Road map of Mongolia

Bayanhayrian
Sharga
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Tsagaan
Tolgoyn
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Telman Nuur
Santmargots
Go
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DZAVHAN
Dzavhanmandal
Dörvöljin
Baligiin Hüryee
Jargalant
In-Uul
Yaruu
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+3776
FUYUN
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THAILAND
Gan
San-chien-fang
Shih-wu-li-chuang-tzu
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Kaohsiung
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SHANSHAN
110°
115°
LIUSHUQUAN
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Len
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Ave.
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Yeh-ma-chieh
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Soviet Tank
Ave. Monument
Sanatorium
Yeh-ma-ching
nG
Sai-han-t‘ao-lai
Wu-lan-su-mu-ho
Ch‘a-han-ao-pao
0
100
50
ULAAN BAATAR
DARHAN
KYAKHTA
Shaamar
150
100
Swimming
Pool
Race Track
200
250
Ha-ta-t‘u
Ta-lan-k‘a-pu
WALL
Cha-kan-ch‘a-chi
Pao-lu-wu-lo
99°
150
1:3,000,000
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
over 100,000
30,000-100,000
10,000-30,000
under 10,000
Railways
Motor Highways and Roads
Main Roads (probably
fair-weather road or track)
200
400 kilometres
250 miles
Other roads (probably poor quality
road or track)
Capital
Provincial Capital
Major Urban Area
Minor Urban Area
Population
Population
Population
Population
350
International Boundaries
Provincial Boundaries
Airports with hard surface of
900 metres
+4374
•KARAKORUM
Heights in metres
Sites of Interest
Ancient Walls
Yeh-lieh
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
The geographic area called Mongolia is comprised of an area of high steppe
and desert sandwiched between China in the south and Russia in the north. The
region is completely landlocked. Generally, it is a plateau between 900 and
1,500 metres high. However, in the west are the Altai Mountains. The highest
peak in the country of Mongolia is Tavan Bogd Uul at 4,374 metres.
Since the plateau is high, landlocked and northerly, it results in a climate that is
dry and cold. The average rainfall is below 38 cm per year (52 cm is
considered adequate for farming without irrigation). Thus, successful agriculture
can only be carried out with irrigation in those places where steady sources of
water can be counted upon. The usual crops in these irrigated areas are wheat
and oats. Temperature extremes also occur within the Gobi Desert, with summer
daytime temperatures around 40°C and near 0°C at night. Winter temperatures
can reach minus 50°C.
Due to the harsh environment, most of Mongolia is grassland. Forests cover
about 10% of the land area and are primarily composed of larch. These forests
are mostly in the northern portion of the country.
Historically, the people have had to adapt to a pastoral nomadic existence. The
nature of their goods and livelihood were based on animal products—wool,
hides, meat, cloth and leather. The people did not manufacture any products
that required significant infrastructure or lengthy producti on. As nomadic
people, they had to have personal goods that were highly portable and
necessarily utilitarian. An environment devoid of trees for fuel makes
manufacturing difficult and the existing fuel, dried animal dung, is hardly the
fuel of heavy industry.
Prehistorically, Mongolia seems to have had human occupation as far back as
200,000 BC. As time and archaeological work progress, the prehistory of
Mongolia will be filled in, but for now, we have to rely on the records of the
Chinese who fought with tribes here during the 4th or 5th century BC. The
Mongol history was written by their foes until the time of Genghis (Jenghis) Khan
and always seems to describe the people as a warrior race against whom great
gu
n
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Ho
Ar
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O-
Habiga
T‘un-k‘an-tui-ts‘un
Kung-chi-t‘ang-ti
Ch‘uan-ching
Wu-chia Ho
Ha-le
Ta-ma-wang-miaa
WU YÜAN
108°
Mongolia no longer plays a major role in world affairs but individual tribes
have harassed the Chinese society right up to this century. After the Russian
revolution, that the part of Mongolia officially called the Mongolian People’s
Republic broke away from China and allied itself with Russia. During the next
70 years Mongolia followed the Russian form of communism. Th ose
knowledgeable of Soviet history will have no trouble in following the modern
history of Mongolia. The names are different but the policies are similar.
The capital of Mongolia is Ulaan Baatar and has a population of about
600,000. The city is on the banks of the Tuul River at an elevation of 1,350
metres and at the foot of the Bogdo Ula which rises about 900 metres over the
city. The city was founded in 1649 as a religious centre and later prospered
due to the tea route between China and Russia. Ulaan Baatar is the centre of all
the important facets of a modern nation. As an economic centre, it produces the
traditional products of a pastoral agricultural society mentioned earlier. Its
cultural significance is defined by the university, library and religious structures.
