PREPOSITIONS Předložky (prepositions) jsou slova nebo sousloví

PREPOSITIONS Předložky (prepositions) jsou slova nebo sousloví

Unit 10
Prepositions.
PREPOSITIONS
Předložky (prepositions) jsou slova nebo sousloví, která vyjadřují podobné okolnosti jako
příslovce, totiž místo, čas, způsob, přičinu nebo důvod atd. Vstupují ve slovní spojení, ve
kterých se často kladou před podstatné jméno (the parents of the child, a man of letters),
zájmeno (we are speaking about him), přídavné jméno (to hope for fine weather) nebo
číslovku (dinner for three), ale na rozdíl od češtiny také před celou větou (I am surprised at
what you say. I was thinking of how you would manage it alone.). V angličtině, která ztratila
téměř všechny pádové koncovky, jsou předložky jedním z nejdůležitějších prostředků
vyjadřování vztahů mezi větnými členy. Předložky tvoří se jménem pojmový celek a
samostatně, bez spojení se jmény, se nevyskytují. Svědectvím toho je, že táž předložka mívá
různé významy; teprve spojením s určitým jménem nabývá předložka jednoznačného smyslu.
Anglické předložky se všechny pojí s tzv. objektovým pádem, tj. v našem pojetí čtvrtém. Není
tedy správné mluvit o tom, že se některá pojí s gentiviem, jiná s dativem, protože takové pády
v angličtině neexistují.
Předložky mohou stát 1. bezprostředně před jménem, ke kterému patří (We walked about the
town. He came after me. He works at a large factory. Please do it for my sake.), nebo 2. na
konci věty a) tázací, vztahuje-li se předložka k tázacímu výrazu who(m), what, which, where:
Who(m) did you address it to? What are you thinking of; b) vztažné, vztahuje-li se ke
vztažnému zájmenu (je-li toto vynecháno, musí stát vždy na konci): The man (whom) you are
speaking about lef last wee. The shop (that) we buy our vegetables from is shut.; c) v trpných
vazbách: The bed has been slept in. The child must be looked after.; d) v infinitivních
přívlastkových vazbách: She has no voice to speak of. I have nothing else to refer to.
TIME
AT
označuje zcela určitý časový údaj; používá se s názvy svátků
at three o’clock
at that hour
at noon
at night
at dawn (za svítání)
at (the age of) sixteen
at once (najednout)
at the beginning
at the end of
at the weekend
at this moment
IN
at present (v současné době)
at midday, at lunch time
at tea-time, at midnight
at bedtime
at intervals
at Christmas
at Easter
at weekends
označuje, za jakou dobu se něco stane; obvykle je pak ve větě budoucí čas
in two days (za dva dny)
in a minute
in two month’s time
in a few minutes
in a year’s time
užívá se s názvy období roků, částí dnů, s měsíci atd.
in spring, in summer
in winter, in autumn
in 1993
in the morning, in the evening
in the afternoon
in January
in the holidays
in the interval (o přestávce)
BY
in working hours
(once, twice) in a week
in the Victorian period
in the fifties (v padesátých letech)
in my young days
in the beginning (zpočátku)
in the end (ku konci, na konec)
označuje limit doby; obvykle s budoucím časem
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
by six o’clock (do šesti hodin už bude
hotovo)
by Monday
Ale!!! by day, by night (ve dne, za noci)
ON
s názvy dnů a dat
on Friday
on May 3rd
on a sunny day
on Sunday morning
on a Friday afternoon
FOR
on Monday next
on Tuesday night
on Christmas day
on the morning of August 15th
on his birthday
po: určitou dobu: délka trvání děje
for three days
for ever (navždy)
SINCE
for the whole week
I haven’t seen him for ages.
The bad weather lasted (for) three days.
od: časový bod nebo úsek jako začátek děje; v gramatickém spojení
s předpřítomným časem
since yesterday
since that time
I haven’t seen him since (that) time.
FROM
since 1990
since when
od: časový bod v minulosti, budoucnosti nebo přítomnosti; v gramatickém
pojetí s minulým nebo budoucím časem
from the date on (od toho data)
from lunchtime onwards
FROM – TILL, FROM – UNTILL
from six till eleven
from six to eleven
from London to Oxford
WITHIN během, v rozsahu; v určitém limitu
within a mile of London
within an hour (během hodiny)
BEFORE před
before the war
before 1989
AFTER po
after that
the day after tomorrow
after the holidays
after his return
DURING během, za, při
during this winter
during his life
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Prepositions.
