TASK 1 - NatTech

Transkript

TASK 1 - NatTech

Název projektu:
Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání
v Moravskoslezském kraji
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Název výstupu:
Výukový materiál
Účel:
Výuka metodou CLIL
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
1. ročník oboru Mechatronik
Jazyková úroveň: A2–B1
Autor:
Mgr. Kamila Weintrittová
Seznam témat
1.
Physical Units ............................................................................................ 6
2.
Mechanics – basic terms ......................................................................... 12
3.
Motion .................................................................................................... 16
4.
Uniformly Accelerated Motion ................................................................ 20
5.
Velocity ................................................................................................... 23
6.
Acceleration ............................................................................................ 27
7.
Free Fall .................................................................................................. 32
8.
Circular Motion ....................................................................................... 36
9.
Dynamics – introduction ......................................................................... 40
10.
Newton´s Laws of Motion ....................................................................... 44
11.
Momentum ............................................................................................. 48
12.
Friction .................................................................................................... 52
13.
Centripetal and Centrifugal Force ........................................................... 57
14.
Mechanical Work .................................................................................... 61
15.
Kinetic and Potential Energy ................................................................... 65
16.
Mechanical Energy .................................................................................. 69
17.
Law of Conservation of Energy ................................................................ 73
18.
Power, Efficiency..................................................................................... 78
19.
Mechanics of a Rigid Body ...................................................................... 82
20.
Rigid Body Motion................................................................................... 86
21.
Moment of a Force ................................................................................. 89
22.
Composition of Forces ............................................................................ 93
23.
A Couple of Forces .................................................................................. 96
24.
Centre of Mass ...................................................................................... 100
25.
The principle of Moments ..................................................................... 104
26.
Simple Machines ................................................................................... 109
27.
Rolling resistance .................................................................................. 114
28.
Properties of Liquids ............................................................................. 118
29.
Pascal´s Law .......................................................................................... 122
30.
Hydrostatic pressure ............................................................................. 125
31.
Atmospheric Pressure ........................................................................... 129
32.
Archimedes ´ Law .................................................................................. 133
33.
Solid Body Floating................................................................................ 137
34.
Fluid Flow .............................................................................................. 140
35.
Bernoulli´s Principle .............................................................................. 145
36.
Turbines ................................................................................................ 149
37.
Aerodynamics ....................................................................................... 153
38.
State of Matter ..................................................................................... 158
39.
Ideal Gas ............................................................................................... 162
40.
Kinetic Theory ....................................................................................... 166
41.
Thermodynamics .................................................................................. 171
42.
Measure Temperature .......................................................................... 175
43.
Heat Transformation ............................................................................. 179
44.
Matter State Changes ........................................................................... 184
45.
Ideal Gas State Equation ....................................................................... 187
46.
Thermodynamic Process ....................................................................... 191
47.
Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process .................................................. 195
48.
Adiabatic Process .................................................................................. 199
49.
Real Gas ................................................................................................ 204
50.
Solid Body Structure.............................................................................. 208
51.
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids ......................................................... 213
52.
Crystal Lattice ....................................................................................... 217
53.
Solid body Deformation ........................................................................ 221
54.
Hooke´s Law.......................................................................................... 224
55.
Thermal Expansion ................................................................................ 228
56.
Liquid Structure .................................................................................... 232
57.
Surface Tension..................................................................................... 236
58.
Elevation, Depression............................................................................ 239
59.
Thermal Expansion of Liquids................................................................ 244
60.
The Solar System ................................................................................... 248
61.
The Sun ................................................................................................. 252
62.
Stars ...................................................................................................... 256
63.
Galaxy ................................................................................................... 261
64.
Review .................................................................................................. 264
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Physical Units
Účel:
materiál pro výuku metodou CLIL
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
1. ročník obor Mechatronik
Jazyková úroveň: A2-B1
Časová dotace:
část vyučovací hodiny
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
aktivizace poznatků o soustavě jednotek a jejich převodech
jazykový –
Big numbers, fractions, meaning of prepositions (nano, deci,
kilo, giga etc)
Pomůcky:
PC, dataprojektor, interaktivní tabule
WORKSHEET NO. 1
YEAR:
1.
Physical Units
SUBJECT:
Physics
1. Physical Units
UNITS = clearly defined standards for measurement of physical
quantities. There are seven SI base units in the International System
of Units.
TASK 1:
1. Give some examples of derived units.
2. What are Physical Constants, give some examples.
3. What other systems of units do you know?1
TASK 2:
Fill in the missing units and symbols:
Quantity
SI unit Symbol
Mass
Length
Time
Electric current
Temperature
Luminous intensity
Amount of substance
1
SI Units and Physical Constants. 2007. Wiley online dictionary [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470511329.indsp2/pdf
TASK 3:
What do the following prefixes mean: deci, giga, nano, kilo? Convert:
10 decilitres to litres, 1.2 mm to km, 4362 g to kg.
TASK 4:
Since the UK measurements are not interchangeable to SI units you
need to know the conversions between both systems. Complete the
table below: (If you need any help, go on http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html)2
English units
Mile
SI unit
Kilometer
Meter
Centimeter
Conversion
1ft=0.305 m
Pound
Grams
Gallon
Kelvin
2
0 Degree C= 273.15 K
The International System of Units. 2014. Tripod [online]. [cit. 2015-05-12]. Dostupné z:
http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1. Joule, J for energy/work/heat, watt, W for power, volt, V for
voltage, ohm, Ω for el. resistance etc.
2. Physical quantity universal in nature and constant in time:
Planck´s c., the speed of light, the gravitational c.
3. British metrical system
TASK 2:
Quantity
SI unit
Mass
kilogram
kg
Length
metre
m
Time
second
s
Electric current
ampere
A
Temperature
kelvin
K
Luminous intensity
candela
cd
Amount of substance mole
Symbol
mol
TASK 4:
English units
Mile
Foot
Inch
Pound
Ounce
Gallon
Celsius
SI unit
Kilometer
Meter
Centimeter
Grams
Grams
Liter
Kelvin
Conversion
1 mile = 1.609 km
1ft= 0.305 m
1 inch = 2.52 cm
1 lb = 453.59 g
1 oz = 28.356 g
1 gallon = 3.79 l
0 Degree C= 273.15 K
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amount of substance
əˈmaʊnt əv ˈsʌbstəns
látkové množství
Constant
ˈkɒnstənt
konstanta
Conversion
kənˈvɜːʃən
převod
Convert
kənˈvɜːt
převést (jednotky)
Defined
dɪˈfaɪnd
vymezený, definovaný
Degree
dɪˈgriː
stupeň
Electric current
ɪˈlektrɪk ˈkʌrənt
elektrický proud
Gallon
ˈgælən
galon
Interchangeable
ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl
zaměnitelný
Length
leŋθ
délka
Luminous intensity
ˈluːmɪnəs ɪnˈtensɪtɪ
svítivost
Mass
mæs
hmotnost
Measure
ˈmeʒə
(z)měřit, rozměr/míra
Mile
maɪl
míle
Physical quantity
ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈkwɒntɪtɪ
fyzikální veličina
Pound
paʊnd
libra
Prefix
ˈpriːfɪks
předpona
SI base units
esˈʌɪ ˈbeɪs ˈjuːnɪts
SI derived units
esˈʌɪ dɪˈraɪvd ˈjuːnɪts
Standard
ˈstændəd
norma
Table
ˈteɪbəl
tabulka
Task
tɑːsk
úkol, úloha
Temperature
ˈtemprɪtʃə
teplota
Unit
ˈjuːnɪt
jednotka
základní
soustavy
odvozené
soustavy
jednotky
jednotky
si
si
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mechanics – basic terms
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace pojmů k tématu mechanika
jazykový –
English and Czech terms and units
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 2
YEAR:
1.
Mechanics – basic terms
SUBJECT:
Physics
2. Mechanics – basic terms
Classical mechanics is concerned with the set of physical laws
describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of
forces.
TASK 1:
Fill in the symbols, units and the Czech equivalents to English terms:
English
momentum
velocity
work
energy
force
acceleration
Symbol
Unit
TASK 2:
Match the Czech terms to their English equivalents
gravitace
free fall
přímočarý rovnoměrný pohyb
momentum
tření
mass
hybnost
gravity
volný pád
friction
Czech
linear motion3
hmota
Solution:
TASK 1:
English
momentum
velocity
work
energy
force
acceleration
Symbol
p
v
W
E
F
a
Unit
Kg*m/s
Km/h
joule
joule
newton
m/s2
Czech
hybnost
rychlost
práce
energie
síla
zrychlení
TASK 2:
gravitace – gravity, přímočarý pohyb – linear motion, tření – friction,
hybnost – momentum, volný pád – free fall, hmota – mass
3
CIVE1140:Fundamentals of Mechanics. 2002. Http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html [online]. [cit. 2015-0506]. Dostupné z: http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Acceleration
ækˌseləˈreɪʃən
zrychlení
Basic term
ˈbeɪsɪk ˈtɜːm
základní pojem, termín
Concern with sth.
kənˈsɜːn ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ
zabývat se něčím
Describe
dɪˈskraɪb
popsat
Equivalent
ɪˈkwɪvələnt
ekvivalent
Fill in
ˈfɪl ˈɪn
doplnit
Force
fɔːs
síla
Free fall
ˈfriː ˈfɔːl
volný pád
Friction
ˈfrɪkʃən
tření
Gravity
ˈgrævɪtɪ
gravitace
Linear motion
ˈlɪnɪə ˈməʊʃən
přímočarý pohyb
Match
mætʃ
přiřadit
Mechanics
mɪˈkænɪk
mechanika
Momentum
məʊˈmentəm
hybnost
Physical laws
ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈlɔːz
fyzikální zákony
Velocity
vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ
rychlost
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Motion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Sumarizace a upevnění poznatků o přímočarém pohybu
jazykový –
Guessing a meaning from the context
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 3
Motion
SUBJECT:
Physics
3. Motion
TASK 1:
Complete the definition of linear motion:
Motion at a c.......................speed and in a s....................line.
TASK 2:
Draw the graphs of linear and uniformly accelerated motion and
explain the differences. Can you guess the meaning of the word
accelerated?
TASK 3:
1. Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from dayto- day live.
2. What sports use linear motion?4
4
Uniform motion. 2014. Http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z:
http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Motion at a constant speed and in a straight line.