It is the country’s transportation hub thanks to the presence of the TransMongolian Railway connecting with Russia and China.
The Mongolian nation is at a modern crossroads. Its former relationship with
Russia has collapsed due to recent events. Trade has to be paid for with hard
cash rather than barter and has resulted in trade dropping by over 60%. There
are indications that the society is trying to achieve ethnic purity. Their two
greatest protagonists, the Russians and the Chinese, have been harassed.
Russians have been beaten up on the streets and the Chinese were largely
expelled in the 1960’s. The small Chinese population that remains, keeps a low
profile while being quite successful as businessmen in the new economy.
As a traveler, heading into what appears to be a state in transition be aware of
the ancient oriental curse—“May you live in interesting times.” Be careful
traveling in the Far East, particularly in those nations that have been dominated
be single party politics. These states often have had political police and are
suspicious of foreigners. There are people who thoroughly enjoy Mongolia,
because of the numerous challenges of traveling in a country so early in its
41°N
Tianyi
Xiaohezi
Pingdingbu
Datan
Xiaochang
Dushikou
Nan-hao-ch‘ien
CHI-NING
Ch‘i-hsia-ying
111°
tourism industry. Others may find the adventure more arduous. Inform yourself
before you travel here, get all the books you can and be prepare.
BEST OF LUCK. A.W
HUNTING DINOSAURS
Thousands, perhaps millions of children are captivated by the knowledge that
65 million years ago and beyond strange creatures roamed a very much
different world. Windows to that world are few and far between but one of the
best is found in southern Mongolia.
The window to the past was opened by the expeditions of Roy Chapman
Andrews in 1922,1923 and 1925 ending in 1928. During these years his
team located and named Protoceratops andrewsi, Ovirapator philoceratops and
the recently popular Velocirapator other fantastic finds were some of the oldest
mammal bones ever to be found at that time.
Politics and eventually war, including The Cold War ,saw an end to most North
American expeditions to the fossil beds bed of Mongolia. However, other
expeditions were undertaken during the 1940’s by the Soviet Union, the 1960’
and 70’s by the Polish, the 1980’s by the Canadians and now in the 1990’s by
the Americans again. All these expeditions were supported by the Mongolian
government of the day and it scientists.
The area of significant interest is in southern Mongolia. Most North Americans
know the area as the Flaming Cliffs. There are many sites in this region and they
are hundreds of miles apart. The Flaming Cliffs is one of the areas in the east
and is called Bayn Dzak. Other sites going westward are Tegrugeen Shireh,
Khoobor, Tatal Gol, Ukhaa Tolgod, Khulsan, Ultan Ula, Bugin Tsav and
Kheerman Tsav. Without a doubt more sites will be discovered here and to the
south in northern China.
There are many books about hunting dinosaurs in Mongolia a recent good
read is Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs by Michael Novacek, 1996. A.W.
LINGYUAN
Erdaoying
Longhua
Kung-hui
Ta-ch‘ing-kou
Wu-lan-hua
Pai-yen-hua
Xiaochengzi
Bugugau
Te-yen-ch‘ing-miaso
Chiao-t‘ang-ti
Tung-tao-la-hu-tung
T‘ung-i-lung
Sijiazi
Dachengzi
Sanzuodian
Baochang
SHANG-TU
PALYÜN-O-PO
Hu-tun-pu-lung
Dayingzi
42°
Liu-chia
K‘ANG-PAO
K‘o-pu-erh
walls were built and fierce battles fought. One should remember that these are
not wars of nations, but rather plundering raids by a variety of tribes who fought
with one another as much as with the Chinese. The Chinese themselves were not
a unified nation but rather a group of kingdoms. By 1000 AD, this area of the
world with was beginning to form nations from the tribes and small kingdoms
that had existed before. All that was needed for significant social upheaval was
a leader with a vision and strength of arms to carry out the vision out. Temujin,
later called Genghis (Jenghis) Khan. Who as a boy saw his father killed by a
rival tribal group. Upon, escaping he began a long campaign of revenge. It is
implied that from time to time Temujin was thwarted or abandoned by allies and
made it a policy to trust only those who had proved their loyalty to him. In return
for loyalty, men were given the opportunity to rise through the ranks and take
positions of power and authority based on their military skill. Temujin was
proclaimed Genghis (Jenghis) Khan in 1206, at the Mongolian capital
Karakorum.
