GAAV 2007 - Lukas Synek - Ústav experimentální botaniky
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GAAV 2007 - Lukas Synek - Ústav experimentální botaniky
Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR Základní list A1 Návrh juniorského badatelského grantového projektu Identifikační kód KJB600380802 01 Grantový projekt Název Transkriptom mutanta exo70A1 a buněčné funkce EXO70A1, předpokládané podjednotky komplexu exocyst, u Arabidopsis thaliana 02 Navrženo k projednání v oborové radě 6 podobor 608 03 Doba řešení grantového projektu (v rocích) 3 tj. od začátku roku 2008 do konce roku 2010 04 Charakteristika grantového projektu Komplex exocyst se v buňce účastní finálních kroků exocytózy. Vzhledem k odlišnostem živočišných a kvasinkových buněk, kde byl doposud studován, od buňky rostlinné můžeme u rostlin předpokládat i řadu rozdílných funkcí. O významu komplexu exocyst u rostlin svědčí například dramaticky změněný fenotyp mutantů Arabidopsis v genu EXO70A1 kódujícím velmi pravděpodobně jednu z osmi podjednotek tohoto komplexu. Na popis mutantů exo70A1, který jsme provedli v rámci předchozího výzkumu, bychom chtěli navázat jejich detailnější analýzou. Zejména analýza kompletního transkriptomu mutantů exo70A1 pomocí tzv. DNA čipu jistě odhalí interagující geny a ukáže na další možné funkce EXO70A1. Tento projekt by měl přispět pomocí molekulárně biologických a mikroskopických technik (např. imunolokalizace, GFP fúze, farmakologie) k detailnějšímu poznání role EXO70A1, resp. exocystu, v rostlinné buňce. 05 Uchazeč (I) Oficiální název instituce Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, v. v. i. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 1/23 Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cover Sheet A1/A Grant Application Identification code KJB600380802 01 Project Title Transcriptome of the exo70A1 mutant and cellular roles of EXO70A1, a putative subunit of the exocyst complex, in Arabidopsis thaliana 02 Summary The exocyst complex is involved in final steps of exocytosis. Cell functions of the exocyst have been studied in yeast and animal cells, however due to sessile biology of the plant cell, plant specific functions could be expected. As suggested by a discernible phenotype of mutants in EXO70A1 gene, coding for one of eight putative exocyst subunits, the importance of the exocyst in plants (Arabidopsis) is evident. In this project, we would like to continue detailed analysis of exo70A1 mutants that were generally described in our previous research. We plan to begin with transcriptomic approach using microarray DNA chips analysis that could reveal gene interactions of EXO70A1 and could point to its functions. Employing techniques of molecular biology and microscopy such as immunolocalization, GFP fusions and pharmacology, this project should contribute to more detailed understanding of functions of EXO70A1 and exocyst, respectively, in the plant cell. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 2/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR Základní list A2/I 06 Uchazeč (I) - Navrhovatel Tituly Jméno Příjmení Mgr. Lukáš Synek Věd. hodnost Státní příslušnost Česká republika Oficiální název instituce Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, v. v. i. Doplňující údaje o pracovišti (např. u VŠ fakulta, katedra nebo ústav) Oficiální zkratka názvu: ÚEB Typ organizace: VVI IČ: 61389030 Ulice Místo Rozvojová 263 Praha 6 - Lysolaje PSČ Tel. Fax 165 00 225106111 225106456 E-mail [email protected] Bankovní spojení / příslušnost k resortu Banka Organizační jednotka: název Kód 07 Kontaktní adresa navrhovatele Název Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR Ulice Místo Rozvojová 263 Praha 6 - Lysolaje PSČ Tel. 165 00 225106458 Fax E-mail: [email protected] 08 Údaje o řešitelském týmu na pracovišti uchazeče (I) Počet tvůrčích pracovníků 1 , doktorandů 1 , ostatních 0.45 , doktorandů 0.25 , ostatních , doktorandů 1 , ostatních , doktorandů 0.25 , ostatních Přepočtená pracovní kapacita tvůrčích pracovníků 09 Souhrnné údaje o řešitelském týmu Počet tvůrčích pracovníků 1 Celková přepočtená pracovní kapacita tvůrčích pracovníků 0.45 Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 3/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR Základní list A3 10 Kódová označení oboru UNESCO: 2415.00 CEP & RIV: EA 2417.19 EB 11 Adresa web-stránky projektu, pokud existuje 12 Klíčová slova česky anglicky EXO70; buněčná morfogeneze; exocytóza; exocyst; Arabidopsis thaliana; transkriptom EXO70; cell morphogenesis; exocytosis; exocyst; Arabidopsis thaliana; transcriptome 13 Upozornění na vhodné oponenty v daném oboru - Specialisté (zejména zahraniční), kteří se mohou kvalifikovaně k projektu vyjádřit (úplná adresa, e-mail, fax) 14 Ochrana duševního vlastnictví - Pokud je třeba, uveďte pracovníky (nejvýše 3, případně tým jednoho pracoviště), kteří nemají být s návrhem seznámeni nebo kteří by se neměli k projektu vyjadřovat. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 4/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR List A4/I 10 Seznam členů řešitelského týmu a jejich pracovní kapacita Uchazeč Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, v. v. i. Pracovní kapacita Tituly, jméno, příjmení a vědecká hodnost (%) Navrhovatel: Mgr. Lukáš Synek Rodné číslo 45 790822/1123 25 840425/8082 Tvůrčí pracovníci Doktorandi Ivan Kulich Ostatní pracovníci Celková pracovní kapacita 70 Navrhovatel souhlasí s tím, že údaje uvedené v návrhu projektu budou uloženy v interním databázovém systému GA AV a že s návrhem (s výjimkou rodných čísel) budou seznámeny osoby, které se budou podílet na jeho hodnocení. V případě udělení grantu souhlasí s předáním údajů do centrální evidence projektů výzkumu a vývoje. Datum: Navrhovatel (podpis): Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 _________________________ 5/23 Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Sheet B Justification of the proposal Transcriptome of the exo70A1 mutant and cellular roles of EXO70A1, a putative subunit of the exocyst complex, in Arabidopsis thaliana 1) Introduction Precise regulation of localized cell expansion and cell division is essential for plant cell morphogenesis. The major morphogenetic process in plant cell, exocytosis, consists in interaction of vesicle trafficking and cytoskeleton. Many regulatory proteins such as RAB GTPases and ARF GTPases participate in delivery of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Before the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane mediated by SNARE proteins, a multimeric complex called exocyst acts as a tethering complex. The exocyst specifies the vesicle docking site on the plasma membrane which is demonstrated by its localization to specific domains of the plasma membrane characterized by local maxima of secretion. Thus, the exocyst is crucial for spatially localized secretion. In yeast, the exocyst localizes at sites of extensive polarized vesicle exocytosis (Hsu et al., 1999): e.g. the tip and neck of budding yeast (TerBush and Novick, 1995); at the furrow of dividing fission yeast (Fielding et al., 2005). In polarized animal epithelial cells, the exocyst is responsible for targeting proteins to the basolateral membrane and localizes to the region of tight junctions (Yeaman et al., 2004); in neuronal cells, the exocyst is present at the tip of growing neurite (Vega and Hsu, 2001). The exocyst was originally described in yeast as the so called sec6/8 complex (TerBush et al., 1996). Based on sequence homology the mammalian exocyst was subsequently characterized (Kee et al., 1997). In both yeast and mammals, the exocyst complex consists of eight subunits called Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, Sec10, Sec15, Exo70, and Exo84 (Guo et al., 1999; Matern et al., 2001). Evidence for the exocyst complex in plants Homologs to all eight exocyst subunits have been identified in silico in plant genomes, including Arabidopsis thaliana (Cvrčková et al., 2001; Eliáš et al., 2003; Jurgens and Geldner, 2002). It remains to be demonstrated whether exocyst subunits assemble in a complex and share the same functions in plants as in yeast and animals. However, recent studies performed in our laboratory suggest that the homologous proteins do form a complex similar to the yeast and animal exocyst (Hála and Žárský, unpublished). In addition, an electron tomographic analysis of cell plate formation during cytokinesis of somatic cells and pollen development in Arabidopsis (Otegui and Staehelin, 2004; Segui-Simarro et al., 2004) uncovered the existence of 24 nm long structures that tethers membrane vesicles, resembling the mammalian exocyst as observed in the electron microscope (Hsu et al., 1998). Furthermore, a maize roothairless1 mutation, which is manifested by the failure of root hair primordia to elongate properly, was shown to result from a disruption of SEC3 gene (Wen et al., 2005). Phenotypic analysis of a series of T-DNA insertion mutants in the Arabidopsis SEC8 gene revealed that the putative SEC8 exocyst subunit is necessary for pollen tube germination (Cole et al., 2005). These findings suggest that the exocyst is conserved in plants and may be involved in cytokinesis and polarized exocytosis. Plant homologs of exocyst subunits Exocyst subunits are typically encoded by single genes. However, bioinformatic analysis of plant Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 6/23 genomes performed in our laboratory revealed that plant homologs of exocyst subunits are often encoded by multiple genes in contrast to yeast and animals (Eliáš et al., 2003; Synek et al., 2006). For example, Arabidopsis has only SEC6 and SEC8 subunits represented as single-copy genes. On the other hand, it has two SEC3, SEC5, SEC10 and SEC15 paralogs and three EXO84 paralogs. The total number of EXO70 paralogs, however, reaches to 23 genes (one of them unfunctional) that can be classified into eight clusters. The same number of EXO70 paralogs was also identified independently by Cannon et al. (2004). Even larger family of EXO70 genes was found in rice, where the total number of likely functional EXO70 genes is 39. Also in the poplar genome (Populus trichocarpa), multiple EXO70 genes count 26 paralogs and one probable pseudogene. The multiplication of the EXO70 gene seems to be common in angiosperm plants. The ongoing research aims to elucidate whether multiplied EXO70 genes possess redundant, overlapping or different