TASK 2, 3:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
Pronunciation
English
Czech
Complete
kəmˈpliːt
doplnit, dodělat
Constant
ˈkɒnstənt
konstantní, neměnný
Definition
ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən
definice
Difference
ˈdɪfrəns
rozdíl
Graph
grɑːf
graf, diagram
Guess
ges
hádat, odhadovat
Meaning
ˈmiːnɪŋ
význam, smysl
Straight
streɪt
přímý
Uniformly
ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmli
rovnoměrně
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Znaky, grafické znázornění rovnoměrně zrychleného pohybu
jazykový –
Word formation
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 4
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
SUBJECT:
Physics
4. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
1. What is the difference between linear and uniformly
accelerated motion? Suggest the meaning and the way of
formation of the word accelerated.
2. Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from
everyday life.
3. Look at the graphs of uniformly accelerated motion at
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motionalong-line/content-section-1.6.1
4. Describe the changes of velocity, acceleration and position
depending on time.
5. Create a simple table showing the results of your findings.5
5
Describing motion along the line. 2015. Http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1 [online].
[cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Depend on
dɪˈpend ɒn
záviset na
Findings
ˈfaɪndɪŋz
nálezy, závěry, zjištění
Result
rɪˈzʌlt
výsledek
Suggest
səˈdʒest
navrhnout
Uniformly accelerated
ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmlɪ ækˈseləˌreɪtɪd
rovnoměrně zrychlený
Way of formation
ˈweɪ ˈɒv fɔːˈmeɪʃən
způsob vytvoření
Word
wɜːd
slovo
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Velocity
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rychlost a její matematické vyjádření
jazykový –
Comparison, using adjectives
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 5
YEAR:
1.
Velocity
SUBJECT:
Physics
5. Velocity
Tells us how much an object's position changes in time
TASK 1:
1. Does the speed and velocity mean the same?
2. What are the main differences between them?
3. Can you explain what average velocity is and how it can be
calculated.
TASK 2:
1. What is the velocity and speed of an object travelling from its
starting point and returning to the same point?
2. Theresa has to walk to the shop to buy some milk. After walking
100m, she realises that she does not have enough money, and
goes back home. If it took her two minutes to leave and come
back, calculate the following:

How far did she walk?

What was her average velocity?
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1. No, it does not
2. Speed: depends on the path taken, is always positive, is a scalar
Velocity: independent on the path taken, positive or negative, is a
vector
3. average velocity - the total displacement of a body over a time
interval, is describing by the formula:
𝑣=
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
∆𝑠 1 𝑚
=
= 1𝑚𝑠 −1
∆𝑡
1𝑠
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Average
ˈævrɪdʒ
průměr, průměrný
Calculate
ˈkælkjʊˌleɪt
(vy)počítat
Displacement
dɪsˈpleɪsmənt
vytlačení, odsunutí,
nahrazení
Formula
ˈfɔːmjʊlə
vzorec
Mean
miːn
znamenat
Object
ˈɒbdʒɪkt
předmět, objekt
Path
pɑːθ
dráha (pohybu)
Point
pɔɪnt
bod, místo
Realise
ˈrɪəˌlaɪz
uvědomit si
Vector
ˈvektə
vektor
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Acceleration
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata zrychleného pohybu, matematické vyjádření
zrychlení
jazykový –
Quantifiers (either, neither, both, some, any)
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 6
Acceleration
SUBJECT:
Physics
6. Acceleration
TASK 1:
Read the text about acceleration, if necessary check the meaning of
unknown words in your vocabulary list:
Acceleration is a vector quantity (with both magnitude and direction)
that is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. An
object is accelerating if it is changing its velocity, no matter if it
neither sped up nor slowed down. In everyday life the meaning of
acceleration is often confused either by sports announcers or other
people. The object or person is saying to accelerate when moving
fast. Yet acceleration has nothing to do with going fast. If they are not
changing their velocity, then they are not accelerating.
There are two kinds of acceleration: average and instantaneous.
Calculating acceleration involves dividing velocity by time. Thus the SI
unit is the meter per second squared.
Since acceleration is a vector quantity, it has a direction associated
with it. Generally, if an object is slowing down, then its acceleration is
in the opposite direction of its motion. 6
6
Acceleration. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration
TASK 2:
Check your understanding.
1. Give the symbol, formula and unit of acceleration.
2. Can the acceleration be both positive and negative?
3. Does the object accelerate when moving fast?
4. What does the slogan “zero to sixty in 7.6 second” known from
car ads refer to?
5. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in
2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration.
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
1. a = Δ v/Δ t, m/s/s
2. Yes.
3. No, if there is no change in velocity.
4. A car takes 6.7 s to reach a speed of 60 mph starting from a
complete stop.
5. vi = 18.5 m/s, vf = 46.1 m/s, t = 2.47 s, a = ?
a = Δ v/Δ t = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s) = 11.2 m/s2
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Acceleration
zrychlení
Announcer
əˈnaʊnsə
hlasatel
Average acceleration
ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ ækˌseləˈreɪʃən
průměrné zrychlení
Check
tʃek
zkontrolovat, (pr)ověřit
Confuse
kənˈfjuːz
poplést, zaměnit
Define
dɪˈfaɪn
definovat, stanovit
Determine
dɪˈtɜːmɪn
určit, stanovit
Direction
daɪ-/dɪˈrekʃən
směr
Divide by sth.
dɪˈvaɪd ˈbaɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ
vydělit něčím
Either… or
ˈaɪðə/ ˈiːðə ˈɔː
buď… (a)nebo
Instantaneous
acceleration
ˌɪnstənˈteɪnɪəs
okamžité zrychlení
Magnitude
ˈmægnɪˌtjuːd
rozměr, rozsah, velikost
Rate
reɪt
míra, frekvence
Since
sɪns
protože, vzhledem k tomu,
že
Squared
ˈskweəd
čtvereční, na druhou
Vector quantity
ˈvektə ˈkwɒntɪtɪ
vektorová veličina
Velocity
vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ
rychlost
Yet
jet
přesto
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Free Fall
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
1. ročník oboru Nechatronik
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vysvětlení podstaty volného pádu, příklady z praxe
jazykový –
Verb forms (Present Perfect)
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 7
YEAR:
1.
Free Fall
SUBJECT:
Physics
7. Free Fall
Any object which is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is in
a state called free fall; it does not encounter air resistance
TASK 1:
1. A free-falling object has a special acceleration. Give its symbol
and numerical value.
2. Does this numerical value changes in different gravitational
environments or is still the same?
TASK 2:
The distance that a free-falling object has fallen from a position of
rest depends on the time of fall and is given by the formula:
𝑑 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝑡 2
Calculate the distance after a time given and draw the diagram
showing the results for a free-falling object dropped from a position
of rest.7
TIME
0s
DISTANCE
7
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
Introduction to free fall. 2015. The physics classroom/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08].
Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
It´s known as the acceleration of gravity: g = 9.8 m/s/s and it changes
its numerical value in different gravitational environments.
TASK 2:
TIME
0s 1s
2s
DISTANCE 0m 9,8m 19.6m
3s
29m
4s
5s
39.2m 49m
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Air resistance
ˈeə rɪˈzɪstəns
odpor vzduchu
Characteristic
ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk
vlastnost, znak
Consider
kənˈsɪdə
brát v úvahu
Diagram
ˈdaɪəˌgræm
schéma, graf
Downwards
ˈdaʊnwədz
směrem dolů
Earth
ɜːθ
Země
Environment
ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt
prostředí
Gravity
ˈgrævɪtɪ
gravitace
Numerical value
njuːˈmerɪkəl ˈvæljuː
číselná odnota
Position of rest
pəˈzɪʃən ˈɒv ˈrest
klidová poloha
State
steɪt
stav
Value
ˈvæljuː
hodnota
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Circular Motion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Charakteristika pohybu po kružnici, základní pojmy
jazykový –
Object description
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 8
YEAR:
1.
Circular Motion
SUBJECT:
Physics
8. Circular Motion
Obrázek 1 Graph of Circular motion
8
TASK 1:
1. Describe the graph of circular motion and give the formulas for
calculating angular velocity and acceleration.
2. Why is an object accelerating when undergoing uniform circular
motion and moving with a constant speed?
3. What is it a net force?
4. Can you give an example of the circular motion in any sports? 9
8
9
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circular_motion_of_point_mass.png?uselang=cs
Uniform circular motion. 2015. Sparknotes [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:
http://www.sparknotes.com/physics/dynamics/uniformcircularmotion/section1.rhtml
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
𝑑𝜃
 Angular velocity formula: v = r 𝑑𝑡 , acceleration formula: a =
𝑣2
𝑟
 Since velocity is a vector with both – magnitude and direction,
changes in the magnitude/direction mean a change in the
velocity, thus the object is accelerating.
 A centripetal force which is directed towards the centre of the
circle, it causes the object moving round the circle.
 Any turn.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Accelerate
ækˈseləˌreɪt
zrychlit
Angular velocity
ˈæŋgjʊlə vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ
úhlová rychlost
Centripetal
ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l
dostředivý
Circular motion
ˈsɜːkjʊlə ˈməʊʃən
pohyb po kružnici
Constant speed
ˈkɒnstənt ˈspi:d
konstantní rychlost
Thus
ðʌs
tudíž
Undergo
ˌʌndəˈgəʊ
podstoupit
Uniform
ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːm
rovnoměrný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Dynamics - introduction
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Seznámení se základními pojmy, symboly, jednotkami
jazykový –
Basic English terms and their Czech equivalents, language
transformation
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 9
YEAR:
1.
Dynamics - introduction
SUBJECT:
Physics
9. Dynamics – introduction
TASK 1:
Translate the following characteristics of dynamics:
 odvětví fyziky zabývající se příčinami vzniku a změn pohybu
 je protikladem kinematiky
TASK 2:
Match the terms to their definitions, give the Czech equivalents.