Europe has a parallel leader to Genghis (Jenghis) Khan, Charles the Great
(Charlemagne 771 to 814). Although his Frankish Empire did not compare in
size to Genghis Khan’s, its policies of literacy, administration, commerce and
cultural exchange mean as much to the West as the Mongol leader’s did to the
East. In the past, as it is today, knowledge, information, intelligence or
espionage—call it what you will—and an educated elite are the keys to
defeating your enemies. Thus, these two men set up the infrastructure for two of
the world’s great civilizations.
Having united the Mongolian tribes, Genghis Khan began campaigns to
expand his territory. The Mongols created an empire that held sway over all of
central Asia, northern Europe, northern India, China and border areas like
northern Vietnam and Japan. The sons, grandsons and heirs to his skills as an
administrator and military tactician ruled all or part of his territory until about
1370, when they were driven out of Beijing. They finally were completely
crushed in 1388, when they were driven out of Karakorum and defeated on the
Kerulen.
Shin-ta-fen
Nailin
Yudaokou
Banijieta
HUA-TE
T‘umu-erh-t‘ai
Shara Mörön Süme
Po-pu-leng-hai
105°
Heishui
Loa-wang-miao
KHAN
Shaiin Süme
Hai-liu-t‘u
102°
Yu-nan-ying-tzu
T‘ao-lai-t‘u
DUOLUN
CH‘A-HAN-NAO-ERH
Han-k‘a-la-wa-su-mu
Hsin-pao-li-ko
Pei-lai-k‘a
IS
NG
GHE
PAI-LING-MIAO
41°N
Ch‘uan-hsin-tien
Chao-nai-men-su-mu
Pao-le-ken-t‘ao-hai
Dund Hot
K‘uo-lun-tien-li-su
LIUYUAN
300
Tsagaan Bulag Ayr
INS
Ta-chi WALLS IN RU
Shibanjing Hung-liu-ko-ta
Shibanjing
R T
E
S
D E
Wen-tu-erh-miao
P‘en-k‘o-wu-su
Ho-lao-ko-miao
Tergetiin Yihe
Jiangjuntai
96°
Big Ring
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rp
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Av
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Polish
Embassy
in
Bayangol
Hotel
Winter Palace
Museum of
Bogd-Khan
Ma-ling-ching
Hung-liu-ho
Chu-jih-her
Man-ta-la
Lü-yüan
rx
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Lenin
Gongpoquan
Hsia-wo-p‘u-ho-tung
Yü-chia-tien
Po-erh-pei
Hongshan
T‘ou-pa-huo
Shih-men-tzu
Ch‘a-kan-wu-su
Xiwopu
Cha-chia-ho-so
Chien-li-miao
Ma
Railway Station
Sai-han-t‘a-la
Guangdegong
Chang-hua-lin
Sain Hudag
Ch‘e-le t‘u-miaa
No-erh-tu-kou-so
G O B
I
CHIFENG
Ch‘ang-sheng-kou-men
Cha-ko-ssu-t‘ai
Sai-han-wu-li-chi
43°
Jing peng
Pai-ying-miao
Nalihin Dugang
Hails
Jo-she-la
Pai-yin-pan-kou-men
Qagan Nur
Wu-un-no-erh-su-ma
Nomgom
Su-KuNor Erh
Diyantu
Pa-yin-su-mu
Argalinta Suma
Tui-fu-ch‘un-kung-chung
50
Man-tu-la-t‘u
Chia-kan-no-erh
ÖMNÖGOVI
Pai-yin-p‘ao-tzu
Chiu-ching
Daban
Hsi-li
Ha-la-shan-tan
Yao-chan-tzu
Pai-ch‘ati
Ho-li-t‘u-su-mu
La-erh-han-su-mu
Bayan Ovoo
Yao-chan-tzu
Hongliuyuan
0
Hsin-hao-t‘e
Wu-jih-yin-t‘a-la
L
Erh-tao-ying-tzu
T‘ai-pa-a-li
Bayan Gol
Lao-hsi-miao
Ring
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Ri
Circus
D UU
Lingdong
Hung-ko-erh
Hovsgo
Hürmen
Noyon
44°
T‘an-chia-wan
Subrag
XILINHOT
Hanhanger
DALANDZADGAD
Deyansuma
Julqin
Hsing-lung-ts‘un
Pa-yin-fo-k‘o
Erh-lien-hao-t‘e
Ka-shun
Nor Erh
Ta-ch‘üan-tzu-ching
Zaluuchuud Hotel
Sambuu St.