functions. Structure and functions of EXO70 Plant EXO70 proteins typically comprise 600-700 amino acid residues, with predicted molecular weight mostly in the range between 70 and 80 kDa, which is very similar to the size of the human (684 aa / 78.1 kDa) and S. cerevisiae (623 aa / 71.3 kDa) Exo70. Recently Dong et al. (2005) and Hamburger et al. (2006) determined the structure of the yeast Exo70 (except the very N-terminus) and revealed that the protein forms a rod composed of contiguous a-helical bundles comprising 19 helices separated by loops. In both yeast and animals the Exo70 subunit is known, together with Sec3, as a spatial marker at the plasma membrane (Matern et al., 2001; Boyd et al., 2004; Roumanie et al., 2005), where the exocyst complex is eventually being assembled. Apart from interactions with other exocyst subunits, Exo70 is known to interact with Rho3 and Rho4 GTPases, modulating cytoskeleton dynamics in S. cerevisiae (Adamo et al., 1999; Robinson et al., 1999). In the fission yeast Sch. pombe, interaction of Rho3 with Exo70 is instrumental in the last step of cytokinesis called abscission (Wang et al., 2003). There are preliminary reports about Exo70-interacting proteins in yeast and mammals that point to the possibility that Exo70 may have a role in the nucleus as a chromatin component (e.g. BIND database at http://bind.ca - complex 11988). Exo70 was also shown to co-localize with microtubules and mitotic spindles in rat kidney cells (Wang et al., 2004). Similar to Sec5, Sec6 and Sec15, Exo70 was capable of inhibiting tubulin polymerization, modulating, thus, microtubule dynamics. 2) Preliminary data After finding multiple EXO70 genes within the Arabidopsis genome, we wanted to gain insight into the developmental and organ-specific regulation of the expression of individual EXO70 genes. We analyzed the publicly available Affymetrix ATH1 Arabidopsis genome array data in the Genevestigator database (Zimmermann et al., 2004). Except for EXO70A3 (probably an inactive pseudogene), EXO70H4, and EXO70H6, all other 20 EXO70 genes are detectable at least in one microarray experiment. We identified EXO70A1 as the most strongly expressed EXO70 gene in Arabidopsis (except for pollen). In addition, EXO70A1 is the most likely candidate for the genuine exocyst subunit as it has the highest sequence similarity to other eukaryotes. Therefore, we characterized two independent T-DNA insertional mutants (SALK Institute) of the EXO70A1 gene (exo70A1-1 and exo70A1-2). Heterozygous EXO70A1/exo70A1 plants appear normal and segregate in 1:2:1 ratio, suggesting that neither male nor female gametophytes are affected by the EXO70A1 disruption. However, both exo70A1-1 and exo70A1-2 homozygotes exhibit a suite of phenotypic defects (Synek et al., 2006). Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 7/23 Homozygotes are dwarfish, organs are generally smaller, and plants show loss of apical dominance. Inflorescences are recurrently branched due to ectopic initiation of lateral inflorescences instead of flowers. The life span of exo70A1-1 and exo70A1-2 is about five months, i.e. more than twice as long as wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Mutant roots grow slower, exhibit skewing direction opposite to the wild type and lack waving phenotype. Last two features are tempting to speculate that tubulin cytoskeleton could be affected by EXO70A1 disruption. Polar growth of root hairs is blocked or reduced depending on the content of sucrose in growing medium. Involvement of EXO70A1 in polar growth would be consistent with the known function of the exocyst in polarized exocytosis. Etiolated 7-day-old seedlings of both exo70A1 mutants develop 30% shorter hypocotyls than wild type. Detailed analysis revealed no difference in average lengths of epidermal cells in hypocotyls, but number of epidermal cells forming one file was significantly decreased. Nevertheless, a class of longest cells (> 800 mm) present normally in wild type was missing in mutant hypocotyls. These results show that EXO70A1 is involved in both cell division and cell elongation in etiolated hypocotyls. Both exo70A1 mutants have dramatically reduced fertility because homozygous exo70A1 mutants, in contrast to heterozygotes, are impaired in production of mature pollen. Thus, seeds from homozygotes can be harvested only very rarely. Additionally, elongation of stigmatic papillae is disturbed similar to polar growth of root hairs. These observations suggest that the putative exocyst subunit, EXO70A1, is involved in cell and organ morphogenesis. Many phenotypic defects of exo70A1 mutants could be explained by dysfunction of the exocyst complex. We raised polyclonal antibodies against several putative subunits of the plant exocyst, EXO70A1, EXO70G1, SEC3, SEC5, SEC6 and SEC8. Using anti-SEC3, anti-SEC6 and anti-SEC8 antibodies, respective proteins were localized by indirect immunofluorescence in tips of tobacco pollen tubes. Furthermore, we have studied intracellular localization of EXO70A1, EXO70G1, SEC6, SEC8 and SEC10 using transient expression assays of GFP-fusions overexpressed under the 35S promoter in tobacco leaves. Proteins were localized along plasma membrane, accumulated in invaginations and elongations, and in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells. EXO70G1-GFP was also partly localized in the nucleus (Eliáš et al., 2003; Drdová, unpublished). The yeast two-hybrid screening identified three possible interactors of EXO70A1: tRNA ligase and two unknown proteins. We also started to characterize the putative exocyst subunits biochemically, employing different types of chromatography followed by immunodetection and/or mass spectroscopy. Preliminary results showed that seven subunits of the predicted exocyst, including EXO70A1, co-fractionate as a high-molecular weight complex in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension culture. 