1. force
2. inertia
3. inertial reference frame
4. mass
5. newton
6. weight
a) the gravitational force exerted on a given mass
b) the amount of matter in a given body
c) any frame in which Newton´s Laws are valid
d) the tendency of an object to remain at constant
velocity
e) it is defined as a push and a pull
f) a unit of force
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
1e, 2d, 3c, 4b, 5f, 6a
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amount
əˈmaʊnt
množství
Branch
brɑːntʃ
obor, odvětví
Concern
kənˈsɜːnd
zabývat se
Dynamics
daɪˈnæmɪks
dynamika
Exert
ɪgˈzɜːt
vyvíjet
Gravitational
ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl
gravitační
Inertia
ɪˈnɜːʃə
setrvačnost
Kinematics
ˌkɪnɪˈmatɪks
kinematika
Mass
mæs
masa
Matter
ˈmætə
hmota, látka
Physics
ˈfɪzɪks
fyzika
Remain
rɪˈmeɪn
zůstat
Tendency
ˈtendənsɪ
sklon, tendence
The opposite
ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt
protiklad
Unit
ˈjuːnɪt
jednotka
Valid
ˈvælɪd
platný
Weight
weɪt
váha
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Newton´s Laws of Motion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Znění a aplikace Newtonových zákonů
jazykový –
Improving listening skills
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 10
YEAR:
1.
Newton´s Laws of Motion
SUBJECT:
Physics
10. Newton´s Laws of Motion
Watch the video and then do the tasks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU
TASK 1:
Fill in the gaps with the missing words:
1. A particle will ........... at rest or ......... with its motion , unless
acted upon by an ............. force
2. The force on an object is .........to its ........multiplied by its
....................
𝐹 =𝑚∗𝑎
3. Every action has a/n ............. and ................reaction
10
TASK 2:
 Give some examples of Newton´s laws application in everyday
life.
10
Newton´s 3 (three) laws of Motion.
2013. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1. remain, in line, external
2. equal, mass, acceleration
3. equal, opposite,
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Application
ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən
využití, uplatnění
Equal
ˈiːkwəl
rovnat se, být roven
Everyday life
ˈevrɪˌdeɪ ˈlaɪf
všední život
Gap
gæp
mezera
Law
lɔː
zákon
Multiply
ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ
násobit
Particle
ˈpɑːtɪkəl
částice
Reaction
rɪˈækʃən
reakce
Unless
ʌnˈles
pokud ne
Upon
əˈpɒn
na, za, po
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Momentum
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace poznatků a jejich praktické využití
jazykový –
Making predictions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 11
Momentum
SUBJECT:
Physics
11. Momentum
MOMENTUM can be defined as “mass in motion”. Can you guess why
it is important in predicting the outcome of a collision?
TASK 1:
The momentum of a moving object depends on:
•
its ..................1)
•
its ..................2)
as can be seen from its formula: p = m * v
Momentum is a .............3) quantity its unit is ..................4)
TASK 2:
A car possesses 20 000 units of momentum. What would be the car's
new momentum if
 its velocity was doubled
 its mass was doubled
 both the velocity and mass were doubled11
11
Momentum. 2015. The Physics classroom [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.cfm
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) mass, 2) velocity, 3) vector, 4) kg * m/s
TASK 2:
 p = 40 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the
momentum)
 p = 40 000 units (doubling the mass will double the momentum)
 p = 80 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the
momentum and doubling the mass will also double the
momentum)
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Collision
kəˈlɪʒən
střet, kolize, srážka
Double
ˈdʌbəl
zdvojnásobit
Important
ɪmˈpɔːtənt
důležitý
Momentum
məʊˈmentəm
hybnost
Outcome
ˈaʊtˌkʌm
výsledek
Possess
pəˈzes
mít, vlastnit
Predict
prɪˈdɪkt
předpovídat
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Friction
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a opakování učiva a klíčových pojmů
jazykový –
Adjectives and their forms
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 12
SUBJECT:
Physics
Friction
12. Friction
TASK 1:
Check the meaning of key words before doing the tasks:
resistive force, pushing force, solid object, friction, static, kinetic,
sliding, rolling, fluid, adhesion, surface, roughness, braking distance
TASK 2:
Describe the diagram bellow: explain what friction generally is, what
kind of friction force is applied and what type of friction is shown.
Obrázek 2 Friction force
12
TASK 3:
Think! What is the practical use of braking distance and friction in
everyday life? 13
12
File:Friction diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friction_diagram.png
13
Resistive Force of Friction. School for Champions [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:
http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/friction.htm#.VVchuvntmko
TASK 4:
1. What is the difference between static and kinetic friction, which
is greater?
2. Give the names of three major types of friction and some
examples from everyday life.
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces,
fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. In the
picture we can see example of kinetic sliding friction.
TASK 3:
It is essential for calculating the stopping distance of a vehicle.
TASK 4:
Static friction – there is no motion, pushing force is less than resistive
force of friction
Kinetic friction – objects move, pushing force is greater than friction.
Static friction is greater than kinetic
Type of friction:
 sliding - accelerating car on vet surface
 rolling - moving huge blocks of stone using logs and rollers
 fluid – any movement of water flowing through a hose
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adhesion
ədˈhiːʒən
přilnavost, adheze
Braking distance
ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns
brzdná vzdálenost/dráha
Fluid
ˈfluːɪd
tekutina, kapalina
Friction
ˈfrɪkʃən
tření
Key word
ˈkiːˌwɜːd
klíčové slovo
Kinetic
kɪˈnetɪk
kinetický, pohybový
Motion
ˈməʊʃən
pohyb
Push
pʊʃ
tlačit
Resistive force
rɪˈzɪstɪv ˈfɔːs
odporová síla
Roll
rəʊl
valit (se), kutálet (se)
Roughness
rʌfnɪs / rʌfnəs
hrubost, drsnost
ˈslaɪd
klouzat
Solid
ˈsɒlɪd
tuhý, pevný (skupenství)
Static
ˈstætɪk
nehybný, statický
Surface
ˈsəːfɪs
povrch
Slide
(pt
slid/slidden)
slid,
pp
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rozdíl mezi odstředivou a dostředivou silou, praktické využití
jazykový –
Present Simple questions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 13
Centripetal and Centrifugal
Force
SUBJECT:
Physics
13. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
14
Obrázek 3 Diagram of Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
TASK 1:
In pairs ask and answer questions about centripetal and centrifugal
force in order to summarize your knowledge. Use the diagram and
following hints:
equal and opposite, real force, tendency to fly away, circular motion,
Newton´s laws , the centre of the circular path, mass, velocity radius,
TASK 2:
THINK! The centrifugal force is thought to cause a body to fly out of
its circular path when it is released. Is it true?15
14
File:Centripetal force and reaction.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16].
Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Centripetal_force_and_reaction.svg?uselang=cs
15
Centripetal force and centrifugal force. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/centripetal-force-centrifugal-force.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own questions/answers
TASK 2:
In fact it is the removal of the centripetal force that allows the body
to travel in a straight line as required by Newton's first law.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Axis
ˈæksɪs
osa
Centrifugal
ˌsɛntrɪˈfjuːg(ə)l
odstředivý
Centripetal
ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l
dostředivý
Circular
ˈsəːkjʊlə
kruhový
Hint
hɪnt
nápověda, tip
Knowledge
ˈnɒlɪdʒ
vědomost(i)
Opposite
ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt
opačný
Radius
ˈreɪdɪəs
poloměr
Release
rɪˈliːs
uvolnit, pustit
Rotation
rəʊˈteɪʃən
rotace, otáčení
ˈsʌməˌraɪz
shrnout
Summarize
summarise)
(BrE
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mechanical Work
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aplikace získaných poznatků v praxi, shrnutí učiva
jazykový –
Conditionals
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 14
YEAR:
1.
Mechanical Work
SUBJECT:
Physics
14. Mechanical Work
When a force is used to move something, the work is done, it is the
transfer of mechanical energy.
Work done = force x distance = ................................1)
The unit is ......................2), it is a ........................3) quantity.
TASK 1:
 Is work done if nothing is actually moving (no matter how great
the force is)?
 If there is positive work, can negative work be done as well?
 What is the work done if the forces act at angles to the
direction of motion? 16
16
Introduction to Work and Energy. 2015. Boundless.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné z:
https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/work-and-energy6/introduction-60/introduction-to-work-and-energy-273-6944/
SOLUTION:
Missing words: 1) W=F*d, 2) joule, 3) vector
TASK 1:
 NO, because the distance is 0.
 YES, it usually acts in the opposite direction.
 W = F*d*cos 
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Actually
ˈæktʃʊəlɪ
skutečně, ve skutečnosti
Angle
ˈæŋgəl
úhel
Distance
ˈdɪstəns
vzdálenost
Joule
dʒuːl
joule (jednotka)
Mechanical work
mɪˈkænɪkəl ˈwɜːk
mechanická práce
Move
muːv
hýbat (se), pohnout (se)
Nothing
ˈnʌθɪŋ
nic
Transfer
ˈtrænsfɜː
přenos
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Kinetic and Potential Energy
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Sumarizace rozdílů mezi kinetickou a potenciální energií
jazykový –
Passive voice
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 15
YEAR:
1.
Kinetic and Potential Energy
SUBJECT:
Physics
15. Kinetic and Potential Energy
TASK 1:
Choose the correct option:
1. Kinetic energy is energy due to position/motion.
1
2. It is defined by equation: E= m*s2 / v2.
2
3. Where m is weight/mass.
4. The work done on a body is equal to/different to its change in
kinetic energy.
5. If you double the speed, the minimum stopping distance will be
quadrupled/the same.
6. The work that can be done to an object is called potential/
mechanical.
7. It does not matter/matters what path is taken.17
TASK 2:
In your own words summarize what you have already known about
the topic using passive voice if possible.
17
What is Energy? 2006. Railroad Commision - Energy Education [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné
z: http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/what_is_energy/index.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) motion, 2) v2 , 3) mass, 4) equal to, 5) quadrupled, 6) mechanical,
7) matters
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Body
ˈbɒdɪ
těleso
Choose
tʃuːz
vybrat
Correct
kəˈrekt
správný
Define
dɪˈfaɪn
vymezit, definovat
Due to
djuː tuː
kvůli, díky
Equation
ɪˈkweɪʒən/ ɪˈkweɪʃən
rovnice
Kinetic
kɪˈnetɪk
kinetický
Option
ˈɒpʃən
možnost
Position
pəˈzɪʃən
poloha
Potential
pəˈtenʃəl
potenciální
Quadrupled
ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)ld
čtyřnásobný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mechanical Energy
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a upevnění učiva
jazykový –
Word order
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 16
YEAR:
1.
