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sazbu ve formátu pdf
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Mirek J. Plavec (*1925)
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13
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Pavel Gabzdyl
4. ledna 2001
Dokonalé spojení
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15
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Další supernova vzplála v roce 1054 v Býkovi a dala tak za vznik nejen známé Krabí mlhoYLQDOHWpåGRQHGiYQDMHGLQpPX]QiPpPXSXOVDUXSURND]DWHOQVRXYLVHMtFtPXVKLVWRULckou supernovou.
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17
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11. ledna 2001
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18
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19
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18. ledna 2001
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20
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29. ledna 2001
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-Lt'XãHN úvodník 1. února 2001
22
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není jisté, jak dopadla sonda jako taková.
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12. února 2001
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24
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Historie kosmického výzkumu, vydáno v Los Franciscu v roce 2152.
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25
9ãHFKQRYLGtPHYtFHQHå]HWHOQ popsal tento výsledek Joseph Veverka, vedoucí obrazového týmu Shoemaker/NEAR. =iEU\WRMVRXQDSURVWRIDQWDVWLFNp%\ODWRREURYVNi]NuãHQRVWVHGW]GHYtGtFtPVWHGLVNXDVSROXVHVRQGRXVHVWXSRYDWNSRYUFKX6QtPN\WRWLå
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zvláštní oblast, jakoby zkolabované klenby.
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místa – u okraje rozsáhlé prolákliny Himeros, na rozhraní dvou geologicky rozdílných oblastí.
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1\QtNG\åMVPHSLVWiOLVWiYiVHQDãtPKODYQtPFtOHPPHQtJDPDVSHNWURPHWUHP prozradil další studium Robert Nelson z týmu mise Shoemaker/NEAR. Tento detektor ze
27
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-Lt'XãHN
15. února 2001
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Aktuální informace nás hrozí zavalit a tak se pro kontrast podívejme trochu do historie.
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SHGWtP D WDN GQHV ]QiPH QDOH]HQi SHGREMHYRYi SR]RURYiQt ] +DUYDUGVNp REVHUYDWRH
z roku 1893 a 1894.
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-HGQtP]HVpULHWVQêFKSLEOtåHQtN=HPLE\ORWR]URNX=DWpWRVORY\]QiPpKRþHského astronoma Vincence Nechvíleho, "památné opozice" byl Eros fotografován i v Praze
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Jana Tichá
15. února 2001
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3OXWRVWRNUiWMLQDN3OXWRNWHUpXåQNROLNUiWUR]ERXLORKODGLQXVYWRYpDVWURQRPLFNpNoPXQLW\MHRSWQDVFpQ
Newyorské Haydenovo planetárium si dovolilo v rámci expozice v novém Rose Center for
Earth and SpaceSUH]HQWRYDW3OXWRPLPRREY\NOêFKGHYWSODQHWVOXQHþQtVRXVWDY\9Sálu
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•
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planety zemského typu
pás planetek
REtSODQHW\
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WDNpåHMHOHSãtSUH]HQWRYDW SOiQRYDQRXVRQGX N 3OXWXMDNR]DKiMHQtSU$]NXPX SiVXQRY
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pod názvem "Pluto není planetou? Pouze v New Yorku". Diskuse o postavení Pluta ve sluQHþQt VRXVWDY VH RYãHP YHGRX MLå GORXKR YODVWQ Xå RG MHKR REMHYX =QRYX MH UR]YtLOD
v roce 199LQLFLDWLYDRþtVORYDW3OXWRMDNRSODQHWNXþtVORDGiWPXWDNGYRMtREþDnVWYt±]DDGLWMHMPH]LSODQHW\D]iURYHPH]LWUDQVQHSWXQLFNiWOHVD
30
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Vedle mne sedící Dave Jewitt, objevitel prvního a mnoha dalších TNOs ovšem hlasoval pro
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Jana Tichá
22. února 2001
31
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instalace laboratorního modulu Destiny.