3) Aims of the project This project is connected to the finishing project IAA6038410 "The characterization of Exo70 subunit family of tethering complex exocyst in Arabidopsis" that was focused on the multiplicity of EXO70 gene family in Arabidopsis and on the interaction of EXO70 with other subunits of the putative plant exocyst complex. The project IAA6038410 revealed EXO70A1 as the main EXO70 in Arabidopsis. Therefore, we would like to continue detailed study of EXO70A1 plant and cellular function. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 8/23 Our working hypothesis is that EXO70A1 represents a subunit of the plant exocyst complex. Although the presence of the exocyst in the plant cell has not been published yet, data from our laboratory and recent articles suggest that plants do very likely have the exocyst complex (Cole et al., 2005; Wen et al., 2005). More detailed knowledge in EXO70A1 localization, interaction and functions is crucial to prove our hypothesis. We intend to compare the complete transcriptome of the exo70A1 mutants to the wild type using microarray approach. This efficient high-throughput screening should uncover molecular mechanisms related to EXO70A1 functions. Employing methods of both GFP fusions and indirect immunofluorescence, we would like to visualize EXO70A1 and describe its localization within the cell cycle. We are going to determine the relationship of EXO70A1 and cytoskeleton, because our observation on mutant roots has suggested a possible interaction. Using split GFP system we would like to verify possible EXO70A1 interactors. Last but not least, we are planning to continue characterization of exo70A1 mutants. Our preliminary data suggest that at least some features of the mutant phenotype result from deficiency in exocytosis as expected for compromised function of a mutant exocyst subunit. 4) Experimental plan A) Transcriptome analysis As the first attempt for transcriptome analysis we will cultivate a large amount of exo70A1 and wild-type seedlings in darkness. Etiolated mutant seedlings exhibit 30% shorter hypocotyls. Thus, deregulation of plant morphogenesis caused by EXO70A1 disruption will be pronounced. RNA from mutant and control 7-day-old seedlings will be extracted and send for commercial microarray analysis (NASC's International Affymetrix Service) using Arabidopsis DNA chip. Acquired data will be analyzed. Results gained from this survey might consequently help to specify or justify further experiments. B) Localization of EXO70A1 In addition to previously constructed EXO70A1-GFP fusion expressed under the strong 35S promoter, we intend to prepare an expression construct of EXO70A1-GFP under the EXO70A1 native promoter. We would also like to construct EXO70A1 with GFP inserted in an internal loop of the protein. These constructs will be used for transient Agrobacterium-mediated expression of EXO70A1-GFP in tobacco leaves, and stable expression in Arabidopsis. After the previous basic localization of EXO70A1, we would like to describe its localization within the cell cycle. We will also transform exo70A1 mutants with these constructs to complement EXO70A1 disruption. We are also going to visualize EXO70A1 within the cell cycle using indirect immunofluorescence. The material for immunolocalization will vary from whole-mount Arabidopsis seedlings and Arabidopsis suspension to pollen tubes. Although we raised a mouse polyclonal anti-EXO70A1 antibody, it will be necessary (due to limited amount of this stock) to produce a new recombinant EXO70A1, and immunize more mice. In case of high specificity of new anti-EXO70A1 antibody, we will perform immuno-gold electron microscopy (in collaboration with Prof. Derksen, University of Nijmegen). C) Relationship of EXO70A1 to the cytoskeleton First, using purified recombinant EXO70A1 protein, we plan to perform the Tubulin polymerization in vitro assay as described in Wang et al. (2004) to reveal possible effect of EXO70A1 on tubulin polymerization as it has in animal cells. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 9/23 Second, will cross exo70A1 mutants to lines expressing MAP4-GFP (a marker of tubulin cytoskeleton) and to talin-GFP (a marker of actin cytoskeleton) which will provide an insight to possible changes of the cytoskeleton in exo70A1 mutants. Third, we intend to use whole-mount immunolocalization to visualize both tubulin and actin cytoskeleton in mutant seedlings, namely in roots, and compare the pattern to the wild type. We will also try to perform double labeling of EXO70A1 and cytoskeleton to consider possible co-localization. Fourth, we would like to find out causes for the opposite skewing (spirality) of mutant roots. Therefore, we plan to cultivate plants on vertical agar plates containing microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing drugs such as taxol, oryzalin, propyzamid, nocodazole (and actin-destabilizing drug cytochalasin). Phenotype of treated roots could help to recognize the relationship of EXO70A1 to cytoskeleton. We also intend to observe (by immunolabeling of cytoskeleton) the recovery of cytoskeleton after a short-time treatment with drugs mentioned above. D) EXO70A1 interactors The yeast two-hybrid screening done previously identified three possible interactors of EXO70A1: tRNA ligase and two unknown proteins. We would like to obtain Arabidopsis mutants in these genes, perform a basic analysis and cross them to exo70A1 mutants. We are planning to take advantage of the split GFP system and involve it in testing for interactions of EXO70A1 with candidate proteins (incl. putative exocyst subunits). In contrast to the yeast two-hybrid system, this latest system allows to identify protein interactions within the cytoplasm and with membrane proteins. E) Phenotypic analysis We will continue especially detailed microscopic analysis of exo70A1 mutants, for example stomata function, stigmatic papillae elongation, root and floral meristem anatomy, length of root cells, hypocotyl cells and cells of stamen filaments. Crossing to mutants in other putative plant exocyst subunits (SEC3, SEC6, SEC8, SEC15 and EXO84) and analysis of hybrid plants is also planned. 5) Time schedule 1st year: We will start this project with the transcriptome analysis. Constructs for EXO70A1-GFP expression and for the split GFP system will be prepared and sequenced. We will continuously perform the detailed phenotypic analysis of the exo70A1 mutants. The exo70A1 mutants will be crossed to cytoskeleton marker lines and to chosen mutants in other putative exocyst subunits. We will order and select mutants in the three EXO70A1 interacting genes. All experiments concerning cytoskeleton drugs will be also performed this year. 2nd year: We will transform Agrobacteria and consequently Arabidopsis plants (incl. exo70A1 mutants) with prepared constructs, select transformants and observe EXO70A1-GFP localization and complementation of EXO70A1 disruption. We will start phenotypic analysis of mutants in EXO70A1 interacting genes, crosses with cytoskeleton marker lines and crosses with mutants in putative exocyst genes. The split GFP system will be established. New anti-EXO70A1 antibody will be prepared and EXO70A1 will be localized using indirect immunofluorescence. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 10/23 3rd year: We are going to continue localization of EXO70A1 by both immuno and GFP approach. Phenotypic analysis will be completed. Work in the last year will be probably adjusted based on the previous results. Finally, we will finish all experiments and prepare a manuscript. 6) Conditions for the implementation of the project Mgr. Lukáš Synek will continue research started during his PhD. study in this project. In the previous study on putative plant exocyst complex, he has obtained experience in techniques of plant molecular biology, phenotypic analysis, microscopy and transcriptome analysis in silico. He is going to finish his PhD. study in October 2007. Ivan Kulich will continue research started during his diploma thesis as a part of his PhD. study. He is experienced especially in the yeast two-hybrid system, indirect immunofluorescence and microscopy. He is going to defend his diploma thesis in June 2007. Implementation of no new experimental methods will be required except for the split GFP system. All basic procedures of molecular biology (conventional cloning, Gateway cloning, transformation of plants, DNA-biolistics, immunodetection, indirect immunofluorescence) and Arabidopsis research have been routinely used in our laboratory. The laboratory is also completely technically equipped for plant molecular biology research including a fluorescence microscopes and access to laser scanning confocal microscopes. 7) Collaboration Our team has collaborated with the laboratory of Prof. Marie-Theres Hauser (University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna) specialized in phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants (Synek et al., 2006). Their experience could contribute to the further detailed analysis of exo70A1 mutants. Another cooperation has been established with laboratory of Prof. John E. Fowler (Oregon State University, USA), where other putative exocyst subunits in Arabidopsis has been studied using genetic approach. Comparison and crossing of exo70A1 to other exocyst mutants could help to reveal other EXO70A1 functions. 8) Overlap with other projects There is a relationship but not overlap to the research center LC06034 "Regulation of plant cell and organ morphogenesis (Remorost)" that is focused on biochemical characterization of the putative plant exocyst complex and on functional characterization of other putative subunits (SEC3, SEC5, SEC6, SEC15 and EXO84). 