Mechanical Energy
SUBJECT:
Physics
16. Mechanical Energy
MECHANICAL ENERGY is the sum of a body´s kinetic and potential
energy: E= EK + EP
TASK 1:
Put the words to the correct order to make sentences:
1. contains/object/mechanical energy/every/in motion.
2. type of energy/converted/mechanical energy/cannot be/to
another.
3. position and motion/of an object/with/is associated/the
mechanical energy/its.
4. can convert/machines/heat/some/mechanical energy/into.
5. mechanical energy/an object/has the ability/if/contains/to do
work/it.
6. in
temperature/it
decreases/when/an
object/mechanical
energy/loses.18
TASK 2:
Decide if the statements above are true or false.
18
Mechanical Energy Facts. 2015. SoftSchools.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-14]. Dostupné z:
http://www.softschools.com/facts/energy/mechanical_energy_facts/396/
SOLUTION:
TASK 1, 2:
1. Every object in motion contains mechanical energy. T
2. Mechanical energy cannot be converted to another type of
energy. F
3. The mechanical energy of an object is associated with its
position and motion. T
4. Some machines can convert heat into mechanical energy. T
5. If an object contains mechanical energy, it has an ability to do
work. T
6. When an object loses mechanical energy, it decreases in
temperature. F
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Ability
əˈbɪlɪti
schopnost
Associate with
əˈsəʊʃɪˌeɪt ˈwɪθ
spojovat (si) s
Contain
kənˈteɪn
obsahovat
Convert
kənˈvɜːt
přeměnit
Decrease
dɪˈkriːs
klesnout, zmenšit (se)
Heat
hiːt
teplo, horko
Lose (pt&pp lost)
luːz
ztratit
Statement
ˈsteɪtmənt
tvrzení, výrok
Sum
sʌm
součet
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Law of Conservation of Energy
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
1. ročník oboru Mecharonik
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Objasnění fyzikálního zákona a jeho praktické využití
jazykový –
Prepositions (to, out, from through)
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 17
YEAR:
1.
Law of Conservation of Energy
SUBJECT:
Physics
17. Law of Conservation of Energy
ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. IT CAN BE
TRANSFERED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER. (The total amount of
energy in a closed system will remain the same)
Total energy in = Total energy out
In a car several energy transformations are involved:
 Chemical energy in the fuel converted to kinetic energy of
expanding gas
 Kinetic energy of expanding gas converted to linear piston
movement
 Linear piston movement converted to rotary crankshaft
movement19
TASK 1:
What are the most common types of energy? Give some examples of
practical application in everyday life.
19
Law of conservation of energy. Nyu.edu [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_2/node4.html
TASK 2:
What energy transformation is involved? (see the example)
Heat engine
Generator
Hydroelectric dam
Lamp
Nuclear power plant
Windmill
Friction
Solar cells
Microphone
heat → mechanical energy
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Types of energy: mechanical, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical,
nuclear, solar, fluid power, sound etc.
TASK 2:
Heat engine
heat → mechanical energy
Generator
kinetic → electricity
Hydroelectric dam gravitational potential e. → electricity
Lamp
electrical e. → heat, light
Nuclear power plant nuclear e. → heat → electricity
Windmill
wind e. → electricity or mechanical energy
Friction
kinetic e. → heat
Solar cells
light → electricity
Microphone
sound → electricity
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Closed system
kləʊzd ˈsɪstəm
uzavřený systém
Conservation of energy
ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən ɒv ˈenədʒɪ
zachování energie
Crankshaft
ˈkræŋkˌʃɑːft
kliková hřídel
Create
kriːˈeɪt
vytvořit
Destroy
dɪˈstrɔɪ
zničit
Expanding gas
gæs
rozpínající se plyn
Form
fɔːm
forma, druh
Fuel
fjʊəl
palivo
Hydroelectric dam
ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm
přehrada, vodní dílo
Lamp
læmp
lampa, svítilna
Nuclear power plant
ˈnjuːklɪə ˈpaʊə ˈplɑːnt
jaderná elektrárna
Piston
ˈpɪstən
píst
Solar cell
ˈsəʊlə
solární baterie/článek
Total
ˈtəʊtəl
celkový
Transfer
trænsˈfɜː
přenést
Windmill
ˈwɪndˌmɪl
větrný mlýn
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Power, Efficiency
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Praktický význam výkonu a účinnosti, matematické vyjádření
jazykový –
Using mathematical symbols and terminology
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 18
Power, Efficiency
SUBJECT:
Physics
18. Power, Efficiency
POWER is work done per second or amount of energy transformed
per second, it is usually expressed by formula P = W/t, SI unit is watt.
TASK 1:
Power is also
FORCE x VELOCITY = P = F*v
Do you know how to get the formula above?
(It is useful to know, especially if the speed is given in an exercise)
EFFICIENCY deals with the utilization of energy in a system.
Imagine the following situation: In a furnace, fuel oil is burned to
produce heat. If all of the fuel oil is consumed the furnace would be
100% efficient. But in reality a furnace is only 80 to 85% efficient.
TASK 2:
7. Explain what the reason for 85% efficiency is.
8. Give at least one way how to calculate efficiency.
9. What is the practical use of efficiency?20
SOLUTION:
20
Power and Efficiency. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/energy-calculations/revise-it/power-and-efficiency
TASK 1:
 1st step
P = W/t
 2nd step W = F*s, which gives P = F*s/t
 3rd step
v = s/t, which gives you s = v*t, which you can
substitute into the above equation to give
TASK 2:
1. Heat lost in the chimney, unburned fuel
2. Power out/power in x 100% = efficiency
3. Ss´ own answers
P = F*v
Dictionary
English
Chimney
Pronunciation
ˈtʃɪmnɪ
Czech
komín
Deal with sth. (pt&pp
ˈdiːl ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ
dealt)
zabývat se něčím
Efficiency
ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ
účinnost
Especially
ɪˈspeʃəlɪ
(ob)zvláště, především
Express
ɪkˈspres
vyjádřit
Furnace
ˈfɜːnɪs
pec (spalovací)
Power (P)
ˈpaʊə
výkon
Substitute
ˈsʌbstɪˌtjuːt
nahradit
Useful
ˈjuːsfəl
užitečný
Usually
ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ
obvykle
Utilization
ˌjuːtɪlɪˈzeɪʃən
využití, zužitkování
Watt
wɒt
watt
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Mechanics of a Rigid Body
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Seznámení se základní terminologií
jazykový –
Expressing causes and effects
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 19
YEAR:
1.
Mechanics of a Rigid Body
SUBJECT:
Physics
19. Mechanics of a Rigid Body
RIGID BODY can be defined as a particular system of particles which
does not deform.
TASK 1:
Could you explain the difference between external and internal
forces and their effects?
TASK 2:
Each rigid body can move. What types of motion do you know?
TASK 3:
Do you know what free body diagram is and what it is used for?21
What forces are acting on the block?
Obrázek 4 Free Body Diagram
22
21
Mechanics of Rigid Body. Www.uclm.es [online]. 1994 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
http://www.uclm.es/profesoradO/ajbarbero/FF_English/Mechanics%20of%20Rigid%20Body%20Ia.%2
0Physics08.pdf
22
File:Free body diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_body_diagram.png?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
The external forces represent the action of other bodies on the rigid
body under consideration. The internal forces are the forces which
hold together the particles forming the rigid body. Only external
forces can impart to the rigid body a motion of translation or rotation
or both. The effect of an external force on a rigid body remains
unchanged if that force is moved along its line of action.
TASK 2:
Types of motion: translation, rotation, general plane motion
TASK 3:
Usually a rough working sketch used to analyse the forces and
moments acting on a body. Forces acting on the block: normal
pushing force, friction, gravitational force.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Act on sth.
ˈækt ˈɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ
působit na něco (těleso)
As
æz
jako
Between
bɪˈtwiːn
mezi
Deform
dɪˈfɔːm
(z)deformovat (se)
Effect
ɪˈfekt
účinek, dopad
External
ɪkˈstɜːnəl
vnější
General plane motion
ˈdʒenərəl ˈpleɪn ˈməʊʃən
obecný rovinný pohyb
Internal
ɪnˈtɜːnəl
vnitřní
Know
nəʊ
vědět, znát
Particular
pəˈtɪkjʊlə
určitý, konkrétní
Rigid body
ˈrɪdʒɪd ˈbɒdɪ
tuhé těleso
Rotation
rəʊˈteɪʃən
otáčivý (rotační) pohyb
Rough
rʌf
hrubý, přibližný
Sketch
sketʃ
náčrt
Translation
trænsˈleɪʃən
posuvný (translační) pohyb
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Rigid Body Motion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace učiva, grafické zobrazení pohybu tělesa
jazykový –
Picture description
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 20
YEAR:
1.
Rigid Body Motion
SUBJECT:
Physics
20. Rigid Body Motion
TASK 1:
Explain the following terms: rigid body, external and internal forces,
free body diagram, translation, rotation.
Can you guess what does the term non – rigid body mean?
TASK 2:
What types of rigid body motion do you know? Can you give any
examples of each type from everyday life?
TASK 3:
Draw a simple free body diagram showing acting forces:23
 a man climbing a rope
 a person going upstairs
 a flying plane
23
Free body diagram. Google [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
https://www.google.cz/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=free+body+diagram
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Acting forces
ˈæktɪŋ ˈfɔːsɪz
působící síly
Climb
klaɪm
šplhat
Draw (pt drew, pp drawn)
drɔː
nakreslit
Example
ɪgˈzɑːmpəl
příklad
Explain
ɪkˈspleɪn
vysvětlit
Fly (pt flew, pp flown)
flaɪ
letět
Following
ˈfɒləʊɪŋ
následující
Rope
rəʊp
provaz, lano
Show (pt showed, pp
shown/showed)
ʃəʊ
ukazovat
Simple
ˈsɪmpəl
jednoduchý
Upstairs
ˈʌpˈsteəz
nahoru (do vyššího
poschodí)
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Moment of a Force
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Účinky sil působících na tuhé těleso
jazykový –
Correlative comparative
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 21
Moment of a Force
SUBJECT:
Physics
21. Moment of a Force
TASK 1:
Another name for a moment of a force is torque, which in Czech
means kroutící moment. What kind of movement it can impart to a
rigid body?
TASK 2:
1. Why it is easier to undo a bolt using a long spanner than a short
spanner?