University
Genghis Khan
Chinese
Sambuu St.
Holiday Inn
Embassy
Arts Revolutionary Government
British
Museum
Museum
Palace
Palace of Sport
Embassy
October St.
Bookstore
Manduhai
Ulaan Baatar Hospital
SukhCentral Bank
Hotel
e.
Baatar Theatre Hotel
MIAT Airlines
Peace Av
Square
Lenin Monument
Post Office
Ulaan Baatar
Soviet Embassy
Foreign Ministry
Museum
Acadamy of Science
Choyjin Lama Temple
and Library
Wedding Palace
Natsagdori Memorial
Exhibition Hall
Drama Theatre
Big Ring
ULAAN BAATAR dustrial
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(ULAN BATOR) ort andreIa
lR
DORNGOVI
Ts‘un-ching-ch‘a-nu-tou-erh-ti-fang
U.S.
Embassy
al
BOG
Weiya
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Bi
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40 Year Octob
ol
Shankou
Shumyatsh
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Peace Av
AAH
Lu-ts‘ao-kou
Big
.
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metres
© Weller Cartographic
Services Ltd.
Constitutio
Gagari
500
TSAG
MONGOLIA
St.
St
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ta
Big
aa
sb
250
University
ha
H
0
TOST UUL
Yen-tun
CHINA
CHINA
N
UU
Bayan Ul Hot
Huqid Wanggin Sum
Bayanbulag
Dashuiboluo
Pai-yin-wu-la
Ulaan-uul
Ch‘a-han-su-mu
UR
Holoboo Hushuu
Wu-erh-chi-ts‘un
T‘o-i-lu-mu-yeh-la
Kun-she-an-ta-an-su-mu
T‘a-lai-chu-lung-su-mu
Lo-t‘o-chüan-tzu
Ya-man-su
Unegt
Qog Ul
Tai-la-ma-su-mo
Sha-erh-hu-tu-k‘o
Hu-ho-t‘ao-li-kai-miao
Erdene
Oldziyt
Lubei
Mi-sung-miao
Örgön
DZÜÜNBAYAN
TA
YN
Han Ul
SAYNSHAND
Tsgt-Ovoo
Bayandalay
Obooto Hural
Sm
AL
Subatga Hural
Mogoy
93°
German
Embassy
UUL
RI G
Ma-la-k‘a
K‘u-lung-shan
Lin-po-nit‘o
Ulaan
Nuur
Sevrey
120°
Big Ring
VI
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Ch‘in-ch‘eng
Publisher’s enquires accepted.
.
Gesper
ve
TV Centre
Temple
iA
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o
G
Mrgjed Janrai
Segu Temple
Gandan
Shur Yurt
Monastery
Hotel
RU
ATAS BOGD
+4353
HAMI
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NEMEGT
Yiwu
Mountain High Maps™Copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
additional painting by Weller Cartographic Services Ltd.
LEGEND
N
K‘o-lao-erh-ou-la-k‘o
PHILIPPINES
VIETNAM
GIY
O
Ta-tzu-ch‘üan
Ta-shih-t‘ou
Vigan
105°
UL
•(Dinosaur Excavations)
Gobi Desert Camp
Aparri
Haikou
Vinh
Vientiane
100°
Quinshan
Qiktim
Ai-ai-ssu
Zhanjiang
Hanoi
Haiphong
Louang Prabang
BARKOL
25°
TAIWAN
MACAU HONG KONG
g
Pingxiang
Ao-erh-t‘ang
Yiwanquan
Xiamen
Shantou
Tü y
a
ian
Qijiaojing
DA
Horoo
Nudam
Buyant-Ovoo
Bayan Dobo Suma
DU
45°
A
Shara Hulasa Hiid
OG
Yu-sung-ko-erh
Ha-ko-mo-ssu-su-mu
Sayhandulaan
G
REN
Ongiin Hudag
AY
Kunming
Lashio
Zhangzhou
Liuzhou
Guangzhou
Nanning
ED
IS B
Ongon
AR
ULIASTAI
Wen-kung-huo-lo-erh-su-mu
Bogd
AR
Bayandelger
Degereh
Delgerhet
ILW
Guiyang
Tropic of Cancer
BAGA
BOGD UUL
T‘a-li-pao-li-k‘a
Luusrin Hural
Huld
BAYANHONGOR
Fan-fang-kou
Shih-ch‘üan-tzu
Wenzhou
Fuzhou
Taipei
Nanping
UUL
GA Z
HAG
R
LA
TA
Hongor
RA
Hengyang
Xiaguan
Shangrao
Linchuan
OGD
Dut-Nur
Dzotol
Har-ayrag
46°
Hsin-an-t‘un
Ulgai
Erdennetsagaan
Attanshiree
Delgerhangay
Hsin-an-t‘un
Tul Mod
Bayan Tsogto Suma
DUNDGOVI
Man-chou
Ha-la-pa-la-t‘un
Kai-fa-t‘un
Buyant
Gurvansayhan
Wuchagou
SÜHBAATAR
Galshir
47°
Ha-ma-k‘o-tsa