PLACE
AT
přesněji určené menší místo
at the table
at the corner
at the window
at the seaside
at Senohraby
at Victoria Station
stop at Leeds (= at the station in Leeds)
open the book at page 30
v přeneseném smyslu a funkčně
at home, at school (při vyučování)
at sea
at college (na univerzitě)
at dinner
at war, at peace (ve válce, v míru)
at best, at worst, at least, at latest
(přinejlepším, přinejhorším, nejvýše,
nejméně)
at a loss (být na rozpacích)
at the beginning
at the end
at work
at church
at the airport
at all costs (za každou cenu)
at first sight (na první pohled)
at hand (poruce)
at a speed of (rychlostí – jakou)
at their own risk (na vlastní riziko)
ve spojení se slovesy
look at
smile at
point at (ukázat na)
shoot at
laugh at
IN
get at (dosáhnout na)
throw at
be good at math
be surprised at
větší místo, město
in London
in the country (na venkově)
in the world
in the South (of Bohemia)
in the Pacific Ocean
in Asia
in the garden
in the sky
in a street (na ulici)
uvnitř
in the house
in the garage
in the office
in the back of the car (vzadu v autě)
in the picture
přenesený význam
in the newspaper
in bed
in hospital
in prison
in French
in practice
in a nice hat
in advance (předem)
in common (společný)
in love with
in other words (jinými slovy)
in my opinion (dle mého názoru)
in practice, in theory, in reality, in fact
in charge of (pověřený čím)
in use (v používání)
in ink (inkoustem)
in a hurry
in fact (ve skutečnosti)
in jeans
in a gold necklase (se zlatým náhrdelníkem)
in diamond earrings (se zlatými náušnicemi)
in order x out of order (v pořádku)
in particular (zvláště)
in general (obecně)
in shorthand (těsnopisem)
in capitals (velkými písmeny)
in this direction (tímto směrem)
in debt (zadlužený)
in cash (hotově)
s názvy světových stran
in the east, in the south
in the west, in the north
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Prepositions.
ON
na ploše
on the table
on the floor
on the first floor (v prvním poschodí)
on the road
on his face (na jeho tváři)
on the map
on the river
on the wall
on page thirteen
přenesený význam
on foot (pěšky), on horseback
on a bus, on a train (ve vlaku, autobusu:
není-li zdůrazněno, že je to uvnitř)
on the side
on the one hand (na jedné straně)
on the list, on the register (na seznamu)
on holiday
on a farm
travel on a bus, train etc.
on sale (v prodeji)
on a diet (mít dietu)
be on good terms (vycházet dobře)
on the list (v seznamu)
BY
on TV, on the radio
go on a journey, on a trip
on application (na požádání)
on duty (ve službě)
on business (služebně)
on purpose (úmyslně)
on the whole (celkem)
on an average (v průměru)
on fire (v plamenech)
on the staff (v učitelském nebo pracovním
sboru)
on demand (na požádání)
blízko, poblíž
by the window
by my side
by the fireplace
by the sea
go by the house (jít kolem domu)
přeneseně (původce, nástroj, způsob), funkčně a jiné případy
by sea, by air, by ship, by plane, by car, by
bus
by post, by hand, by telegram
by chance (náhodou)
by sight (od vidění)
by cheque
by no means (v žádném případě)
by all means (ovšem, za každou cenu)
by the way (mimochodem)
by Dover = via Dover
by means of (pomocí čeho)
He was punished by his father.
We shall lose nothing by waiting
BESIDE vedle, po čí straně
beside me
beside the river
beside himself with anger (zlostí bez sebe)
BESIDES kromě
besides John
besides me
IN FRONT OF před, frontálně
in front of the house
in front of the children (před dětmi, v jejich
přítomnosti)
in front of you
dial 01 in front of your number
in front of the car (může též znamenat v přední
části vozu)
BEHIND za
behind you
behind the house
behind schedule (pozdě)
BEFORE před: v pořadí, opak k after
before me in the queue
B comes before C.
the title before the name
před: tváří v tvář
before the class (in front of má pouze místní
význam)
before the court (před soudem)
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before my eyes
the task before us
Unit 10
Prepositions.