2. Why door handles are near the edge of doors?
TASK 3:
The equation of a moment of a force is:
 Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance
THUS: The ………1) the …………2) causing the turning effect the
…………..3) the …………..4) will be. The …………5) the force is from the
pivot the bigger the moment will be.24
(fill in: further, moment, force, bigger 2x)
SOLUTION:
24
Moments. S-cool, the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://www.scool.co.uk/gcse/physics/forces-moments-and-pressure/revise-it/moments
TASK 1:
The moment of a force is a measure of its tendency to cause a body
to rotate about a specific point or axis.
TASK 2:
1. This is because more turning force is produced at the bolt -pivot
with less effort. A long spanner is an example of a force
multiplier.
2. Because it requires less force to open/close the door.
TASK 3:
1) bigger, 2) force, 3) bigger, 4) moment, 5) further
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Axis
ˈæksɪs
osa
Bolt
bəʊlt
šroub (maticový)
Cause
kɔːz
způsobit
(door) handle
ˈdɔː ˈhændəl
klika
Edge
edʒ
(o)kraj
Effort
ˈefət
úsilí
Impart
ɪmˈpɑːt
dodat, dodávat
Measure
ˈmɛʒə
míra
Moment of force
ˈməʊmənt əv ˈfɔːs
moment síly
Near
nɪə
blízko
Perpendicular
ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə
kolmý
Pivot
ˈpɪvət
otočný bod
Require
rɪˈkwaɪə
vyžadovat
Spanner
ˈspænə
maticový klíč
Torque
tɔːk
točivý moment, kroutící
moment
Undo
ʌnˈduː
povolit
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Composition of Forces
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva o působení sil na těleso
jazykový –
Expressing opinions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 22
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Composition of Forces
22. Composition of Forces
TASK 1:
Word
shower:
coplanar/concurrent/resultant
force,
skládání/
rozkládání sil – find out the meaning of these words in your
vocabulary list.
TASK 2:
Discuss the following situation with your partner: there are several
forces acting on a solid body. How can we determine the resulting
force if the acting forces
1. have the same direction
2. are in the opposite direction
3. are at an angle to the direction of motion
TASK 3:
Describe the diagram to your partner:
Obrázek 5/ Resolution of Forces
25
25
File:Résultante forces.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9sultante_forces_parall%C3%A8les_sens_contraire.j
pg
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Composition
kɒmpəˈzɪʃən
skládání, složení
Concurrent
kənˈkʌrənt
sbíhavý
Coplanar
kəʊˈpleɪnə
koplanární,
rovině
Resolution
ˌrezəˈluːʃən
rozklad
Resultant
rɪˈzʌltənt
výslednice, výsledný
Several
ˈsevrəl
několik
ve
stejné
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
A Couple of Forces
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva, upevnění poznatků
jazykový –
Negative forms of the verb be
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 23
SUBJECT:
Physics
A Couple of Forces
23. A Couple of Forces
If two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action are NOT
the same act on a body they produce a turning effect on the body.26
Obrázek 6/ Diagram of a Couple
27
TASK 1:
Complete the definition:
A couple is composed of two forces that:
(a) are …………………1)
(b) are ……………….. 2)
(c) do NOT pass ………………………3)
Which of these are NOT an example of a couple:
Hands on the steering wheel
Freefalling object
Accelerating car
Bicycle pedals
26
Couples. Schoolphysics [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Mechanics/Statics/text/Couples_/index.html
27
Vlastní tvorba
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) equal, 2) opposite, 3) through the same point
freefalling object, accelerating car – acting forces are not opposite
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
A couple of forces
ə ˈkʌpəl əv ˈfɔːsɪz
dvojice sil
Accelerating
ækˈseləˌreɪtɪŋ
zrychlující
Freefalling
ˈfriːˌfɔːlɪŋ
volně padající
Line of action
ˈlaɪn ˈɒv ˈækʃən
vektorová přímka
Pass through sth.
ˈpɑːs ˈθruː ˈsʌmθɪŋ
procházet
něco
Pedal
ˈpedəl
pedál (kola)
Steering wheel
ˈstɪərɪŋ ˈwiːl
volant
The same
ˈðə ˈseɪm
stejný
něčím,
skrz
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Centre of Mass
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Určení těžiště tělesa
jazykový –
Relative pronouns
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 24
SUBJECT:
Physics
Centre of Mass
24. Centre of Mass
The centre of mass is the point where all of the mass of the object is
concentrated. When an object is supported at its centre of mass it
remains in static equilibrium, which means that the net force on an
object is zero.
TASK 1:
How to determine the point where the centre of mass is?
28
Obrázek 7/The Centre of Mass
TASK 2:
Imagine two children of equal mass who are sitting on the seesaw.
What will happen if 1) another child joins one of them or 2) one of
the children moves closer to the pivot?29
SOLUTION:
28
29
Vlastní tvorba
Center of Mass. Circus Life [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:
http://www.pbs.org/opb/circus/classroom/circus-physics/center-mass/
TASK 1:
Xcm = m1x1 + m2x2/ m1+m2
TASK 2:
1. The centre of mass changes its position: it will be proportionally
closer to the larger mass
2. The larger mass will be required to join the child who is sitting
nearer the pivot
Dictionary
English
Centre of
center)
mass
Pronunciation
(AmE
Czech
ˈsentə ɒv ˈmæs
těžíště
Closer
kləʊsə
blíže
Concentrated
ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪd
soustředěný
Equilibrium
iːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm
rovnováha
Join
dʒɔɪn
přidat se
Net force
ˈnet ˈfɔːs
výsledná síla
Seesaw
ˈsiːˌsɔː
houpačka
Static
ˈstætɪk
neměnný, statický
Supported
səˈpɔːt
podepřený
When
wen
když
Where
weə
kde
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
The Principle of Moments
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vztah mezi rovnovážnými silami působícími na těleso
jazykový –
Possessive ´s
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 25
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
The Principle of Moments
25. The principle of Moments
TASK 1:
Revise the following terms:
centre of mass, equilibrium, turning point, clockwise/anticlockwise,
moment of a force, torque, pivot
TASK 2:
When an object is in equilibrium the sum of the anticlockwise
moments about a turning point must be equal to the sum of the
clockwise moments. 30
sum of anticlockwise moments = sum clockwise moments
31
Obrázek 8/ Forces acting on a seesaw
30
Forces & Motion - Principle of Moments. Pass My Exams [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/turning-effect-forces.html
31
Clipart
 Explain the principle above using the picture.
 Why is the seesaw in equilibrium?
 What are directions of forces exerted by both persons?
 Give the formula for calculating person´s moment of a force.
TASK 3:
Calculate the person B´s distance from the pivot.
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
Both persons exert a downward force, person A´s weight is trying to
turn the seesaw anticlockwise while person B is acting clockwise, the
sum of both moments must be equal. Moment = Force x distance
from the pivot
TASK 3:
Moment = Force x distance
person A´s moment = 500 x 2 = 1000
person A´s moment = Person B´s moment
person B´s moment = 1000 x ? = 1000
person B´s distance = 1000/1000 = 1m
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Anticlockwise
ˌæntɪˈklɒkˌwaɪz
proti směru hodinových
ručiček
Both
bəʊθ
oba
Clockwise
ˈklɒkˌwaɪz
Downward
ˈdaʊnwəd
Fulcrum
ˈfʊlkrəm / ˈfʌlkrəm
střed otáčení
Principle
ˈprɪnsɪpəl
princip
Revise
rɪˈvaɪz
zopakovat si
The principle of moments
ðə ˈprɪnsɪpəl ɒv ˈməʊmənts
momentová věta
Weight
weɪt
váha, hmotnost
While
waɪl
zatímco
po směru hodinových
ručiček
směrem dolů, dolů
směřující
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Simple Machines
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Jednoduché stroje a jejich aplikace
jazykový –
Describing an object and its functions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 26
SUBJECT:
Physics
Simple Machines
26. Simple Machines
TASK 1:
What parts does the lever consist of?
Obrázek 9/ A lever
32
TASK 2:
Explain the connection between the position of the fulcrum and the
input and output forces.
Obrázek 10/ Forces on a lever
32
33
Clipart
Clipart
33
TASK 3:
Name other simple machines. Which one is missing?
Give some examples of everyday objects which represent each of
them.
Obrázek 11/ Simple machines
34
Clipart
34
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Lever consists of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or
fulcrum.
TASK 2:
The closer the fulcrum is to the object being lifted, the higher the
person can lift the object exerting less force.
TASK 3:
lever (scissors, hammer, spanner), pulley (window blinds, crane),
inclined plane (slides, ladder, staircase), screw (screwdriver, jar lid),
wedge (axe)
missing – wheel and axle (bicycle, gears)
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Axe
æks
sekera
Axle
ˈæksəl
náprava, osa kola
Beam
biːm
trám
Consist of sth.
kənˈsɪst ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ
skládat se z něčeho
Crane
kreɪn
jeřáb
Fixed
fɪkst
pevný, pevně uchycený
Gear
gɪə
rychlost (v autě)
Hammer
ˈhæmə
kladivo
Hinge
hɪndʒ
pant, závěs
Inclined plane
ɪnˈklaɪnd ˈpleɪn
nakloněná rovina
Input
ˈɪnˌpʊt
vstupní
Jar lid
ˈdʒɑː ˈlɪd
víčko sklenice
Ladder
ˈlædə
žebřík
Lever
ˈliːvə
páka
Load
ləʊd
náklad
Output
ˈaʊtˌpʊt
výstupní
Part
pɑːt
část, díl
Pulley
ˈpʊlɪ
kladka
Rod
rɒd
tyč
Scissors
ˈsɪzəz
nůžky
Screw
skruː
šroub, vrut
Screwdriver
ˈskruːˌdraɪvə
šroubovák
Slide
slaɪd
skluzavka
Staircase
ˈsteəˌkeɪs
schodiště
Wedge
wedʒ
klín
Wheel
wiːl
kolo
(Window) blind
ˈwɪndəʊ ˈblaɪnd
roleta, žaluzie
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Rolling Resistance
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Využití fyzikálního jevu v praxi
jazykový –
Revision of indirect questions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 27
YEAR:
1.
Rolling resistance
SUBJECT:
Physics
27. Rolling resistance
The force that resists the motion when a body rolls on a surface is
called the rolling resistance or the rolling friction.
TASK 1:
Change direct questions into indirect beginning as suggested in an
example:
 What it is the friction? Can you explain?