BARUUN-URT
Bayanjargalan
Bogd
Buhinhashïten Hudag
Moshuu Süme
N
Chang Jiang
Chongqing
Nanchang
Changsha
Luzhou
Sheng-chin-t‘ai
IH B
Orog
Nuur
Bayan-Öndör
30°
Shaoxing
L
Santanghu
Dashitou
Shanghai
UU
Handgai
Tul Mod
Gürentsogt
Darhan
Dalanjagalan
Luus
ol
Teregen Bayan Süme
Jargalant
LIA
Chengdu
Bayantsagaan
Ts‘ai-tsu-ti
Tung-ch‘eng-k‘ou
Nantong
Hangzhou
L
San-hsi
MORI
35°
AN
UU
Jinst
in G
Tamsagbulag
Matad
Bayanterem
Bayanmönh
MANDALGOVI
Öldey Delgereh Suma
Halh
TAL
O
Yichang Wuhan
D
TSA
GA
NGIJN
Haldzan
Tsagaan-Ovoo
Sayhan-Ovoo
Guchin-Us
Buyr
Nuur
MENE
Govi-Ugtaal
Tsogtchandman
Halhïn Gol
Mongotryba
G
CHINA
Ssu-shih-li-tun
Wu-lan-wu-su
Huainan
Nanjing
G
Chih-fang
QITAI
BA
YA
N
Gunnariyn
Baruun Bayan-Ulaan
Bööntsagaan
Nuur
Chandmoni
Suhaytayn Bulag
BO
Nilga Suma
Deren
Erdenedalay
Nariynteel
Choybalsan
CHOYBABAN SUMA
Tsagaandelger
Shrine Shovaiyn
Jisa
ARVAYHEER
DORNOD
Tsagaan Ovoo
AMGALANG
Adun Qulu
Darhanhaaon
N
Luoyang
Xi’an
AJ
Gobi Honin Jsa Hudag
40°
Nariynteel
ol
35°
25°
Zaozhuang
Xuzhou
Zhengzhou
Lanzhou
INDIA
GOVI-ALTAY
TAHIYN SH
AR NUUR
SOUTH
KOREA
Tai’an
Xining
Leshan
Tseel
Vladivostok
Jilin
Sayhan Bayan Suma
Bayan-Öndör
Dölgöön
Hai-min-ts‘ai-mu
Yahin
Govi
Högnö
Hondor Suma
Delgertsgot
Beger
48°
Mönhhaan
Sümber
JARGALAN
Yimin
Bayanjargalan
Sümber Suma
Beger Nuur
Loa-chun-miao
Beijing
30°
BÜS
HAYRHAN
Jiangjunmiao
45°
Ch’ongjin
Saynshand
Fushun Tonghua
NORTH
Shenyang
Chifeng
Anshan KOREA
Hamhung
Wonsan
Jinzhou
P’yongyang
Baotou
Seoul
Dalian
Huang He
Inch’on
Tianjin
Weihai
Taegu
Shijiazhuang
Taiyuan
Kwangju
Yinchuan
Jinan Zibo Qingdao
45°
L
Bömbögör
Chaor
Monggon Qulu
Xin Bulag Dong
Onon
Bayanhutag
Bayanbaraat
Erdenetsogt
Hörhöö
Mudanjiang
Changchun
Buutsagaan
Gurvandzagal
ÖNDÖRHAAN
Delgerhaan
Delgerhaan
G
K
MONGOLIA
Harbin
Choybalsan
UU
BUGT
Bayan Tohoi
Jabhlangt
Hu-lun
Hu
Bayandun
Ulaan Dzuleg
iyn
n
erule
DUÖRHANGAY
Uyanga
Bayan-Ovoo
ol
Bayantsagaan
ng
Ulaanbaatar
40°
135°
Khabarovsk
Amu
r
Qiqihar
HIR
ÏN
Büren
Hujirt
O
Kyakhta
50°
130°
Blagoveshchensk
RUSSIA
Irkutsk
125°
YS
l
Bayan Buuraliin Heryee
AN
120°
115°
SH
110°
’A
105°
Bij Altay
I-T
100°
TA
TÖV
Dzüyl
Taygen
HAILAR
Berth
Mörön
Abdar Bayan Suma
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Yü-an-hu
PE
95°
Bayan
G
Tümentsgot
O
Mongolia
Altay
ALTAY
Ömnödelgerr
Jargolthaan
Naban Tseriyn Guuiy Hüree
l
Go
DZUUNMOD
Shanh
BAYANHONGOR
MIANDUNE
Hargant
Tsenharmandal
Harhorin
Orho
dz
Ul
Bayan-Adraga
M
HOVD
Tümen
Tsagaan
Nuur
Ondörshireet
Öndersant
Mandal
Jalai Nur
Dashbalbar
NALAYH
Songino
Hotont
Dzog
Bayanbulag
49°
Bayan Hure
Wu-ku-no-erh
Banyan-Ovoo
NS
Tayshir
YAKESHI
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THE REGIONAL GUIDE AND MAP
OF
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(physical detail
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GREAT WALL
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Ta-tai-tzu-kou
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Dongmao
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Liugou
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CHANG-CHIA-K‘OU
HSÜAN-HUA
TRAVEL INSIDE MONGOLIA
Mongolia is a huge country, 1,560,000 sq. km. in area and paved roads are
almost non-existent.
