Dlouhodobý záměr vzdělávací a vědecké, výzkumné, vývojové a

Social Exclusion of Young
People in Europe
Marek Mikulec
Faculty of Social Studies
University of Ostrava
ERIS Conference
Kuopio, 11. 10. 2012
Content
• Why this topic?
• Main thesis
• City of Ostrava
Why this topic?
• Dissertation thesis on the similar
topic
• I am young (am I?) = Who is young?
• Actual theme in the whole Europe
Main thesis of this
presentation
• Economic polarisation leads to the
polarisation of opportunities
• Structuring of space strongly
influence lifestyle and life chances of
each individual
• Increasing number of persons is at
risk of pre-traumatic stress syndrome
Economic polarisation leads to the
polarisation of opportunities
• Bauman (2008): today´s
excommunication cannot be seen as
a result of momentary misfortune that
can be corrected – it has a touch of
irrevocability.
Structuring of space strongly influence
lifestyle and life chances of each
individual
• It is important to distinguish between
voluntary and involuntary separation of the
groups of inhabitants in the space. (Temelová,
Sýkora 2005)
• Separation – citadels (gated communities)
(Marcuse 1997)
• Spatial segregation is one of the
fundamental and visible manifestations of
social exclusion. (Burjanek 1997)
Ghetto
Culture of poverty
• Ghetto as a place
of disorder and
deprivation?
• Form of social
organization (Whyte
• Strong tendency to
reproduce itself
• No trust in
institutions of
mainstream society
• Creation of
alternative system
of protection and
security
1993)
• Alienating from the
values of
mainstream
society (Dahrendorf 1995)
(Lewis 1966, 1969; Radostný 2005)
Increasing number of persons is at risk
of pre-traumatic stress syndrome
• Zimbardo (2005)
– Fear from what can happen
– Uses this term in the context of terrorism
– Possible usage in the context of fear
from lost a job (inability to pay liabilities,
inability to plan the future)
City of Ostrava
• Czech Republic – good „starting
position“ after Velvet revolution
• Deindustrialization
• Reorientation of economy
• Limited opportunities
Population development in Ostrava and the Moravian-Silesian
Region between 1869 and 2011
Data source: A historical lexicon of municipalities: according to
administrative division of the Czech Republic as of January 1, 2005
In Hruška-Tvrdý, Kukuliač (2011)
Development of the proportion of children and senior citizens
in Ostrava’s population between 1950 – 2010
Data source: ČSU. SLDB (1950 – 2001),MMO k 1.1.2010 / Czech
Statistical Office Census (1950-2001), Municipal authority of the
City of Ostrava valid as of January 1, 2010. in Hruška-Tvrdý,
Kukuliač 2011
Development of the average annual unemployment rate in Ostrava,
the Czech Republic and the Moravian-Silesian Region between 2005
and 2011
Data source: GIS 0 – The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In
Hr uška-Tvrdý, Kukaliač (2011)
Literature
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Bauman, Z. 2008. Tekuté časy: život ve věku nejistoty. Praha: Academia.
Burjanek, A. 1997. “Segregace.” Sociologický časopis. 33 (4): 423-434.
Dahrendorf, R. 1995. Report on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion in a
Free Society. London: Commission on Wealth Creation and Social
Cohesion.
Hruška-Tvrdý, L., Kukuliač, P. a kol. 2011. Socioekonomický atlas Ostravy.
Ostrava: Accendo.
Lewis, O. 1969 (1965). La Vida. A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of
Poverty – San Juan & New York. London: Panther Books.
Lewis, O. 1966. “The Culture of Poverty.” Scientific American. 215 (4): 1925.
Marcuse, P. (1997): „The enclave, the citadel, and the ghetto. What has
changed in the postfordist U.S. city.“ Urban Affairs Review 33 (2), pp. 228265.
Radostný, L. 2005. „Faktory sociálního vyloučení“. Pp. 71-80 in: Sýkora, L.,
Temelová, J. (eds.) 2005. Prevence prostorové segregace. Praha: PŘF UK
a MMR ČR
Temelová, J., Sýkora, L. 2005. Segregace: definice, příčiny, důsledky,
řešení. In Sýkora, L., Temelová, J. 2005. Prevence prostorové segregace.
Praha: UK, MMR.
Zimbardo, P. G. 2005. Moc a zlo. Praha: Moraviapress a.s.
Thank you for your attention
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