9) Expected outcome Preliminary results will be presented at an international conference every year. Final results of this project will be published in at least one scientific article in an internationally recognized peer-reviewed journal, and will contribute to the basic plant cell science. 10) References Adamo, J.E., Rossi, G. and Brennwald, P. (1999) The Rho GTPase Rho3 has a direct role in exocytosis that is distinct from its role in actin polarity. Mol. Biol. Cell, 10, 4121-4133. 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Hsu, S.C., Hazuka, C.D., Foletti, D.L., Heuser, J. and Scheller, R.H. (1998) Subunit composition, protein interactions and structures of the mammalian brain sec6/8 complex and septin filaments. Neuron, 20, 1111-1122. Hsu, S.C., Hazuka, C.D., Foletti, D.L. and Scheller, R.H. (1999) Targeting vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane: The role of the sec6/8 complex. Trends Cell Biol., 9, 150-153. Jurgens, G. and Geldner, N. (2002) Protein secretion in plants: from the trans-Golgi network to the outer space. Traffic, 3, 605-613. Kee, Y., Yoo, J.S., Hazuka, C.D., Peterson, K.E., Hsu, S.C. and Scheller, R.H. (1997) Subunit structure of the mammalian exocyst complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14438-14443. Matern, H.T., Yeaman, C., Nelson, W.J. and Scheller, R.H. (2001) The Sec6/8 complex in mammalian cells: characterization of mammalian Sec3, subunit interactions, and expression of subunits in polarized cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 9648-9653. Otegui, M.S. and Staehelin, L.A. (2004) Electron tomographic analysis of post-meiotic cytokinesis during pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta, 218, 501-515. Robinson, N.G., Guo, L., Imai, J., Toh-E, A., Matsui, Y., Tamanoi, F. (1999) Rho3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which regulates the actin cytoskeleton and exocytosis, is a GTPase which interacts with Myo2 and Exo70. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 3580-3587. Roumanie, O., Wu, H., Molk, J.N., Rossi, G., Bloom, K. and Brennwald, P. (2005) Rho GTPase regulation of exocytosis in yeast is independent of GTP hydrolysis and polarization of the exocyst complex. J. Cell Biol., 170, 583-594. Segui-Simarro, J.M., Austin J.R 2nd, White, E.A. and Staehelin, L.A. (2004) Electron tomographic analysis of somatic cell plate formation in meristematic cells of Arabidopsis preserved by high-pressure freezing. Plant Cell, 16, 836-856. Synek, L., Schlager, N., Eliáš, M., Quentin, M., Hauser, M.T., Žárský, V. (2006) AtEXO70A1, a member of a family of putative exocyst subunits specifically expanded in land plants, is important for polar growth and plant development. Plant Journal, 48, 54-72. TerBush, D.R., Maurice, T., Roth, D. and Novick, P. (1996) The Exocyst is a multiprotein complex Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 12/23 required for exocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J., 15, 6483-6494. TerBush, D.R. and Novick, P. (1995) Sec6, Sec8, and Sec15 are components of a multisubunit complex which localizes to small bud tips in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol., 130, 299-312. Vega, I.E. and Hsu, S.C. (2001) The exocyst complex associates with microtubules to mediate vesicle targeting and neurite outgrowth. J. Neurosci., 21, 3839-3848. Wang, H., Tang, X. and Balasubramanian, M.K. (2003) Rho3p regulates cell separation by modulating exocyst function in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics, 164, 1323-1331. Wang, S., Liu, Y., Adamson, C.L., Valdez, G., Guo, W., Hsu, S.C. (2004) The mammalian exocyst, a complex required for exocytosis, inhibits tubulin polymerization. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 35958-66. Wen, T.J., Hochholdinger, F., Sauer, M., Bruce, W. and Schnable, P.S. (2005) The roothairless1 gene of maize encodes a homolog of sec3, which is involved in polar exocytosis. Plant Physiol., 138, 1637-1643. Yeaman, C., Grindstaff, K.K. and Nelson, W.J. (2004) Mechanism of recruiting Sec6/8 (exocyst) complex to the apical junctional complex during polarization of epithelial cells. J. Cell Sci., 117, 559-570. Zimmermann, P., Hirsch-Hoffmann, M., Hennig, L. and Gruissem, W. (2004) GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox. Plant Physiol., 136, 2621-2632. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 13/23 Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Sheet C1/I Curriculum vitae Mgr. Lukáš Synek Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, v. v. i. Mgr. Lukáš Synek Curriculum Vitae born on 22. 8. 1979 in Příbram Education: 1997 – 2002 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, specialization in molecular biology and virology, Diploma thesis theme: "Interaction of the major capsid protein, VP1, of mouse polyoma virus with cell structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." 2002 Master Degree, cum laudum since 2002 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, specialization in plant molecular biology, PhD thesis theme: "Characterization of chosen subunits of the putative plant exocyst komplex") 2007 PhD thesis submitted Courses: 2003 - Training course in methods of indirect immunofluorescence (Dr. František Baluška, Universität Bonn, Germany) 2003 - Training course in electron microscopy (Prof. Jan Derksen, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands) International conferences: XI. International Conference on Plant Embryology, 1. - 3. 