AFTER za, po
After you. (Po vás. – při vstupu)
Shut the door after you.
named after his grandfather
UNDER pod: vertikálně
under my feet
shelter under a tree
under the microscope
under the table
under an umbrella
nothing new under the sun
v přeneseném smyslu
under age
under pressure (pod tlakem)
under five pounds
under ten degrees
women under forty
under construction/repair
under these conditions
under a different name
under Queen Victoria (za vlády Viktorie)
under threat of (pod hrozbou)
BELOW pod: níže než
below this line
the house below us
below us
the place below the shelf
OVER
below zero
below a hundred
children below (the age of ) sixteen
nad: vertikálně
over the table
a lamp over the desk
over my head
lean over a lying body
přeneseně
the people over me
have power over sb
triumph over an enemy
men over forty
a population of over a million
přes: na druhou stranu, na druhé straně
over the wall
jump over the stream
climb over the fence
BESIDES kromě
besides John
besides me
nad: pohyb
v přeneseném významu
fly over the house
a bridge over the river
run over the grass
control over something
over a thousand
EXCEPT kromě: ve významu všechno s výjimkou jmenovaného
He does nothing except eat and drink.
The dress is ready except for the buttons. (až na
knoflíky)
ABOVE nad: výše než
above the sea
above the water
fly above the clouds
the sky above us
a few feet above the ground
above the house
above the mountains
a skirt above a knee
The sun rises above the horizon.
v přeneseném smyslu
above criticism
above 200 people
ACROSS přes: z jedné strany na druhou; na druhé straně přes
across the field
across the street
a bridge across the river
walk across the road
swim across the river
across the bridge
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
BEYOND (dále) za
beyond the church
beyond the Mississippi
PAST
beyond that hill
love beyond the grave
místně: kolem, okolo; časově: nad, po
walk past the house
He hurried past me.
past control
a man past seventy
ROUND, AROUND, ABOUT často zaměnitelné
pohyb různými směry nebo neurčitá poloha: about, round, around
run (a)round/about the playground
travel (a)round/about the world
somewhere (a)round/about here
show sb round the town
look round the shop
kruhový pohyb nebo postavení: round, around
a scarf (a)round the neck
sit (a)round the table
go (a)round the corner
přibližnost časového nebo číselného údaje: (a)round, about
(a)round/about Christmas
(a)round/about 7 a.m.
ALONG podél, u; po: ulici atd.
along the wall
along the street
THROUGH skrz
through the town
through the forest
through the canal
through an interpreter (pomocí tlumočníka)
THROUGHOUT místně: kolem, okolo; časově: nad, po
throughout the country
throughout the week
BETWEEN mezi: dvěma stranami
between you and me
between the door and the window
AMONG mezi, uprostřed: mnoha, skupiny, množiny; následuje podst. jméno v plurálu
among those people
one among many
FOR
among my books
se slovesy, která vyjadřují začátek pohybu
leave for Edinburgh
the train for Paris
sail for the U.S.A.
přeneseně (účel, příjemce, výměnu, cenu, příčinu, sympatie, podpora)
look for
search for
fight for king and country
have st for lunch, dinner, supper
Thank you for coming.
pay for every mistake
punish sb for st
grateful for everything (vděčný za vše)
be responsible for
It is good for you. He works for us.
The letter is for you.
Are you for or against it?
the demand for fruit
long for happiness (toužit po štěstí)
stand up for sb
change one thing for another
get the lot for ten pounds
repeat word for word (opakovat slovo od
slova)
be famous for
I sold the camera for twenty pounds.
He married her for money.
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
AGAINST proti
v přeneseném významu
throw the ball against the wall
lean against the door (opřít se o dveře)
TOWARDS směr k
TO
FROM
OF
against her will
against her wishes
against the plan
v přeneseném významu
walk towards the sea
point towards (ukazovat k)
towards the evening
towards the children
towards midday
attitude towards this idea
směr k: místo určení
přenesený význam
to the hairdresser’s
to London
to the left
to the table
to the north of (na sever od)
to hospital
to school
to prison
to bed
to come to an end
a solution to the problem
to my surprise
to work
z: východisko
přenesený význam
from Scotland
a letter from a friend
made from fruit
save from
suffer from
prevent from
protect from
stay away from school (nejít do školy)
z: východisko; očekávali bychom
from
označení materiálu (kvality) zboží nebo
výrobku
of German origin
south of London
house of stone
made of
sweater of wool
built of brick
přenesený význam
OFF
expect too much of sb
get rid of sb (zbavit se někoho)
It is kind of you
a man of ability
ask of st
be proud, jealous of, fond of st/sb
die of st
It is typical of you.
a girl of sixteen
a woman of no importance
be afraid of st
pryč: s povrchu; dolů
v nevelké vzdálenosti
fall off the ladder
get off the bus, the tram
jump off the wall
take st off the table
The rain ran off the roof.
a house off the main road
a street off the Strand
přenesený význam
off duty (mimo službu)
a day off (volný den)
10 per cent off the price
INSIDE uvnitř, dovnitř
He is inside the house.
