Programmes on the exploitation of renewable resources in

Programmes on the exploitation of renewable resources in

Programmes on the exploitation of
renewable resources in developing
countries
S. Miertus
ICS-UNIDO
Trieste, Italy
Summary
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Sustainability of global development
Global situation of renewable feed-stocks
availability
Catalytic technologies for exploitation of
renewable feed-stocks
Use of renewable feed-stocks in developing
countries (opportunities/challenges)
ICS-UNIDO programme
Some example of projects (China, Malaysia, …)
UNIDO Global Programme
Some examples of UNIDO projects on RE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIAL
• Community impact
•Feedstock displaced
• Dislocation
• Stability
• Rural/Urban impact
•Human capital
•$$ flows
Carbon cycling
• Land
• Air
• Water
• Energy
• Renewable
• fossil
ECONOMICS
• Resource availability
• Capacity to produce
• Oil vs renewables
Renewable Resources of Vegetal Origin
Biomass Annual Production
Carbohydrates
Lignin
75%
20%
170 Gtons
5%
Oil, fats, proteins,
terpenes, alkaloids
nucleic acids
R. Hoper, NutraCos 2002
Renewable Resources
of Vegetal Origin
Annual Consumption
3.7 Gtons (62%)
Food-use
2 kg/day/person
6 Gtons
3.5%
0.3 Gtons (5%)
Non-Food Use
2 Gtons (33%)
Energy & Housing
R. Hoper, NutraCos 2002
VISION 2050 -- PLANT-FOSSIL UTILIZATION BALANCE
Narayan
Catalytic technologies for biomass
exploitation
BIOMASS
Combustion
Heat,
flue gases0
Anaerobic
digestion
Catalytic
Combustion
Catalytic
gasification
Bio-gas
Fermentation
Pyrolysis
Alcohols
Bio-oil
Catalytic
detoxification
Hydrotreating
Upgraded
bio-oils
Reforming
Syngas
Shift
Purification
Clean
emissions
Catalytic
liquefaction
H2 + CO2
Clean
syngas
Purification
Catalytic
syntheses
Clean
hydrogen
ROH, DME,
hydrocarbons
Ethanol and
diesel
Hydrogen production from biomass
BioResource
Biological
Anaerobic
Digestion
Fermentation
CH4/CO2
CH3CH2OH/
CO2
Thermochemical
Metabolic
Processing
Gasification
H2/CO
Bio-shift
High Pressure
Aqueous
CH4/CO2
CH4/CO2
Synthesis
Reforming
Shift
CH3OH/CO2
H2/CO2
Reforming
Shift
Reforming
Shift
H2/CO2
Pyrolysis
Photobiology
Shift
Reforming
Shift
H2/CO2
Pyrolysis
Severe
CH1.4O.6
Reforming
Shift
H2/C
H2/CO2
H2/C
H2/O2
T. A. Milne et al., “Hydrogen from Biomass…”, NREL, Golden, CO, 2002
H2/CO2
H2/CO2
H2/CO2
1st example:
Ethanol Production
Henry Ford - “fuel of the
future” and designed Model
T to run on bioethanol.
Standard in Brazil is 22%
bioethanol content...with
many cars running at 100%.
World Ethanol Production 2004
Use renewable feedstocks (biomasses)
in developing countries
Opportunities/challenges
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Richness in biodiversity
Exploitation of agro-overproduction in some
developing countries
Use of agro-food waste for countries lacking in
fossil resources
Diversification of resources
Development of national/local capacities
Sustainable industrial development in developing
countries (SMEs)
Balanced development of industry and agro-sector
Use renewable feedstocks (biomasses)
in developing countries
Risks
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Wrong priorities (food vs. renewable resources for
industrial use)
Sensitivity to climate changes
Risk of technology gaps (turn key solutions from
industrialized countries/lack of national capacities)
Need for development of established technologies
Lack of integrated approach (agro-waste
Örenewable resources Ö technology Ö production
Ö infrastructure Ö market)
Lack of analysis of potentials and of strategic
planning
Use renewable feedstocks (biomasses)
in developing countries
Barriers
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Cost, although the costs of “bio-products” and
renewable energy is falling as volumes increase, in
most cases it is not yet directly competitive with
conventional alternatives;
Insufficient human institutional infrastructure,
limited capacity to support projects and markets,
owing to a lack of experience and investment;
Weak incentives and inconsistent policies – the
characteristics and benefits of renewables are not
always adequately and fairly address in energy policy
frameworks
Use renewable feedstocks (biomasses)
in developing countries
Address the Barriers/Reduce the risks
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Help to build national capacities in developing countries
To reduce technology costs by expanding markets
Align economic policy with consumers
Continue and expand support for R&D of renewables and to
promote cooperative programmes of developing and
industrialized countries
Perform a careful analysis of potential and strategic planning
(resources, technologies, products)
Help develop and demonstrate renewable projects
Promote subsidies programmes through governments of the
country
Encourage industry to make voluntary global commitments
ICS-UNIDO
Technical Areas
Pure and Applied Chemistry
•Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
•Environmentally degradable plastics (EDP’s),
•Remediation
•Combinatorial chemistry/technologies, molecular design
Earth, Environmental and Marine
Sciences and Technologies
•Decision-support systems for sustainable industrial
development,
•Coastal zone management,
•Medicinal and aromatic plants
High Technology and New Materials
•Laser applications and optical technologies,
•New materials,
•Renewable Energies,
• Telecommunication technologies
ICS
Tools
1) Awareness and capacity building
(ICS Fellowships, research, training courses, workshops)
2) Project development and promotion
3) In-house expertise
4) Networking, focal points, cooperating centres)
(Links to UNIDO Global Network, Cleaner Production
Centres, Regional Programmes)
¾Worldwide focus:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES & COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
Synergy with UNIDO Global Programme
A)
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Planned Awareness building activities 2006:
Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
EGM on “Technologies for Exploitation of Renewable Feedstock and Waste
Valorisation”, 20-30 May 2006 Trieste, Italy
Workshop on “Exploitation of renewable bio-feedstock for energy production
and chemical industry” July 2006, Malaysia
Workshop on “Emerging Technologies for pollution reduction and for pollution
prevention” September 2006, Cairo, Egypt
B) In house development of expertise tools
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Survey of technologies for exploitation of renewable feedstocks for biobased products (technological, economic, environmental parameters)
Decision support tool for assessment of technologies for renewable
feedstock exploitation
Strategies for developing countries: resources / technologies / products
C) Examples of project proposal / concepts to ICSUNIDO in the sector of exploitation of
renewable resources
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Malaysia: activities of Clean Catalytic Technology Centre for
exploitation of renewable feedstocks (palm oil)
China: production of bio-degradable plastics from
renewable feedstocks
India: valorisation of cashew nut oil
Africa: valorisation of sugar cane agro wastes
Africa: green extraction and catalytic valorisation of
valuable feedstocks from local plants (production of “high
added value” chemicals)
Argentina: biofuels exploitation (diesel and ethanol)
Brazil: ethanol valorisation
Russia: conversion of biomass in vaulable fuels
Clean Catalytic Technology Center
Malaysia and South East Asian Countries
• Promotion of clean catalytic technologies for the
conversion of crop-based sustainable industrial
processes
• Technology scale-up and commercialization
• Network of cooperating institution and companies
• Enhance the environmental, economic and social
benefits of palm and coconut oil industries
Indonesia
2, 461, 828 ha
Thailand
210, 000 ha
Cambodia
Area 1
Malaysia
3, 627, 229 ha
60% of cultivated land
Philippines
29, 000 ha
38, 000 ha
Clean Catalytic Technology Center
Malaysia and South East Asian Countries
Activity
• Valorization of glycerol
Epoxidized palm oil
Glycerol
Polyol
Isocyanates
Water /HCFC/HC Additives
Polyurethane
Rigid, Semi-rigid or Flexible PUF
Variety of applications
Projects for green plastics
(China, Indonesia, Austria, Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Canada)
2008 – GREENOLYMP
Green Olympic Games, Beijing,
Project requested by Chinese Institutions
Alcaligenes latus
Cells for the production of environmentally
degradable plastics
Agro food
waste
(by product
of cheese
production)
1st to 45th day
The general structure of polyhydroxyalkanoates
The biosynthetic pathway of PHB and P(HB-HV) in Alcaligenes eutrophus
www.unido.org
UNIDO’s Renewable and Rural Energy Programme
Current Activities
Promoting renewable energy for rural electrification and industrial
applications
Promoting rural energy for productive uses and industrial activities;
and linked social benefits
Enhancing access of the rural poor to affordable and sustainable
energy services
Supporting training and capacity building for manufacture, local
assembly and maintenance of renewable energy technologies /
systems – (i.e. Small Hydro and Biomass Technologies)
Organizing global forum activities and providing strategic expert
advice on renewable energy technologies and energy policy
planning and institutional framework (EGMs in Bioenergy and
Small Hydro Power)
www.unido.org
UNIDO’s Renewable and Rural Energy Programme
Some of the Ongoing Projects and Programmes are:
Small / Micro Hydro Power based power generation projects in
Indonesia, Sri Lanka, China and India in Asia, and Zambia,
Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Rwanda and Mali in
Africa.
Solar PV based projects in Maldives, India, Zambia, Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda.
Biomass energy based projects in Cuba, Zambia, India and SriLanka and Bio-diesel project in Croatia
Wind energy based projects in Cuba, Maldives and India.
Renewable Energy Powered Community Development Centres
for running common facilities including ICTs as replicable
and sustainable models
Youth entrepreneurship development based on renewable
energy technologies in Zambia, India and Mexico
Global meetings to promote renewable energy in the LAC, Asia
and Africa regions
www.unido.org
Renewable and Rural Energy Programme
Impacts
Enhanced access to rural communities to modern energy services based on
renewable energy technologies and linked income generation activities –
i.e. Small Hydro projects in India, Rwanda, Sri Lanka and Biomass projects
in Cuba and Zambia
Technology transfer and increased capacity of local enterprises in
manufacture, assembly and maintenance of renewable energy equipment
and services – Being undertaken in Cuba and Zambia under GEF funded
renewable energy projects and Small Hydro projects under implementation
in various countries
Reduction in GHG emissions through increased use of renewable energy
technologies – (i.e. in Zambia GEF project alone - direct impact will be
220,000 tCO2 emission reduction, about 5,000 number of dwellings to be
electrified, and 25,000 of additional rural people served with RE based
Mini-Grids).
Two International Centres
International Centre for Small Hydro Power (ICSHP), Hangzhou, China
(functioning since 1996) and Centre for Biomass Technologies, Bangalore,
India (proposed) to disseminate information, facilitate technology
diffusion, build regional/national capacities, create network and
partnerships and promote renewable energy technologies through SouthSouth cooperation.
Strategic Partnership
EC
PROGRAMMES
Developing and
In transition countries
•Industry
•SMEs
•Institutions
ICS-UNIDO
UNIDO
Possible ways:
-Component of individual technology platforms and 7th FP Programme
(SusChem, EPOBIO…)
- Specific platform for technology promotion and transfer to developing world:
-Network of platforms / strategic agreement dedicated to cooperation with
developing countries