 Can you explain what the friction is?
1. How can be the rolling resistance used in our everyday life? Can
you explain?
2. What do the rolling resistance and tires have in common? Have
you any idea?
3. Do the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance? Find out.
4. What are the results of lower rolling resistance? Ask your
teacher.
5. How to choose the best tires for my bike? Do you know? 35
TASK 2:
To find the answers to your questions visit the website cited bellow.
35
Tire rolling resistance. Roues Artisanales.com [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
http://www.rouesartisanales.com/article-1503651.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Can you explain how the rolling resistance can be used in our
everyday life?
Have you any idea what the rolling resistance and tires have in
common?
Find out if the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance.
Ask your teacher what the results of lower rolling resistance are.
Do you know how to choose the best tires for my bike?
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Below
Czech
bɪˈləʊ
níže
tʃuːz
vybrat
saɪt
citovat, uvést
ˈhæv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈɪn ˈkɒmən
mít něco společného
Idea
aɪˈdɪə
nápad
Less
les
méně
Lower
ˈləʊə
nižší
Resist
rɪˈzɪst
bránit
Result
rɪˈzʌlt
výsledek, důsledek
Rolling resistance
ˈrəʊlɪŋ rɪˈzɪstəns
valivý odpor
Tyre (AmE tire)
ˈtaɪə
pneumatika
Wider
waɪdə
širší
Choose (pt
chosen)
chose,
pp
Cite
Have sth. in
(pt&pp had)
common
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Properties of Liquids
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Vlastnosti kapalin
jazykový –
Quantifiers
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 28
YEAR:
1.
Properties of Liquids
SUBJECT:
Physics
28. Properties of Liquids
TASK 1:
Complete the text:
Liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others
are: .....1), ......2), and ........3)), and is the only state with a definite
.........4) but no fixed .........5). A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating
particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular
bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a
...........6). Most liquids resist ................7), although others can be
compressed. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface
tension.36
TASK 2:
Give the Czech equivalents to the English terms:
Volume
Pressure and buoyancy
Surface
Viscosity
Flow
Sound propagation
36
Liquid: Properties of Liquids. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-18]. Dostupné z:
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/liquid-properties-liquids.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) solid, 2) gas, 3) plasma, 4) volume, 5) shape, 6) container, 7)
compression
TASK 2:
volume – objem, pressure – tlak, buoyancy – vztlaková síla, surface –
povrch, viscosity – viskozita, flow – tok, sound propagation – šíření
zvuku
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Buoyancy
ˈbɔɪənsɪ
nadnášení, vztlak
Compression
kəmˈpreʃən
stlačení
Container
kənˈteɪnə
nádoba
Distinctive
dɪˈstɪŋktɪv
typický, charakteristický
Flow
fləʊ
téct, proudit; tok
Fundamental
ˌfʌndəˈmentəl
základní
Gas
gæs
plyn
Hold (pt&pp held)
həʊld
držet
Liquid
ˈlɪkwɪd
tekutina, kapalina
Made up
meɪd ʌp
vytvořený, tvořený
Matter
ˈmætə
hmota
Pressure
ˈpreʃə
tlak
Property
ˈprɒpətɪ
vlastnost
Shape
ʃeɪp
tvar
Solid
ˈsɒlɪd
pevná látka; tuhý, pevný
Sound propagation
saʊnd ˌprɒpəˈgeɪʃən
šíření zvuku
State (of matter)
steɪt (əv ˈmætə)
skupenství
Surface tension
ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən
povrchové napětí
Tiny
ˈtaɪnɪ
maličký
Viscosity
vɪsˈkɒsɪtɪ
viskozita, vazkost
Volume
ˈvɒljuːm
objem
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Pascal´s Law
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aplikace fyzikálního zákona v praxi
jazykový –
Description of how things work
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 29
SUBJECT:
Physics
Pascal´s Law
29. Pascal´s Law
TASK 1:
The Pascal´s Law states: Tlak vyvolaný vnější silou, která působí na
povrch kapaliny v uzavřené nádobě, je ve všech místech kapaliny
stejný.37
Try to explain the law in your own words in English.
TASK 2:
The most common application of Pascal's law is the hydraulic press.
Use the picture and describe how it works:
Obrázek 12/ The principle of hydraulic press
37
38
Fyzika pro SOU A 1. díl. 1.vydání. Praha: SPN, 1984. Učebnice pro střední školy. ISBN 14 - 462-84.
str. 123
38
File:Press hydraulics.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pess_hydraulics.jpg?uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Application
ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən
využití
Applied force
əˈplaɪd ˈfɔːs
působící síla
Fluid
ˈfluːɪd
tekutina, kapalina
Hydraulic press
haɪˈdrɒlɪk ˈpres
hydraulický lis
Loading platform
ˈləʊdɪŋ ˈplætfɔːm
nakládací plošina
Pascal’s law
ˈpask(ə)ls ˈlɔː
pascalův zákon
Piston
ˈpɪstən
píst
Use
juːz
použít
Work
wɜːk
pracovat, fungovat
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Hydrostatic Pressure
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace učiva o tlaku v kapalinách
jazykový –
Confirming and rejecting hypothesis
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 30
SUBJECT:
Physics
Hydrostatic Pressure
30. Hydrostatic pressure
TASK 1:
Choose the correct answer:
 Hydrostatic pressure is used in the process of food preservation
called pascalization. YES/NO
 The pressure at a given depth depends on direction. YES/NO
 Many liquids are considered incompressible. YES/NO
 Pressure cannot exert any force parallel to the surface. YES/NO
 Static liquid pressure depends on the shape, mass or surface
area of the liquid. YES/NO 39
Task 2:
With the help of the diagram bellow explain the hydrostatic paradox
Obrázek 13/ Hydrostatic Paradox
40
39
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Liquid. Faculty.www.edu [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:
http://faculty.wwu.edu/vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/Pressure/HydroStatic.html
40
Category:Hydrostatic paradox. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrostatic_paradox
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
YES, NO, YES, YES, NO
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Answer
ˈɑːnsə
odpověď
Considered
kənˈsɪdəd
považovaný
Correct
kəˈrekt
správný
Depth
depθ
hloubka
Food preservation
ˈfuːd ˌprezəˈveɪʃən
konzervace potravin
Hydrostatic pressure
ˌhaɪdrəʊˈstætɪk ˈpreʃə
hydrostatický tlak
(in)compressible
(ɪn)kəmˈpresɪbl
(ne)stlačitelný
Pascalization
ˌpask(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃən
pascalizace,
sterilizace
vysokým tlakem
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Atmospheric Pressure
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Ověření principu jednoduchým experimentem
jazykový –
Explaining processes (first, second, then, next etc.)
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 31
YEAR:
1.
Atmospheric pressure
SUBJECT:
Physics
31. Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted
against a surface by the weight of the air above that surface. 41
TASK 1:
What happens if the weight of the air above the unit area increases
or decreases?
TASK 2:
Carry out a simple experiment to show a power of atmospheric
pressure. Put these processes in the correct order using first,
secondly, finally, then, after that, next etc.
1. Invert the bottle and the plate holding them together carefully.
2. Prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water.
3. Slowly release your hand which hold the plate.
4. Watch what happens next.
5. Make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water.
6. Put a glass plate on the bottle.
SOLUTION:
41
Atmospheric Pressure. WW 2010 [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/fw/prs/def.rxml
TASK 1:
The pressure at point "X" increases as the weight of the air above it
increases, too. The same can be said about decreasing pressure, the
pressure at point "X" decreases if the weight of the air above it also
decreases.
TASK 2:
1. First, prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water
2. Secondly, put a glass plate on the bottle.
3. Next make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water.
4. Then invert the bottle and the plate holding them carefully.
5. After that slowly release the hand which hold the plate.
6. Finally, watch what happens (next).
The plate will not fall down because of the atmospheric pressure
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Above
əˈbʌv
nad
Against
əˈgenst
proti
Atmospheric pressure
ˌætməsˈferɪk ˈpreʃə
atmosferický tlak
Bottle
ˈbɒtəl
láhev
Carry out
ˈkærɪ ˈaʊt
provést, uskutečnit
Decrease
dɪˈkriːs
snižovat (se), klesat
Experiment
ɪkˈsperɪmənt
pokus
Finally
ˈfaɪnəlɪ
nakonec
Hold (pt&pp held)
həʊld
držet
Increase
ɪnˈkriːs
zvýšit, (vz)růst
Invert
ɪnˈvɜːt
otočit, převrátit
Make sure (pt&pp made)
ˈmeɪk ˈʃʊə
ujistit se
Next
nekst
dále
Order
ˈɔːdə
pořadí, posloupnost
Per
pɜː
na (jednotku)
Plate
pleɪt
talíř, tác
Release
rɪˈliːs
pustit
Then
ðen
pak
Unit area
ˈjuːnɪt ˈeərɪə
jednotka plochy
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Archimedes ´ Law
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata a praktické využití Archimédova zákona
jazykový –
Using specific vocabulary, reinforce language acquisition
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 32
SUBJECT:
Physics
Archimedes´ Law
32. Archimedes ´ Law
Archimedes' principle is the law of buoyancy: the buoyant force is the
force that pushes back up in the water, it is greater than the object´s
weight pushing down, is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
42
TASK 1:
Using Archimedes´ Law try to solve these problems:
Obrázek 14/ Verification of Archimedes´ Law
43
1. Why is the coin floating in mercury?
2. How the shape of an object may influence buoyant force? Think
about a huge cruise ship floating on water.