He went inside the house.
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
OUTSIDE vně čeho, ven z, mimo, za
He was standing just outside the door.
WITHOUT bez, aniž
to be without food
without difficulty
He passed by without seeing me.
He arrived without money or luggage.
OUT OF ven(ku), z, ze(vnitř)
přenesený význam
out of water
out of the house
out of the town
out of town (mimo město)
out of the tram (z tramvaje)
out of bed
BUT
out of work (nezaměstnaný)
be out of stock (nebýt na skladě)
run out of petrol (nemít už benzín)
out of breath (bez dechu)
ou of sight (z dohledu)
out of danger (mimo nebezpečí)
out of use (nepoužívat se)
out of reach (mimo dosah)
až na, kromě, mimo
I know all but two of them.
They are all wrong but him.
She speaks nothing but French.
the last but one (předposlední)
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Prepositions.
EXERCISES
1. Fill in the right prepositions choosing from in, on or at.
____ Thursday
____ Christmas day
____ Thurdays
____ the morning ____ London
____ the 1970s
____ five o’clock ____ Hradčany
____ midnight
____ the spring
____ the hairdresser’s
____ Easter
____ the garden ____ the 17th century
____ 7th March
____ home
____ the evening
____ the dentist’s
____ 1970
____ a quarter to twelve ____ work
____ my birthday ____ Monday morning
____ the airport
____ December ____ the weekend
____ Moravia
____ Christmas ____ New Year’s Day
____ the beach
____ school
____ Smíchov
____ the tram stop
____ the station
____ the New Year
____ the afternoon
____ this page
____ this sentence
____ university
____ my aunt’s
2. Fill in with in, on or at where necessary.
He is leaving ____ Wednesday. He is returning ____ next Tuesday. What did you do ____
the weekend? Can you come ____ eight ____ the morning? I met him ____ Saturday
afternoon. What are you doing ____ this evening? She often goes out ____ the evenings. I
always go out ____ Saturday evenings. He goes out ____ every day. We always visit my
parents ____ Christmas. The children were playing ____ the garden. The course started
____ last Monday. Prague is beautiful ____ the autumn. The film ended ____ midnight.
Claire is studying ____ London University. Her cousin lives ____ Slovakia. Where did
you go ____ last summer? We waited ____ the station fifty minutes. You have two
mistakes ____ this sentence. There’s someone ____ the door. She works ____ home. He
has exams ____ the New Year. My brother was born ____ New Year’s Day. His office is
____ Vinohrady. Are there school holidays ____ Easter? John’s not here. He’s ____ the
doctor’s. They arrived ____ England ____ Sunday. I will phone you again ____ a while.
What did you learn ____ school today? I’m tired. I’m going ____ bed.
3. Miscellaneous prepositions.
na straně 7
s mými přáteli
v krabici
bez tebe
pod židlí
kolem třetí hodiny
kolem stolu
nad postelí
za chatou
pod vodou
před tabulí
vedle mě
před hodinou angličtiny blízko školy
po svatbě
k plotu
pozítří
předevčírem
152
podél břehu řeky
za rohem
proti větru
mezi námi
mezi přáteli
místo toho
během noci
muž z Prahy
kvůli jeho rodičům
kniha o kočkách
procházka lesem
procházka přes most
hra od Shakespeara
dárek pro vás
cesta autobusem
cesta pěšky
vesnice blízko Londýna
Unit 10
Prepositions.