9. 2003, Brno, Czech Republic (poster presentation) 13th International Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology, 6. - 10. 7. 2004, Monpellier, France (poster presentation) 17th International Botanical Congress, 17. – 23. 7. 2005, Wien (poster presentation) Activities: 1997 - 8th place in the National Olympiad in Biology Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 14/23 since 2002 - employed in the Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR 2004 - principal investigator of the FRVŠ project "Localization of proteins regulating secretion in plants by the indirect immunofluorescence" Publications: Synek, L., Schlager, N., Eliáš, M., Quentin, M., Hauser, M.T., Žárský, V. (2006). AtEXO70A1, a member of a family of putative exocyst subunits specifically expanded in land plants, is important for polar growth and plant development. Plant Journal, 48: 54 - 72. Cole, R.A., Synek, L., Žárský, V., Fowler, J.E. (2005). SEC8, a subunit of the putative Arabidopsis exocyst complex, facilitates pollen germination and competitive pollen tube growth. Plant Physiology 138: 2005 - 2018. Žárský, V., Eliáš, M., Drdová, E., Synek, L., Quentin, M., Kakešová, Z., Žiak, D., Hála, M., Soukupová, H. (2004): Do exocyst subunits in plants form a complex? Acta Physiol. Plant., 26: 146. Synek, L. (2003): Struktura a funkce mitotického aparátu Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biologické listy 68 (1). Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 15/23 Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Sheet C2/I Results of previous funding by GA AV Name of the scientist: Lukáš Synek Duration Registration No. Investigator IAA6038410 Viktor Žárský (years) 4 Last year of the project 2007 Title of the project The characterization of Exo70 subunit family of tethering complex exocyst in Arabidopsis Summary of results, including references to publications Among six mutants in EXO70 genes only exo70A1 mutants showed a discernible phenotype. They are small, show a loss of apical dominance, indeterminate growth and dramatically reduced fertility. Polar growth of root hairs and stigmatic papillae is disturbed. These results, together with expression data, suggest that EXO70A1 is involved in plant morphogenesis, and is probably the main EXO70 in Arabidopsis. EXO70A1 was preliminary localized (antibody, GFP fusion) along the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of tobacco epidermal cells and in Arabidopsis roots. In the yeast 2-hybrid screening, three possible interactors of EXO70A1 were identified (tRNA ligase and two unknown proteins). Preliminary results showed that seven subunits of the predicted exocyst, including EXO70A1, co-fractionate as a high-molecular weight complex in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension culture. Synek, L., Schlager, N., Eliáš, M., Quentin, M., Hauser, M.T., Žárský, V. (2006). AtEXO70A1, …. Plant J., 48: 54-72. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 16/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR List D Identifikační kód KJB600380802 Návrhy projektů a projekty související s předloženým návrhem 1. Současně s předloženým návrhem projektu je nebo bude v letošním roce podána u jiného poskytovatele žádost o podporu projektu, který je buď shodný, nebo se s předkládaným návrhem výrazně tematicky překrývá, takže v případě podpory obou projektů by došlo k duplicitnímu financování: Název projektu Transkriptom mutanta exo70A1 a buněčná funkce EXO70A1, podjednotky komplexu exocyst, u Arabidopsis thaliana Jméno pracovníka, který zpracoval Doba řešení Poskytovatel, u kterého je (bude) návrh překrývajícího se projektu Uchazeč projektu podána žádost o podporu Mgr. Lukáš Synek Ústav experimentální od 2008 Grantová agentura České botaniky, v.v.i. AVČR do 2010 republiky (postdoktorské projekty) Název projektu Jméno pracovníka, který zpracoval návrh překrývajícího se projektu Uchazeč Doba řešení Poskytovatel, u kterého je (bude) projektu podána žádost o podporu od do 2. Probíhající projekty na jejichž řešení se předkladatelé návrhu podílejí a které řeší obdobnou problematiku (předpokládá se, že část výsledků bude shodných). Identifikační kód a název projektu LC06034 Regulation of plant cell and organ morphogenesis (Remorost) Doba řešení Jméno řešitele Uchazeč projektu Poskytovatel Eva Zažímalová Ústav experimentální od 2006 MŠMT ČR botaniky, v.v.i., AVČR do 2010 Název projektu Jméno pracovníka, který zpracoval návrh překrývajícího se projektu Uchazeč Doba řešení Poskytovatel, u kterého je (bude) projektu podána žádost o podporu od do Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 17/23 Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Sheet F1/I Financial Proposal Principal investigator (I): Mgr. Lukáš Synek Institution name: Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, v. v. i. COST OF INVESTMENTS We do not ask any investments. MATERIAL COST Operating cost Materials Materials comprise of expenses for bacteria and Arabidopsis