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MDNRVWDYHEQLFHVSRMRYDO\DåYHYHVPtUX1DREåQRXGUiKXE\MHSLWRPY\YiåHOSHGHYãtP
raketoplán. Ten by zajistil i další obsluhu.
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navíc, pomocí svých lodí Sojuz a Progress, v prvních letech zajistilo pravidelnou obsluhu
celé základny.
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ekonomických problémech. %\O\ RNDPåLN\ NG\ E\ VHQNWHt ] QiVQHMUDGMLVFKRYDOL Qkam pod postel," prohlásil jeden z vedoucích projektu Jim Van Laak. Notorický nedostatek
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k likvidaci celého projektu.
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na stanici.
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33
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-Lt'XãHN
22. února 2001
0DU"DQVNi*UHHQZLFK
U nás na Zemi to máme jednoduché. Polohu nultého poledníku, od kterého se rozvíjí ladná
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34
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vaše noha na východní a druhá na západní polokouli.
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v Greenwich.
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ale šikovný.
-Lt'XãHN
26. února 2001
35
Do horoucích pekel
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36
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37
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38
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39
Start prvního modulu Miru, 19. února 1986, byl nejen úsvitem nové doby, ale také symboOHPQRYpKRStVWXSXD]QDþQpKRXYROQQtQHStMHPQpDWPRVIpU\SDQXMtFtYWHKGHMãtP6RYtVNpPVYD]X'RFHOpKRVYWDKRSHQiãHODWHOHYL]HDGLYiFLWDNSRSUYpQDYODVWQtRþLVKOpGOL
do té doby utajovanou raketu Proton.
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Interkosmosu a politické propagace.
40
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V prosinci roku 1988 došlo k další zajímavé události: Francouzský astronaut Jean Loup&KUHWLHQY\VWRXSLOGRYROQpKRNRVPLFNpKRSURVWRUX3RSUYpVHWDN]iVWXSFHMLQpKRQHåDPeULFNpKRDUXVNpKRQiURGDY]QiãHOYROQQDG=HPtYHYêãFHQHFHOêFKþW\VHWNLORPHWU$
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41
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42
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svou vlastní." James Thurber.
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v únoru 1977 dostal šéfkonstruktér Jurij Semjonov a technik V. Morozov jedno z nejvyšších
48
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Zatímco vojenské základny – vybavené silnými dalekohledy, radary a ve fantazii konstrukWpU$LQHMU$]QMãtPL]EUDQPL±ãO\NOHGXFLYLOQtVWDQLFHSHãO\NHGUXKpJHQHUDFL"Zprávy
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se se stanicí navíc spojil Kosmos 1267. Šlo o prototyp modulu budoucích základen.
49
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50
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existuje.
V roce 1976 objevil geolog Jack B. Hartung v kronice Gervase Canterburského záznam
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Giordano Bruno.
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vHYURSVNêFKDUDEVNêFKþLDVLjských kronikách té doby.
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z astronomického hledisNDY]QLNOWHSUYHQHGiYQRWDNåH0VtFVHSRWRPWRQiUD]XMHãWQeuklidnil".
51
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Pavel Gabzdyl
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52
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inspirující.
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parkovišti!" NNGRQNGHRWRþLOY\StQDþHPD7HVFRVHY]iSWt]DåHKOR
-Lt'XãHN úvodník 12. dubna 2001
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Velký impaktní kráter, který by kosmická katastrofa musela na Zemi zanechat, dosud ne]QiPH3HVWRDOH~GDMQYJHRORJLFNpPLQXORVWL]DQHFKDODYL]LWNX7RXE\PO\EêWNRmplexy uhlíkových molekul zvané buckminsterfullereny (C60), obohacené o izotopy vzácných
53
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Pavel Gabzdyl
12. dubna 2001
Skrytá hmota odhalena?
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1951, 1987 a 1994, ukazuje sekvence na další stránce.)