4. Fill in with in, on or at.
____ the third floor ____ holiday
____ five minutes ____ the holidays
____ the world
____ the west
____ the concert
____ the wedding
____ the sky
____ the picture
____ the rain
____ the mountains
____ night
____ once (hned)
____ the night
____ a business trip
____ sale
____ the photograph
____ the car park
____ a car (jako pasažér)
____ bed
____ a bus (jako pasažér)
____ traffic lights ____ the town centre
____ a party
____ the top of the page
____ time
____ a housing estate
____ the front page ____ the playground
____ a farm
____ the countryside
____ the menu
____ the moment (momentálně)
____ a football match (jako fanoušek)
____ a football match (jako hráč)
____ a while (za chvíli)
____ first (z počátku)
____ last (konečně)
____ the end (nakonec)
____ the end of the week
____ the end of the story
____ the end of a piece of string
____ the start of the meeting
____ the beginning of the article
____ the beginning God created
____ the edge of town
____ the middle of the room
____ front of the blackboard
____ top of the mountain
5. Fill in with in, at, or to or without prepositions.
Do you go ____ school? Did you go ____ the English lesson? What did you learn ____
the lesson today? What did you do ____ school today? I must go ____ out. I was ____ out
when she phoned? We went ____ a party. They met ____ a party. Let’s go ____ the
mountains this summer. Life ____ the mountains is very difficult. The sun rises ____ the
east. Every winter the birds fly ____ south. His parents live ____ the south. We’re going
____ the south of France. Dover is ____ the south of England. Dover is ____ south of
London. My aunt lives ____ south London. Did you go ____ their wedding? Was Mr Blair
____ their wedding? I’m going ____ shopping. I’m going ____ the shops. Where’s Mum?
– She’s ____ the shops. There’s nothing ____ the shops on Fridays. I met Mr Prokop ____
the post office. Welcome ____ Prague!
6. The verb arrive with in, at and on or without prepositions.
We arrived ____ England on Monday. They arrived ____ London yesterday. The train
arrived ____ Victoria station at three o’clock. He arrived ____ home at midnight. The
police arrived ____ the island in a helicopter. I arrived ____ school twenty minutes late.
What time did you arrive ____ there? We arrived ____ Heathrow airport at eight in the
evening. They arrived ____ the moon early on Tuesday morning. He arrived ____ the
party late, and all the beer was gone.
7. Choose from in, into, on or onto.
She walked ____ the room. She was ____ the room. – They got ____ the taxi. They were
____ the taxi. – He got ____ the 8.45 train. He was ____ the 8.45 train. – We got ____ our
motorbikes. We were ____ our motorbikes. – She came ____ the office. She was ____ the
office. – He got ____ the number 34 tram. He was ____ the number 34 tram. – She
climbed up ____ her horse. She was ____ her horse. – We arrived ____ Athens. We were
____ Athens.
8. Fill in with out, out of, ouside or off.
I don’t want to cook this evening. Let’s go ____ for dinner. – There’s a telephone box
____ the building. He walked ____ the flat and along the street. Switch the television
____. She jumped ____ the car and ran to the station. Lisa isn’t at home. She’s ____ all
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
day today. The pen fell ____ the table. He heard a car and looked ____ the window. There
was a large crowd of people ____ the cinema. Take your coat ____ if you’re hot. The
rabbit jumped ____ the hat. Is Harry still going ____ with Henrietta? “Come ____ now.
We know you’re there,” shouted the policeman. He got ____ his bike and walked with it
up the hill. The money fell ____ my pocket. Please take your suitcase ____ my foot. He
took his dirty shoes ____ his feet and left them ____ .
9. Translate.
Vedle pošty, vedle mě, u okna, podle tohoto slovníku, díky vám, na/po celém světě,
navzdory mému varování, až dosud, v případě požáru, o Vánocích, na Vánoce (někam
pojedeme), k Vánocům (dárek), co se týče práce, za celou třídu (vám děkuji), ve dvaceti
pěti letech, vysoký na svůj věk, kromě Johna (všichni až na Johna), mnoho lidí kromě
Johna (John a ještě další). Mám u sebe hodně peněz. Byl jsem štěstím bez sebe.