SOLUTION:
42
Archimedes´ Law. CK-12.org [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://www.ck12.org/physical-science/Archimedes-Law-in-Physical-Science/lesson/ArchimedesLaw/?referrer=concept_details
43
File:Pound-coin-floating.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=archimedes%C2%B4principle&title=Special%3A
Search&go=Go&uselang=cs
TASK 1:
A pound coin is floating in mercury due to its lower density according
to Archimedes' Principle (coin density=7.5g/cm³ vs density of
Hg=13.6g/cm³)
The shape of an object may affect how much fluid it displaces and
therefore the buoyant force acting on it. This explains why one object
may sink while another object with the same weight but a different
shape may float.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Archimedes´ law
ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːziz ˈlɔː
archimédův zákon
Buoyant force
ˈbɔɪənt ˈfɔːs
vztlaková síla
Coin
kɔɪn
mince
Cruise ship
ˈkruːz ˈʃɪp
výletní loď
Density
ˈdensɪtɪ
hustota
Displaced water
dɪsˈpleɪst ˈwɔːtə
vytlačená voda
Float
fləʊt
plavat, plout
Influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
ovlivnit
Law
lɔː
zákon, princip
Mercury
ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ
rtuť
Sink (pt sank, pp sunk)
sɪŋk
potopit se, klesat ke dnu
Solve
sɒlv
vyřešit
Than
ðæn
než
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Solid body Floating
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace slovní zásoby
jazykový –
Applying knowledge of basic terms to solve problems
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 33
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Solid Body floating
33. Solid Body Floating
TASK 1:
To revise a bit find the words:
 Weight, gravity, submerge, equal, upward, density, exert, fluid,
shape, buoyancy, surface, compressible, submarine, volume,
eureka, water.
D
S
B
S
E
M
E
A
S
D
A
C
X
U
U
U
M
V
R
C
H
I
O
X
N
B
O
R
U
A
E
E
A
M
E
S
Y
M
Y
F
L
V
U
R
P
J
W
U
T
A
A
A
O
D
R
R
E
T
A
B
I
R
N
C
V
W
E
I
G
H
T
M
S
I
C
E
I
S
K
B
T
E
E
E
N
N
Y
R
S
E
A
N
N
G
R
R
E
E
F
I
W
X
F
L
U
I
D
G
D
R
B
O
K
E
L
K
M
V
E
E
X
L
H
B
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
Y
E
Q
U
A
L
T
U
P
W
A
R
D
TASK 2:
Work with your partner: explain why a solid body floats, using the
words from previous exercise and applying Archimedes´ law.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
A bit
ə ˈbɪt
trochu
Eureka
jʊˈriːkə
heuréka
Find (pt&pp found)
faɪnd
najít
Previous
ˈpriːvɪəs
předchozí
Revise
rɪˈvaɪz
zopakovat si
Solid body
ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ
tuhé těleso
Submarine
ˈsʌbməˌriːn / ˌsʌbməˈriːn
ponorka
Submerge
səbˈmɜːdʒ
potopit, ponořit
Upward
ˈʌpwəd
nahoru směřující
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Fluid Flow
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva o proudění kapalin
jazykový –
3rd person form, prepositions of movement
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 34
SUBJECT:
Physics
Fluid flow
34. Fluid Flow
The movement of liquids and gases is generally referred to as flow - a
concept that describes how fluids behave and how they interact with
their surrounding environment. There are two types of fluid flow. 44
Obrázek 15/ Fluid Flow
45
TASK 1:
Describe each type of fluid flow with the following terms:
 none of the streamlines cross over, higher velocity, chaotic,
same direction, non streamlined objects, lower velocity, layers
What happens if the size of a pipe changes?
What are the most common applications of fluid flow?
44
Fluid Flow. A Level Notes.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://alevelnotes.com/Fluid-Flow/112?tree=
45
File:Laminar and Turbulent flow. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=laminar+and+turbulent+flow&title=Special%3ASe
arch&go=Go&uselang=cs
TASK 2:
Complete the sentences about a watering system with the words
given, put the verbs into the present simple.
around, at the top, into, through, from
At spring, water (flow) flows to a reservoir at the top of the hill.
1. ________ the reservoir, water (pass)________ ______ a pipe.
2. The pipe (go) ________ _______ a field.
3. Then the water (leave)_______ the pipe _________ small holes.
4. Finally, the water (flow) _________the trees. ( upraveno)46
46
Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
1. From the reservoir, water passes through a pipe.
2. The pipe goes into a field.
3. Then the water leaves the pipe through small holes.
4. Finally, the water flows around the trees.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Behave
bɪˈheɪv
chovat se
Chaotic
keɪˈɒtɪk
zmatený, neuspořádaný
Environment
ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt
prostředí
Flow
ˈfləʊ
proudění, tok
Interact
ˌɪntərˈækt
vzájemně na sebe působit
Laminar flow
ˈlamɪnə ˈfləʊ
laminární proudění
Layer
ˈleɪə
vrstva
Movement
ˈmuːvmənt
pohyb
Pipe
paɪp
potrubí
Reservoir
ˈrezəˌvwɑː
vodní nádrž
Size
saɪz
rozměr, velikost
Streamline
ˈstriːmˌlaɪn
proudnice
Surrounding
səˈraʊndɪŋ
obklopující, okolní
Through
θruː
skrz
Turbulent flow
ˈtɜːbjʊlənt ˈfləʊ
turbulentní proudění
Watering system
ˈwɔːtərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm
systém zavlažování
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Bernoulli´s principle
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a opakování učiva
jazykový –
Infinitive of purpose
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 35
SUBJECT:
Physics
Bernoulli´s Principle
35. Bernoulli´s Principle
Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid
or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The
phenomenon described by Bernoulli's principle has many practical
applications. An example is provided by the functioning of a perfume
bottle: in order to draw the fluid up squeeze the bulb over the fluid,
which creates a low pressure area due to the higher speed of the
air.47
TASK 1:
Use the picture to explain how to derivate Bernoulli´s equation.
Obrázek 16/ Bernoulli´s Law Derivation Diagram
48
TASK 2:
Carry a simple experiment to verify Bernoulli´s principle: go to
www.science-sparks.com/2013/04/29/air-pressure
47
Bernoulli´s principle. Theory.uwinnipeg.ca [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-20]. Dostupné z:
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node68.html
48
File:Bernoulli´sLawDerivationDiagram.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-20].
Dostupné z:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg?uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Bernoulli’s equation
bəːˈnuːiz ɪˈkweɪʒən
Bernoulliho rovnice
Bulb
bʌlb
balónek u rozprašovače
parfému
Draw up (pt drew, pp
ˈdrɔː ˈʌp
drawn)
táhnout nahoru
Functioning
ˈfʌŋkʃənɪŋ
fungování
Perfume
ˈpɜːfjuːm
parfém
Squeeze
skwiːz
zmáčknout, stisknout
Verify
ˈverɪˌfaɪ
ověřit,
(pravdivost)
Within
wɪˈðɪn
uvnitř
potvrdit
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Turbines
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Turbíny a jejich účel
jazykový –
Develop the basic skills of data processing
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 36
YEAR:
1.
Turbines
SUBJECT:
Physics
36. Turbines
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a
fluid flow and converts it into useful work. It is an essential part of
any hydroelectric dam.
TASK 1:
Here you can see a typical hydroelectric dam, match the terms to the
correct part: powerhouse, turbine, river, generator, intake, reservoir,
long distance power line, penstock.
Obrázek 17/ Hydroelectric dam
49
TASK 2:
Go on http://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work to
find out how the wind turbine works.
49
File:Hydroelectric dam.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam_without_text.jpg
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Hydroelectric dam: A - reservoir, B - powerhouse, C - turbine, D generator, E - intake, F - penstock, G - long distance power lines, H –
river
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Device
dɪˈvaɪs
zařízení
Extract
ɪkˈstrækt
získat, vyjmout
Hydroelectric dam
ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm
vodní dílo (přehrada)
Intake
ˈɪnˌteɪk
vtok, přívod
Penstock
ˈpenstɒk
přivaděč
Power line(s)
ˈpaʊə ˈlaɪn(z)
elektrické vedení
Powerhouse
ˈpaʊəˌhaʊs
elektrárna
Rotary
ˈrəʊtərɪ
rotační, otáčivý
Turbine
ˈtɜːbɪn
turbína
Wind turbine
ˈwɪnd ˈtɜːbɪn
Větrná turbína
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Aerodynamics
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Seznámení se základními pojmy
jazykový –
Develop reading skills (comprehensive check)
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 37
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Aerodynamics
37. Aerodynamics
TASK 1:
Match the questions (1-3) to the right paragraph (a-c):
Obrázek 18/ Forces of Flight
50
1. What are the four forces of flight?
2. What makes plane able to fly?
3. What is aerodynamics?
a) Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things. The rules of
aerodynamics explain how an airplane is able to fly. Anything
that moves through air reacts to aerodynamics. Aerodynamics
even acts on cars, since air flows around cars.
b) The four forces of flight are lift, weight, thrust and drag. These
forces make an object move up and down, and faster or slower.
How much of each force there is changes how the object moves
through the air.
50
File:Thrust drag.gif. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thrust_drag.gif
c) The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it able to fly.
Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom.
That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the
bottom. So, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This
condition makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to,
move up. Using curves to change air pressure is a trick used on
many aircraft. Helicopter rotor blades use this trick.
(upraveno)51
TASK 2:
Read the sentences about aerodynamics and choose the correct
answer YES/NO.
1. Aerodynamics do not act on cars. YES/NO
2. There are three forces acting on the flight. YES/NO
3. Lift and drag act in opposite direction. YES/NO
4. The shape of wings can change air pressure. YES/NO
51
What is Aerodynamics? NASA Education [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-aerodynamics-k4.html#.VWByfk_tmko
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1b, 2c, 3b
TASK 2:
NO, NO, NO, YES
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Aerodynamics
ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks
aerodynamika
Attached to
əˈtætʃt ˈtuː
připojený, připevněný k
Blade
bleɪd
lopatka (turbíny, rotoru)
Condition
kənˈdɪʃən
Curve
kɜːv
Drag
dræg
(aerodynamický) odpor
Flat (-tter, -ttest)
flæt
plochý, rovný
Lift
lɪft
dynamický vztlak
Rule
ruːl
pravidlo, zásada
Thrust
θrʌst
tah
Weight
weɪt
tíha
Wing
wɪŋ
křídlo
stav, předpoklad,
podmínka
zahnout, (za)křivit; křivka,
oblouk, zakřivení
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
State of Matter
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace poznatků o látkovém skupenství
jazykový –
Opposites
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 38
YEAR:
1.
State of Matter
SUBJECT:
Physics
38. State of Matter
Everything on the Earth can be explained in the terms of four states
(phases) of matter:
TASK 1:
Give the name and basic characteristic of each matter state.
TASK 2:
Match the properties of solid objects (1-6) with their opposites (a-f)
1. breaks easily
a. heavy
2. clear
b. tough
3. easy to shape
c. opaque
4. hard
d. rigid
5. light
e. weak
6. strong
f. soft
TASK 3:
1. What properties from the table above are typical for these
materials? Aluminium, glass, plastic, diamond, iron.