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18. dubna 2001
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26. dubna 2001
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Cosi fan tutte
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"lovci exoplanet" Geoffreyem Marcym a Paulem Butlerem, nedávno ohlásili podrobnosti:
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akademie plk. doc. Ing. Karel Kotek. Astronauti a kosmonauti shlédnou videoprezentaci
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sklípku s cimbálovkou.
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s poznatky matematiky, fyziky, chemie, biologie a geologie.
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jsou opravdu hluboko v jeho genech.
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Michal Švanda
8. listopadu 2001
101
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04:15 Spím.
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po deseti minutách nebyl patrný. Zkouším se také dívat skrz triedr (7 x 50), ve kterém má
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04:49 Jirka volá zpátky Michalovi, aby šel poslat IAN alert.
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Jana Adamcová
8. listopadu 2001
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103
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ani nikde jinde.
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106
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111
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112
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se vrátili k nám nasávat další astronomické informace.
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Tomáš Gráf, úvodník 17. prosince 2001
Prásk!
)DNWHPMHåHNROHPURNXSHGQDãtPOHWRSRþWHPGRãORQD6WHGQtPYêFKRGNUDGiNiOQtPX]ORPX=QLþHKRQLF]PL]HOR]SRYUFKX]HPVNpKRQNROLNVWRYHNVtGHOGRE\EURn]RYp3URVSHUXMtFtYHVQLFHDYHVQLþN\RG0H]RSRWiPLHSHVGQHãQt,]UDHO(J\SWDåSRHcNR OLGp QDMHGQRX RSXVWLOL D QHER URYQRX ]FHOD ]OLNYLGRYDOL 9 FHQWUiOQtP ,UiNX QDStNODG
]PL]HOD$NNDGVNiFLYLOL]DFHVWDMHPQêPQDS$OP\WRORJLFNêPYOiGFHP6DUJRQHPY(J\SW
GRãODQDNRQHFFHVW\SiWiG\QDVWLHIDUDyQ$NWHUêPYGþtP]DQiGKHUQpS\UDPLG\UR]SOynuly se i osady ve Svaté zemi.
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%\ODWRYSRGVWDWþLUiQiKRGD komentoval objev doktor Sharad Master. 9þDVRSLVXMVHP
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.UiWHUOHåtYEDåLQDWpREODVWL$Oµ$PDUDKMHQRPGYDFHWNLORPHWU$RGVRXWRNX(XIUDWXD7LgULGX.Y$OLGtYMãtPXYRMHQVNpPXY\XåLWtWpWRREODVWLE\ODSUROiNOLQDY\SOQQiYRGRXQaYtFRENORSHQi]KUXEDS$ONLORPHWUXWHPQêPSUVWHQFHP1DVYWORERåtVHGRVWDODåSRþisWHþQpPRGYRGQQtPRNLQWDNåHGQHVQDVDWHOLWQtFKVQtPFtFKY\SDGiMDNREDUHYQiVNYUQD
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3. ledna 2002
114
Obsah
3iUVORYRWpWRNQtåFH .............................................................................................................. 5
Redakce Instantních astronomických novin ........................................................................... 6
ýHVNRVORYHQVNêDVWURQRPVWROHWt ...................................................................................... 9
=DWPQt0VtFH]0VtFH ..................................................................................................... 14
Dokonalé spojení .................................................................................................................. 14
-DNVHURGtKY]G\" ............................................................................................................... 17
Krása symetrie ...................................................................................................................... 19
Nanebevstoupení snadno a rychle......................................................................................... 22
9þQêSROLEHNQDGREURXQRF ............................................................................................... 24
'YPRPHQWN\]KLVWRULHMHGQpSODQHWN\.............................................................................. 27
3RWtåHV3OXWHPSRNUDþXMt ..................................................................................................... 29
1DNROLNSLMGH" .................................................................................................................... 31
0DU"DQVNi*UHHQZLFK .......................................................................................................... 33
Do horoucích pekel............................................................................................................... 35
'MLQ\0LUX .......................................................................................................................... 38
=QHEHVQDQiVVKOtåt9DUXQD ................................................................................................ 43
Cesta k Miru ......................................................................................................................... 44
