ Binocular Optical Details
74
TASK 3:
What optical parameters are considered if you want to choose a
binocular?
74
File:Binocular-optics.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2004 [cit. 2015-06-15]. Dostupné z:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Binocular-optics.png?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Binoculars of this type use a Porro prism in a double prism Z-shaped
configuration to erect the image. Roof prisms binoculars are designed
to erect the image and fold the optical path. They have objective
lenses that are approximately in line with the eyepieces.
TASK 3:
For example – magnification, objective diameter, field of view, close
focus distance.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Binoculars
bɪˈnɒkjʊləz / baɪˈnɒkjʊləz
dalekohled
Consider
kənˈsɪdə
(ro)zvážit
Diameter
daɪˈæmɪtə
průměr
Eyepiece
ˈaɪˌpiːs
okulár
Field of view
ˈfiːld əv ˈvjuː
zorné pole
Objective
əbˈdʒektɪv
objektiv
Parameters
pəˈræmɪtəz
kritéria, parametry
Porro prism binoculars
ˈpɒrəʊ ˈprɪzəm
bɪ/baɪˈnɒkjʊlə
Roof prism binoculars
ˈruːf ˈprɪzəm
bɪ/baɪˈnɒkjʊləz
dalekohled s
trojúhelníkovými (porro)
hranoly
dalekohled se střechovými
hranoly
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Photometry
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Fotometrie – základní pojmy
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 62
Photometry
SUBJECT:
Physics
62. Photometry
Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its
perceived brightness to the human eye which is not equally sensitive
to all wavelengths of visible light.
TASK 1:
Do you remember what the visible light is?
Is photometry the same as radiometry?
Explain the terms photopic and scotopic vision.75
TASK 3:
Complete the table with the basic photometric quantities
quantity
unit
lumen
symbol
Luminous
intensity
lx
TASK 3:
What is the practical use of photometry?
75
Radiometry&Photometry. Andor [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-06-10]. Dostupné z:
http://www.andor.com/learning-academy/radiometry-and-photometry-an-overview-of-the-science-ofmeasuring-light
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
We see light of different wavelengths as a continuum of colours
ranging through the visible spectrum: 650 nm is red, 540 nm is green,
450 nm is blue, and so on.
Radiometry is the science of measuring light in any portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
When the eye is adapted to light conditions (photopic vision) or dark
conditions (scotopic vision).
TASK 2:
quantity
Luminous flux
Luminous
intensity
Illuminance
unit
lumen
candela
symbol
lm
cd
lux
lx
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Brightness
ˈbraɪtnɪs
jas(nost)
Candela
kanˈdelə
candela, jednotka
svítivosti
Illuminance
ɪˈl(j)uːmɪnəns
osvětlení
Lumen
ˈluːmen
lumen, jednotka
světelného toku
Luminous flux
ˈluːmɪnəs ˈflʌks
světelný tok
Luminous intensity
ˈluːmɪnəs ɪnˈtensɪtɪ
svítivost
Lux
lʌks
lux, jednotka osvětlení
Measurement
ˈmeʒəmənt
míra
Perceived
pəˈsiːvd
vnímaný, uvědomovaný
Photometry
fə(ʊ)ˈtɒmɪtri
fotometrie
Photopic vision
fəʊˈtɒpɪk ˈvɪʒən
fotopické vidění (denní)
Quantity
ˈkwɒntɪtɪ
veličina
Radiometry
ˌreɪdɪˈɒmətri
radiometrie
Science
ˈsaɪəns
věda, vědní obor
Scotopic vision
skə(ʊ)ˈtɒpɪk ˈvɪʒən
skotopické vidění (noční)
Sensitive
ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪtɪ
citlivost, vnímavost
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Illumination and Hygiene
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Hygienické zásady správného osvětlení
jazykový –
Looking the information up
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 63
YEAR:
2.
Illumination and Hygiene
SUBJECT:
Physics
63. Illumination and Hygiene
Daylight is the best and cheapest source of illumination. It can reduce
energy costs. But modern indoor work environment relies very
heavily on artificial lighting. The appearance, colour and details of the
interior can also be enhanced through appropriate lighting.76
THINK!
 How can the distribution of light in a workplace be improved?
 What uncontrollable natural factors can limit the use of
daylight?
 What is the advantage of local lights?
 Explain the effect of flickering, contrast in lighting and glare
effect on visibility.
TASK 2:
What device is used to measure the level of lighting?