Unfortunately, writing about travel within an third world country is problematic.
I suggest that tourists use the internet the local library and professional travel
agencies to advise them of local conditions. A.W.
WARNING REGARDING ROADS
The lines purporting to show land communication routes within Mongolia MUST
be regarded as unverified data. The map appears to indicate that Mongolia has
a highly-developed road network. In reality, almost all the ‘roads’ shown are
rutted tracks across the grassland, suitable for the occasional truck or 4x4 that
dares to attempt to traverse the undulating prairie. Most of the lines that are
parallel to other lines are ‘new’ tracks replacing ‘old’ tracks. Unfortunately, we
have no way of knowing which are which; both show equally on aerial
mapping. Without driving each track, it is impossible to determine its current
status. Furthermore, as each track becomes more intensely used, it deteriorates
through non-existent maintenance and spawns a parallel track.
As Mongolia develops, a formal road network will come into existence. The
only paved roads outside the urban areas are a 60 km stretch south of Ulaan
Baator and the road north to Naushki on the Russian border. As one of the truly
undeveloped nations, Mongolia remains a remote and largely inaccessible
country. Regard these so-called roads with extreme caution. Washboards,
collapsed bridges, severe potholes, mud baths, and unmarked dips and fords
are common.
DISCLAIMER
This map of Mongolia was an experiment in mapping a country using Adobe
Illustrator. Researching this map has presented many challenges. Weller
cartographic Services has been unable to determine a definite spelling for place
names, so would appreciate assistance from travellers and scholars in replacing
Heshangfangzi
Xiabancheng
Tanghekou
114°
41°
Qinglong
Gushanzi
117°
errors with more commonly accepted spellings.
Similarly, road/track information is unreliable. Existing reference maps are
contradictory and incomplete. Does Hasagt (near Altay) really exist without
some sort of track to it.? If so, where? Do the roads/tracks shown on this map
really end where our available research information indicate? Logic says no, but
where do they go? More importantly, do they exist? Are they usable? We are
not sure.
Please regard this map as a provisional map. It is better than anything else that
is available, but we are very conscious of the weaknesses inherent in this map
and respectfully request your patience and co-operation in providing details of
information that will make this a much better map in its following editions.
Corrections and suggested improvements can be sent to the cartographer,
Angus Weller at [email protected] or a net search for Angus R. Weller, mapmaker.com or travel-media.com or the address in the copyright notice.
©Weller Cartographic Services Ltd.
2960 Cosgrove Crescent,Nanaimo,
British Columbia, Canada, V9S 3P8
Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this map is up to
date and accurate, the author and publisher can accept no liability for the consequence of any
mistake or error in content or representation.
We would gratefully receive information concerning errors or omissions. Please contact the
publisher with changes.