.RQHFMHGQRKRPVtþQtKRPêWX............................................................................................ 50
=S$VRELODY\K\QXWtWULORELW$NRVPLFNiNDWDVWURID"............................................................... 52
Skrytá hmota odhalena?........................................................................................................ 53
Haló, taxi! ............................................................................................................................. 55
3LVWiOLOLGpQD0VtFL".......................................................................................................... 58
3LRQHHUVWiOHåLMH............................................................................................................. 60
0DUVEH]WYiH....................................................................................................................... 61
Vesmír na prodej! ................................................................................................................. 64
Mars v prachu ....................................................................................................................... 67
Cosi fan tutte......................................................................................................................... 71
Deep Space 1: Cíl na dohled................................................................................................. 72
%RUHOO\YQHJOLåp................................................................................................................... 74
115
3tEKQHSRODSLWHOQêFKQHXWULQ ............................................................................................. 75
Vesmírná disko-koule ........................................................................................................... 80
2EORKDQDGGLJLWiOQtPIR"iNHP............................................................................................ 82
Kuk na Ceres! ....................................................................................................................... 87
6OHWDVWURQDXW$±GHQSRGQL.................................................................................................. 88
6OHWDVWURQDXW$±QiODG\GRMP\DXSRPtQN\ ........................................................................ 92
-DNMVHPNRQHþQYLGOSROiUQt]iL ................................................................................... 99
-DNMVHPNRQHþQYLGODSROiUQt]iL................................................................................ 101
([LVWXMHåLYRWPLPRSODQHWX=HPL" .................................................................................... 102
+Y]GQiREORKDY deseti terabytech ................................................................................... 107
.ROLNNRVPLFNêFK]DELMiN$QDQiVþHNi" ........................................................................... 110
Prásk! .................................................................................................................................. 112
Obsah .................................................................................................................................. 114
3RXåLWpVQtPN\.................................................................................................................... 115
3RXåLWpVQtPN\
Dokonalé spojení, NASA/McGill/V. Kaspi et al, -DN VH URGt KY]G\", ESO News Release 01/01,
Krása symetrie, WIYN/NOAO/NSF, 'YPRPHQWN\] historie jedné planetky, The Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, 1D NROLN SLMGH", NASA, 0DU"DQVNi
Greenwich, NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems, Do horoucích pekel, NASA, 'MLQ\ 0LUX,
NASA, Russian Space Agency, .RQHFMHGQRKRPVtþQtKR PêWX, NASA, Skrytá hmota odhalena?,
Nigel C. Hambly (University of Edinburgh), Simon T. Hodgkin (Cambridge University), 3LVWiOLOLGp
QD0VtFL", Kreslavsky, Shkuratov, 0DUVEH]WYiH, NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems, Vesmír na prodej, HO/WirePix, Mars v prachu, NASA, James Bell (Cornell Univ.), Michael Wolff (Space
Science Inst.), the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), Borelly vQHJOLåp, JPL/NASA, 3tEK Qepolapitelných neutrin, ICRR (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research), The University of Tokyo, Obloha
QDGGLJLWiOQtPIR"iNHP5XGROI1RYiN+Y]GiUQDDSODQHWiULXP0.RSHUQtNDY%UQKuk na Ceres!, Joel W. Parker, 6OHWDVWURQDXW$-Lt.RUGXOiN+Y]GiUQDÒSLFH([LVWXMHåLYRWPLPRSODQHWX
Zemi?, NASA, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), Obloha v deseti terabytech, The Hubble
Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).
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116
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+Y]GiUQDDSODQHWiULXP0LNXOiãH.RSHUQtNDY %UQ
Instantní astronomické noviny
Brno 2002
1iNODGNXV$Y\GiQtSUYQt
7\SRJUDILHDVD]ED-Lt'XãHN
3tSUDYDIRWRJUDILt0DUHN.RODVD
Autor obálky Rudolf Novák
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