A,B,AB
Transkript
MONOHYBRIDISM AND DIHYBRIDISM 2nd year, dentistry week 1 © Aleš Panczak, ÚBLG 1. LF a VFN MONOHYBRIDISM PARENTAL GENERATION A A a a GENOTYPE GAMETES A a F1 GENERATION A a GENOTYPE GAMETES a A A A A a A a A a a a F2 GENERATION GENOTYPE 1 : 2 : 1 PHENOTYPE 3 : 1 2 Monohybridism P gametes AA aa A a F1 Aa gametes F2 A a A a AA Aa Aa aa 3 Monohybridism Complete dominance (KrOt p. 7/task 1) R a t i o s type of breeding heterozygote x rec. homozygote genotypic phenotypic 1 : 1 1 : 1 1 : 1 only dominant 1 : 2 : 1 3 : 1 backcross Bc heterozygote x dom. homozygote (backcross Bc) heterozygote x heterozygote intercross F2 4 Monohybridism (KrOt p. 7-8/task 3) type of breeding F1 (alb x pigm) x F1 (alb x pigm) Cc Cc F1 (alb x pigm) x albino P Cc cc F1 (alb x pigm) x pigmented P Cc CC o f f s p r i n g albino pigmented 18 61 1 32 3 28 1 0 1 61 0 1 The albinisms is recessive, the (normal) pigmentation of the coat is completely dominant. 5 Monohybridism (KrOt, p. 8, task 5) Polydactyly O f f s p r i n g Type of hybridization Normodactylous Lx /Lx x +/+ 87 +/Lx x Lx /Lx 160 +/Lx x +/Lx +/Lx +/Lx 1199 +/+, +/Lx Polydactylous Total 0 160 Lx /Lx 394 Lx /Lx 87 320 1593 dominant allele + mutant allele for polydactyly Lx The normodactyly is dominant, and the polydactyly is recessive (Lx/Lx). 6 Family 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Blood group in children M MN N 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 gender Monohybridism - phenotypical ratios in humans (KrOt, p. 9, task 6) 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Family 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Blood group in children M MN N 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Monohybridism - phenotypical ratios in humans (KrOt, p. 9, task 6) Family Blood group in children M MN N 1 2 gender 1 Total 9 21 11 i.e. approx 1 : 2 : 1 CODOMINANCE 8 Fam ily Monohybridism - phenotypical ratios in humans (KrOt, p. 9, task 6) Blood group in childre n M MN N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 Total 9 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 i.e . approx 1 : 2 : 1 9 1 CODOM INANCE 1 11 P AABB gametes AB F1 ab AaBb AB Ab aB ab AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb gametes F2 aabb Dihybridism 16 Dihybridism – independent segregation of polydactyly and congenital icterus (KrOt, p. 12, task 11) O f f s p r i n g Types of hybridization genotypes of parents Normodactylous nonicteric rats Polydactylous nonicteric rats Normodactylous icteric rats Polydactylous icteric rats 98 26 28 9 36 34 29 33 allele for normodactyly + allele for normal metabolism of bilirubin + mutant allele for polydactyly Lx mutant allele for jaundice j 17 Dihybridism – independent segregation of polydactyly and congenital icterus (KrOt, p. 12, task 11) O f f s p r i n g Types of hybridization genotypes of parents +/Lx +/j x +/Lx +/j +/Lx +/j x Lx /Lx j/j x Lx /Lx +/j +/Lx j/j Normodactylous nonicteric rats Polydactylous nonicteric rats Normodactylous icteric rats Polydactylous icteric rats 98 26 28 9 36 34 29 33 allele for normodactyly + allele for normal metabolism of bilirubin + mutant allele for polydactyly Lx mutant allele for jaundice j 18 Monohybridism – ABO blood group system phenotypes and genotypes (KrOt, p. 9, task 7) a) phenotype genotype 0 00 b) rec. homozygote dom. homozygote heterozygote codominancy A B AA, A0 BB, B0 AB AB 4 6 00 AA, BB A0, B0, AB AB c) Blood group: (genotype) child - A A0 mother - 0 00 man possible as father A, AB (man that can not be excluded as father) man excluded as father B, 0 10 Mother Child A B – AB 0 Man as father impossible possible A -A,B,AB,O A,O B B,AB O,A B,AB AB 0 AB A,B,O A Monohybridism O,B A,AB -B A,B,AB,O ABO AB blood group B,O system A,AB 0 A,B,O phenotypes in AB paternity -A determination B -(KrOt, p. 10, task O AB 0 A O,B B O,A AB 0 AB 8) A,B,AB,O A,B,AB,O A,B,AB mother excluded A,AB B,AB mother excluded O,A,B 11 Blood groups Dihybridism – paternity examination by combination of two blood group systems (KrOt, pp. 13-14, task 14) 21 Man possible as father Man impossible Mother Child 0, M 0, MN A, B, 0, N, MN 0, Rh+ 0, Rh- A, B, 0 Rh+, Rh- 0, Rh- A, Rh+ A, AB, Rh+ B, 0, Rh- 0, MN B, MN B, AB, M, N, MN A, 0 A, N 0, MN A, B, 0, M, MN AB, N A, MN A, N A, B, 0, AB, N, MN M A, Rh+ B, Rh- B, AB, Rh+, Rh- A, 0 A, Rh- A, Rh+ A, B, 0, AB, Rh+ Rh- A, N AB, MN B, AB. M, MN A, 0, N B, MN 0, N A, B, 0, N, MN AB, M B, Rh+ B, Rh- A, B, AB, 0, Rh+, Rh- B, Rh- AB, Rh- A, AB, Rh+, Rh- B, 0 B, MN 0, M A, B, 0, M, MN AB, N AB, N A, N A, B, 0, AB, N, MN M AB, Rh+ B, Rh- A, B, 0, AB, Rh+, Rh- AB, Rh- AB, Rh+ A, B, AB, Rh+ 0, Rh- AB, MN AB, M A, B, AB, M, MN 0, N as father AB M AB p. 11, task 9 homework I. AB AB II. A B B B III. 0 A B B 0 0 A B 0 0 AB IV. V.
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