cultivation media, selection antibiotics, polymerases for cloning and plant genotyping, restriction endonucleases for conventional cloning, BP and LR clonases for Gateway cloning, new destination vectors for the Gateway system, isolation kits for DNA and RNA, DNA purification kits, oligonucleotide synthesis, microtubule and actin destabilizing drugs. Further operating cost will cover laboratory plastics and consumption material for microscopy. We also intend to order several insertional Arabidopsis mutants (SALK Institute). Overhead Overhead represents 15% of total material cost. Social and medical insurances Social and medical insurances represent 37% of total labor cost. Services In the first year, larger amount of total material cost will be devoted to services because we intend to analyze transcriptome of the exo70A1 mutant. This service is commercially available in NASC's International Affymetrix Service. Further, services comprise of payment for sequencing of prepared constructs, printing of a poster for a conference. Traveling cost Traveling cost covers registration fee and (partially) traveling expenses for a scientific conference where our preliminary results will be presented. It is not possible to specify a particular conference yet, however, we consider the International Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology for the first year. LABOR COST Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 18/23 The principle investigator does not ask salary, due to a participation in the LC 06034 project. Labor cost covers bonus for the principle investigator, salary (0.25 work load) for the co-investigator and other personal expenses for technical stuff (approx. 80 hours per year) for occasional cultivation of a large amount of experimental plants. Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 19/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR List F2/I Identifikační kód KJB600380802 Požadované finanční zabezpečení na 1. rok řešení grantového projektu (náklady se uvádějí v tis. Kč) Uchazeč (I) - ÚEB 1. investiční náklady (GIN) jednotlivé investiční položky pořizovací cena doba provozně technické funkce požadováno celkem investiční náklady na 1. rok 2. věcné náklady (GVN) provozní náklady požadováno - drobný dlouhodobý hmotný majetek (předměty, přístroje a zařízení do 40 tis. Kč) - drobný dlouhodobý nehmotný majetek (např. software do 60 tis. Kč) - materiál 35 - doplňkové (režijní) náklady 25 - povinné zákonné odvody 30 - jiné: (specifikovat, např. speciální literatura) služby (na faktury) 60 cestovní náklady (včetně konferenčních poplatků a úhrady za pobyt pozvaných pracovníků) celkem věcné náklady na 1. rok Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 17 167 20/23 List F2/I 3. mzdové náklady 3.1. platy (mzdy) požadované od GA AV (TMZ) příjmení tarifní roční plat Kulich požadováno 180 celkem mzdové náklady na platy na 1. rok 45 45 3.2. pohyblivá část mzdy (PMZ) celkem pohyblivá část mzdy na 1. rok 30 3.3. ostatní osobní náklady (OON) specifikace OON požadováno kultivace rostlin 6 celkem ostatní osobní náklady na 1. rok 6 Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 21/23 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR List F3 Identifikační kód KJB600380802 Celkové předpokládané náklady na řešení grantového projektu (náklady se uvádějí v tis. Kč) 1. Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV Investiční Neinvestiční náklady náklady GIN GVN TMZ Celkem GA PMZ OON AV 1. rok 0 167 45 30 6 248 2. rok ---- 167 45 30 6 248 3. rok ---- 167 45 30 0 242 4. rok ---- 5. rok ---- 501 135 90 12 738 celkem 0 2. Celkové předpokládané uznané náklady Zdroje finančních prostředků Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV celkem 1. rok 2. rok 248 3. rok 248 4. rok 5. rok Celkem 242 738 Veřejné prostředky z ostatních zdrojů, nepatřící do státního rozpočtu 0 0 0 0 Neveřejné prostředky z ostatních zdrojů (např. vlastní prostředky u soukromých subjektů) 0 0 0 0 Celkové předpokládané uznané náklady na řešení projektu 248 248 Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 242 22/23 0 0 738 Grantová agentura Akademie věd ČR List F3/I Identifikační kód KJB600380802 Rozpis celkových předpokládaných nákladů na řešení grantového projektu (náklady se uvádějí v tis. Kč) Uchazeč (I) - ÚEB 1. Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV na řešení projektu rozepsaná na jednotlivé roky řešení (shrnutí finančních požadavků zdůvodněných na Sheet F1) Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV Investiční Neinvestiční náklady náklady GIN GVN TMZ Celkem GA PMZ OON AV 1. rok 0 167 45 30 6 248 2. rok ---- 167 45 30 6 248 3. rok ---- 167 45 30 0 242 4. rok ---- 5. rok ---- 501 135 90 12 738 celkem 0 2. Celkové předpokládané uznané náklady na celou dobu řešení projektu ze všech zdrojů financování Zdroje finančních prostředků Účelová podpora požadovaná od GA AV celkem 1. rok 2. rok 248 3. rok 248 4. rok 5. rok Celkem 242 738 Veřejné prostředky z ostatních zdrojů, nepatřící do státního rozpočtu 0 0 0 0 Neveřejné prostředky z ostatních zdrojů (např. vlastní prostředky u soukromých subjektů) 0 0 0 0 Celkové předpokládané uznané náklady na řešení projektu 248 248 Poslední změna: 19.4.2007 14:20:01 242 23/23 0 0 738