TASK 3:
With the help of the internet try to find out what the optimum
average illumination for different school premises is.
76
Guidelines for Good Occupational Hygiene. Labour.gov.hk [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-06-15].
Dostupné z: http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/oh/GOHP_eng.pdf
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
Lux meter
TASK 3:
Classrooms, laboratories, art rooms, needlework rooms 500lx; music
rooms, sports halls, workshops 300lx.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Appropriate
əˈprəʊprɪət
vhodný, náležitý
Artificial
ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl
umělý
Average
ˈævrɪdʒ
průměrný
Cost
kɒst
výdaj, náklad
Daylight
ˈdeɪˌlaɪt
denní světlo
Enhance
ɪnˈhɑːns
vylepšit, zvýraznit
Flickering
ˈflɪkərɪŋ
blikání, mihotání
Glare
gleə
záře, prudké světlo
Illumination
ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən
osvětlování, osvětlení
Lighting
ˈlaɪtɪŋ
osvětlení
Local lighting
ˈləʊkəl ˈlaɪtɪŋ
místní osvětlení
Lux meter
ˈlʌks ˈmiːtə
luxmetr
Visibility
ˌvɪzɪˈbɪlɪtɪ
viditelnost
Work environment
ˈwɜːk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt
pracovní prostředí
Workplace
ˈwɜːkˌpleɪs
pracoviště
Workshop
ˈwɜːkˌʃɒp
dílna
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Review
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva
jazykový –
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
2.
WORKSHEET NO. 64
Review
SUBJECT:
Physics
64. Review
TASK 1:
Do the simple quiz to revise what you have already known.
Light year is a unit of
A.
time
B.
distance
C.
light
D.
intensity of light
Light from the Sun reaches us in nearly
A.
2 minutes
B.
4 minutes
C.
8 minutes
D.
16 minutes
Pa(Pascal) is the unit for
A.
thrust
B.
pressure
C.
frequency
D.
conductivity
Metals are good conductors of electricity because
A.
they contain free electrons
B.
the atoms are lightly packed
C.
they have high melting point
D.
All of the above
Magnetism at the centre of a bar magnet is
A.
minimum
B.
maximum
C.
zero
D.
minimum or maximum
Lux is the SI unit of
A.
intensity of illumination
B.
luminous efficiency
C.
luminous flux
D.
luminous intensity
RADAR is used for
A.
locating submerged submarines
B.
receiving a signals in a radio receiver
C.
locating geostationary satellites
D.
detecting and locating the position of objects such as aeroplanes
On a rainy day, small oil films on water show brilliant colours.
This is due to
A.
dispersion
B.
interference
C.
diffraction
D.
polarization
Light travels at the fastest speed in
A.
glass
B.
water
C.
hydrogen
D.
vacuum
Radio telescopes are better than optical telescopes because
A.
they can detect faint galaxies which no optical telescope can
B.
they can work even in cloudy conditions
C.
they can work during the day and night
D.
All of the above
SOLUTION:
1C,2B,3C,4B,5A,6B,7C,8A,9B,10D,11B,12C,13D,14D
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Bar magnet
ˈbɑː ˈmægnɪt
tyčový magnet
Cloudy
ˈklaʊdɪ
oblačný, zatažený
Conditions
kənˈdɪʃənz
podmínky
Conductivity
ˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvɪtɪ
vodivost
Detect
dɪˈtekt
zaznamenat, objevit
Diffraction
dɪˈfrakʃn
ohyb (paprsků)
Efficiency
ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ
účinnost
Faint
feɪnt
slabý, sotva patrný
Film
fɪlm
povlak
Geostationary satellite
dʒiːəʊˈsteɪʃənəri ˈsætəlaɪt
stacionární družice
Hydrogen
ˈhaɪdrɪdʒən
vodík
Locate
ləʊˈkeɪt
najít, vypátrat, zaměřit
Magnetism
ˈmægnɪˌtɪzəm
magnetismus
Melting point
ˈmeltɪŋ ˈpɔɪnt
bod tání
Metal
ˈmetəl
kov
Radar
ˈreɪdɑː
radar, radiolokace
Reach
riːtʃ
dorazit, dosáhnout
Receive
rɪˈsiːv
přijímat, chytat
Submarine
ˈsʌbməˌriːn / ˌsʌbməˈriːn
ponorka
Submerged
səbˈmɜːdʒd
ponořený
Thrust
θrʌst
tah, síla

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