10. Fill in with in, on or at.
____ love
____ prison
____ the Earth
____ the shade
____ the courtyard
____ the age of 55
____ hospital
____ the most
____ fire
____ the moonlight
____ flames
____ lunch
____ least
____ my opinion
____ the queue
____ cash
____ the Western Front
____ the dark
and so ____
not ____ all
____ first sight (na první pohled)
____ the sign of the Golden Unicorn
____ time (ne pozdě, přesně, včas)
____ time (včas na co, včas, aby, časem)
11. Fill in with in, on or at.
He only works ____ certain days. We’re pleased you’re here ____ last. Did you hear that
storm ____ the night? He often has to work ____ night. ____ the moment he’s still a
student. We’ll be there ____ about twenty minutes. I nearly missed my train. I go to the
station just ____ time. Why doesn’t Alice ever come to school ____ time? What’s ____
the television this evening? – It was a clear day. Not a cloud ____ the sky. – There were
seventy guests ____ the wedding. Come here ____ once. They live ____ a little cottage
____ the countryside. We walked ____ south for a few more kilometres. The most
beautiful mountains here are ____ the south. They live ____ the fifth floor. He didn’t like
her ____ first, but he does now. – Tony’s ____ bed. He’s ill. – Do you know any of the
people ____ this photograph? It’s the biggest stadium ____ the world. Jane’s ____ holiday
in the Bahamas. What did you do ____ the holidays? She stood and looked ____ the
painting. How many sunflowers are there ____ the paiting? Did the thief leave any
fingerprints ____ the painting? I met him ____ a political demonstration. There were a lof
of climbers ____ the mountain.
12. Choose the right prepositions – in time x on time.
She hates being late. She’s always ____ . – The public transport is very good here.
Everything runs ____ . – Did you get there ____ to see Patrick? I didn’t get there ____ and
the lecture had already started. – We didn’t arrive ____ for lunch. Everything was gone. –
We didn’t arrive ____ to say goodbye. They’d already left. The police got there ____ to
see the thieves running away with all the money. We got to the airport just ____ to see his
plane landing.
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Unit 10
Prepositions.
13. Between or among.
How many kilometres are there ____ Prague and London? You need to work on the
perfect tenses, ____ other things. Which plane is ____ Saturn and Neptune? He divided
the money ____ his two daughters. He divided the money ____ all his children. He grew
up ____ the painters and musicians of Paris. It was just a joke ____ two friends. Don’t
worry, you are ____ friends. Is there a lawyer ____ the society’s members?
14. Fill in with beside, besides or except (for).
I’ve got all his records ____ the latest one. Which of his records have you got, ____ this
one? ____ Prague, they’ll also be visiting some towns in the south of Bohemia. They’ve
seen all parts of this country ____ the south. I’ve invited everyone ____ Kevin. Who do
you want to invite ____ George and Ruth? Everyone came ____ Linda, who was still in
Amsterdam. Who was that sitting ____ Miloš? They were ____ themselves with joy when
they heard the news. They’re open every day ____ Sundays.
15. Fill in with since, from or for.
____ when have you lived in Prague? He lived there ____ 1930 to 1977. He lived here
____ the age of forty-seven. He lived here ____ forty-seven years. She’s lived here ever
____ she was born. I studied English ____ four years at secondary school. I haven’t seen
him ____ ages. I haven’t seen him ____ Bill’s party. Bill works ____ nine every day.
Bill’s working ____ 8.30 to 4.00 today. She’s changed a lot ____ I first met her. ____ how
long have you been here? It’s been many years ____ he last saw his parents.
16. Fill in with by, until (till, in, or within).
He finished the work ____ three days. – I must go. I have to be home ____ lunchtime. –
Could you wait here ____ I get back? We will develop your films ____ one hour! Can you
run 100 metres ____ twelve seconds? You must return this application form ____ 30th
April. Please reply to this letter ____ twenty-eight days. I’m leaving this evening and I’ll
be away ____ Wednesday. If you want to go too, let me know ____ the end of the week.
Don’t open you eyes ____ I tell you. – I’ll be in the office again on Monday. I should be
well again ____ then. – I worked ____ midnight last night. Please write the essay ____
Thursday. Most department stores are open ____ six or seven in the evening.
17. Translate. Miscellaneous prepositions.
Za kolik jste to koupila? Pro koho jsi to koupil? Utrácí hodně za hudbu a knihy. Šetří na
dovolenou do Španělska. Směješ se mně? Stáli jsme na břehu řeky a házeli jsme chleba
labutím. Když se zlobí na svého muže, hází na něj talíře. Kvůli čemu se zlobíš? Zakřičela
na nás o pomoc. K čemu to je? K čemu je to dobré? Ta kniha spadla ze stolu. Neboj se,
ona na to brzy zapomene. Měli bychom poslat pro doktora. Ptal se po tobě. Jsi dobrý na
fyziku? Jedu navštívit své kamarády do Olomouce. Můžeš mi zavolat do práce. Můžeš mi
to poslat domů?
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