grammar tidbits 1

GRAMMAR TIDBITS – PART 1 (EXPLANATION)
1 FIVE THINGS TO REMEMBER
1) want to do something
2) decide to do something
3) be afraid of something
4) be interested in something
5) listen to somebody or something
Henry wants to see you. Henry tě chce vidět.
I decided to tell her the truth. Rozhodl jsem se říct jí pravdu.
Nancy is afraid of dogs. Nancy se bojí psů.
John is interested in golf. Johna zajímá golf.
I often listen to sad music. Často poslouchám smutnou hudbu.
2 NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE – say x tell
TELL – je přímo (bez předložky) uvedeno, komu to říká
- He didn't tell me everything. Neřekl mi všechno.
- Tell James I don't need his help. Řekni Jamesovi, že nepotřebuji jeho pomoc.
- She told him that she was joking. Řekla mu, že si dělá srandu.
SAY – nesmí být přímo (bez předložky) uvedeno, komu to říká
- Tom didn't say anything. Tom nic neřekl.
- He always says what he thinks. Vždycky říká, co si myslí.
- She said that she was joking. Řekla, že si dělá srandu.
3 PHRASAL VERBS
1) look for hledat (He is looking for his keys. Hledá klíče.)
2) find out zjistit (I found out that she was married. Zjistil jsem, že je vdaná.)
3) break up rozejít se (She broke up with her boyfriend. Rozešla se s přítelem.)
4) fall down spadnout (He fell down. Spadl.)
5) get on with somebody vycházet s někým (She gets on well with her mother. Vychází dobře se svojí matkou.)
6) give up vzdát to / vzdát se něčeho (Never give up! Nikdy to nevzdávej. He gave up smoking. Přestal s kouřením.)
7) go out with somebody chodit s někým (They are going out together. Chodí spolu.)
8) grow up dospět, vyrůst (What do you want to do when you grow up? Co chceš dělat, až vyrosteš?)
4 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME – at, in, on
AT se vztahuje k nějakému bodu v čase
- používá o čase na hodinách (at seven o’clock – v sedm hodin, at midnight – o půlnoci)
- používá se v některých výjimečných případech: at night, at Christmas, at Easter, at the weekend.
IN se vztahuje k nějakému dalšímu časovému období
- používá se o denní době (in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, pozor: at night je výjimka)
- používá se o měsících (in June, in February, etc.)
- používá se o ročních obdobích (in the spring, in the winter, etc.)
- používá se o rocích, desetiletích a staletích (in 1968, in the 1980s, in the 15th century)
ON se vztahuje k nějakému dni
- on Monday, on 6th July, on my birthday
POZOR – je-li použito více časových výrazů, má předložka on přednost vždy, když jde o nějaký konkrétní den:
in the evening x on Saturday evening
at Christmas x on Christmas Day
GRAMMAR TIDBITS – PART 1 (PRACTICE)
1 Complete the following sentences with one word.
1 You should listen _____________________________ him.
2 Children grow _____________________________ very quickly.
3 Classes start _____________________________ eight _____________________________ the morning.
4 I just want to find _____________________________ what happened.
5 Are you afraid _____________________________ blood?
6 They decided _____________________________ close the factory.
7 Why are you wearing sunglasses _____________________________ night?
8 It was a mistake to break _____________________________ with you.
2 Translate
1 V říjnu jsem navštívil svoji babičku. __________________________________________________________________
2 Chci ti něco říct. _________________________________________________________________________________
3 Moje sestra chodí s Tomem (nyní). __________________________________________________________________
4 Hledáš ty klíče? __________________________________________________________________________________
5 Co jsi dělal o víkendu? _____________________________________________________________________________
6 Ona říká, že jsi nemocný. __________________________________________________________________________
7 Nikdy bys to neměl vzdát. __________________________________________________________________________
8 Viděl jsem ji ve čtvrtek. ____________________________________________________________________________
3 Choose the correct option.
1 I'm not interested _____ your problems.
2 How many languages do you _____?
3 Why doesn't the moon fall _____?
4 Tom gets _____ well with all his neighbours.
5 Galileo died _____ January 8, 1642.
6 Tom and Mary decided _____ married.
7 Can you _____ us about it?
8 Christmas Day falls _____ December 25th every year.
A) at
A) say
A) down
A) on
A) at
A) get
A) say
A) at
B) in
B) tell
B) away
B) out
B) in
B) to get
B) tell
B) in
C) on
C) speak
C) up
C) up
C) on
C) getting
C) speak
C) on
4 Answer the following questions. Use FULL SENTENCES.
1 When is your birthday? Write the day and month.
___________________________________________________
2 When is your birthday? Write the month only.
___________________________________________________
3 When were you born? Write the year.
___________________________________________________
4 What do you want to do this afternoon?
___________________________________________________
5 Are you afraid of spiders?
___________________________________________________
6 Do you get on well with your parents?
___________________________________________________
7 What radio station do you listen to?
___________________________________________________
8 What are you interested in?
___________________________________________________
5 Write AT, IN or ON.
1 _____ Christmas
2 _____ Christmas Day
3 _____ the evening
4 _____ the afternoon
5 _____ night
6 _____ February
7 _____ 1320
8 _____ half past six
9 _____ noon
10 _____ 8th March
11 _____ New Year's Day
12 _____ the autumn
13 _____ August
14 _____ 6:10
15 _____ Wednesday
6 Complete the sentences with said or told.
1 You never _____________________________ me about this. That's not right.
2 I _____________________________ them the story of the three little pigs.
3 I _____________________________ Mary how proud I was of her.
4 He _____________________________ something I didn't understand.
5 He _____________________________ that he had things that he needed to do.
6 Tom _____________________________ his parents that he had no homework.