2. Find out what are these materials best for.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Solid – fixed shape and volume, particles are close together and can´t
move
Liquid – fixed volume only, shape of container, particles move faster
and further apart
Gas – no fixed shape or volume, particles are apart and move quickly
and randomly
Plasma – mixture of electrons and nuclei
TASK 2:
1b, 2c, 3d, 4f, 5a, 6e
TASK 3:
Aluminium – light, easy to shape, best for aircraft, cooking foil, door
frames
Glass – clear, hard, break easily, best for windows, bottled
Plastic – light, strong, easy to shape, any everyday objects
Diamond – hard, industrial cutting
Iron – hard, engineering
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Aluminium
ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm
hliník
Apart
əˈpɑːt
od sebe, jeden od druhého
Clear
klɪə
čirý, průzračný, průhledný
Electron
ɪˈlektrɒn
elektron
Hard
hɑːd
tvrdý
Heavy
ˈhevɪ
těžký (o váze)
Iron
ˈaɪən
železo
Light
laɪt
lehký (o váze)
Mixture
ˈmɪkstʃə
směs
Nucleus (pl. nuclei)
ˈnjuːklɪəs
jádro
Opaque
əʊˈpeɪk
neprůhledný/svitný,
neprůzračný
Plasma
ˈplæzmə
plazma (ionizovaný plyn)
Randomly
ˈrændəmlɪ
nahodile
Rigid
ˈrɪdʒɪd
neohebný
Soft
sɒft
měkký
Solid
ˈsɒlɪd
pevné (skupenství)
State of matter
steɪt əv ˈmætə
skupenství
Tough
tʌf
tuhý, pevný
Weak
wiːk
slabý, nepevný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Ideal Gas
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Koncepce ideálního plynu, matematické vyjádření
jazykový –
Substitute one/ones
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 39
Ideal Gas
SUBJECT:
Physics
39. Ideal Gas
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving
point particles that do not interact except when they collide
elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal
gas law, assuming that
 There are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules.
 The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely
negligible relative to the volume of the container. 52
TASK 1:
What is the ideal gas equation?
TASK 2:
Be careful about using right units! Choose the correct ones:
 pressure - Pa/ bar/ kPa/atmosphere
 temperature - °C/K
 volume - dm3/m3/cm3
 the gas constant - R = 8.31441 J K-1 mol-1 / the older one
82.053 cm3 atm K-1 mol-1
52
Ideal gases and the ideal gas law. Chemguide [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/idealgases.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
ideal gas equation pV = nRT
TASK 2:
pressure – Pa, volume – m3, temperature – K, gas constant – 8.31441
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Assume
əˈsjuːm
předpokládat
Collide
kəˈlaɪd
srazit se
Composed of
kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv
složený z
Container
kənˈteɪnə
nádoba
Entirely
ɪnˈtaɪəlɪ
zcela, naprosto, úplně
Except
ɪkˈsept
kromě
Ideal gas
aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs
ideální (dokonalý) plyn
Intermolecular
ˌɪntəməˈlekjʊlə
mezimolekulární
Molecule
ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl
molekula
Negligible
ˈneglɪdʒəbəl
zanedbatelný
Obey
əˈbeɪ
řídit se, dodržovat
Occupy
ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ
zabírat, zaujímat
Relative to
ˈrelətɪv ˈtu:
vzhledem k, ve srovnání s
Theoretical
ˌθɪəˈretɪkəl
teoretický, hypotetický
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Kinetic Theory
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace a rozšíření dřívějších poznatků
jazykový –
Sentence formation
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 40
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Kinetic Theory
40. Kinetic Theory
The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different
states of matter.
a)
Obrázek 19/ Kinetic Theory of Gases
53
In an ideal gas (shown left), the particles have no interaction apart
from pure collisions. In a fluid close to a change of state (shown in
the centre), the effect of mutual attraction on particles is important.
If they are too slow (shown right), the molecules will group together
in compact groups.54
53
File:Kinetic theory of gases (2) svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné
z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases_(2).svg?uselang=cs
54
Kinetic Theory. BBC - GCSE Bitesize [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/heatingandcooling/heatingrev2.shtml
TASK 1:
Match the correct halves of assumptions of the kinetic theory of
gases together:
1. Gases are composed of
2. Gas molecules are
3. Gas molecules have
4. The collisions between molecules are
5. When molecules collide
6. The molecule of gas have
7. Each molecule in a gas has
a) a different velocity.
b) separate particles called molecules.
c) no attraction or repulsion to each other.
d) completely elastic.
e) kinetic energy.
f) in constant straight line motion.
g) there is no exchange of energy. 55
55
The Kinetic Theory of Gases. ApkXda [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://apkxda.com/kinetic_theory.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1b, 2f, 3e, 4d, 5g, 6a, 7c
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Assumption
əˈsʌmpʃən
předpoklad, domněnka
Attraction
əˈtrækʃən
přitažlivost
Be composed of
ˈbiː kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv
skládat se z
Change of state
ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv ˈsteɪt
změna skupenství
Constant
ˈkɒnstənt
neustálý
Exchange
ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ
výměna
Group together
ˈgruːp təˈgeðə
seskupit se
Half (pl. halves)
hɑːf
polovina
Important
ɪmˈpɔːtənt
důležitý
Kinetic theory of matter
kɪˈnetɪk ˈθɪərɪ əv ˈmætə
kinetická teorie látek
Mutual
ˈmjuːtʃʊəl
vzájemný
Pure (-rer, -rest)
pjʊə
čistý
Repulsion
rɪˈpʌlʃən
odpudivá síla, odpor
Separate
ˈseprɪt
samostatný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Thermodynamics
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace terminologie a základních poznatků
jazykový –
Word Groups, making mind map
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 41
YEAR:
1.
Thermodynamics
SUBJECT:
Physics
41. Thermodynamics
TASK 1:
 Explain the following terms:
 Try to arrange them to the simple mind map according to their
meaning and importance:
Thermodynamics, heat, temperature, entropy, thermodynamics
equilibrium, efficiency, laws of thermodynamics
TASK 2:
What it is an internal energy? Is there the external energy as well? If
so, what is the difference between them?
TASK 3:
The internal energy of a system can be changed by (fill in)
1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
Do you know how to calculate the changes in internal energy? 56
56
Internal Energy. HyperPhysics.phy [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/inteng.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 2:
The total (internal) energy in a system includes potential and kinetic
energy.This is contrast to external energy which is a function of the
sample with respect to the outside environment (e.g. kinetic energy if
the sample is moving or potential energy if the sample is at a height
from the ground)
TASK 3:
by heating the system
by doing work on it
by adding or taking away matter
changes in internal energy = heat added to the system – work done
by the system = Δ U = Q – W
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Add
æd
přidat
Arrange
əˈreɪndʒ
uspořádat
Efficiency
ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ
účinnost
Entropy
ˈentrəpɪ
entropie
Following
ˈfɒləʊɪŋ
následující
Heat
hiːt
teplo, zahřívat
Include
ɪnˈkluːd
zahrnovat, obsahovat
Sample
ˈsɑːmpəl
vzorek
Thermodynamics
ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks
termodynamika
Try
traɪ
zkusit, pokusit se
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Measure Temperature
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Seznámení s rozdílnými způsoby měření teploty
jazykový –
Different temperature scales and their conversion
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 42
YEAR:
1.
Measure Temperature
SUBJECT:
Physics
42. Measure Temperature
Many devices have been invented to accurately measure
temperature. It all started with the establishment of a temperature
scale.57
TASK 1:
1. Name the commonly used temperature scales.
2. What are the ways of conversion between them?
3. Find out what Absolute zero is and how it is expressed by
different scales.
TASK 2:
Have you ever wondered how the thermometer works?
4.
Obrázek 20/ Thermometer
57
58
Units of Temperature. WW 2010 [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/maps/ctof.rxml
58
Clipart
SOLUTION:
TASK 1, 2:
59
There is a limit to how cold something can be. The Kelvin scale is
designed to go to zero at this minimum temperature. At a
temperature of Absolute Zero there is no motion and no heat.
Absolute Zero occurs at 0 degrees Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius
or at -460 degrees Fahrenheit.
TASK 3:
see the picture
59
Temperature. The encyclopedia of Earth [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156468/
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Absolute zero
ˈæbsəˌluːt ˈzɪərəʊ
absolutní nula
Accurately
ˈækjərɪtlɪ
přesně
Bulb
bʌlb
baňka (na teploměru)
Commonly
ˈkɒmənlɪ
běžně
Conversion
kənˈvɜːʃən
převod (jednotek)
Degree
dɪˈgriː
stupeň (teploty)
Establishment
ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt
založení, ustanovení
Expand
ɪkˈspænd
rozšířit se, rozpínat se
Express
ɪkˈspres
vyjádřit
Invent
ɪnˈvent
vynalézt
Occur
əˈkɜː
nastat
Scale
skeɪl
škála, stupnice
Thermometer
θəˈmɒmɪtə
teploměr
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Heat Transformation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aplikace poznatků o tepelné výměně v praxi
jazykový –
Comparing different modes of heat transfer
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 43
YEAR:
1.
Heat Transformation
SUBJECT:
Physics
43. Heat Transformation
Heat - energy that is transferred from one body to another as the
result of a difference in temperature. If two bodies of different
temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—heat
flows from the hotter body to the colder.
TASK 1:
 The effect of this is a/an ………………… in the temperature of the
colder body and a/an …………….. in the temperature of the
hotter body.
 A substance may absorb heat …………. an increase in
temperature by …………….. from one state to another.
 Heat and temperature are…………………….things.
TASK 2:
There are basically three modes of heat transfer. Match each of them
(1-3) to the correct definition (a-b):
1) conduction, 2) convection, 3) radiation
energy is transferred by a) the mass motion of molecules, b)
electromagnetic radiation, c) direct contact 60
60
Ch 3 Earth´s Atmosphere. Open Geography Education [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:
http://www.opengeography.org/ch-3-earths-atmosphere.html
TASK 3:
Match the examples to each type of heat transformation.
Sunbathing, using a fan to cool yourself, airport security scanners,
heat loos through the wall, cooking in an oven, ironing, pan placed on
the hot stovetop, computer screens.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
increase, decrease, without, changing, not the same
TASK 2, 3:
1c – ironing, using the fan, pan on the stovetop
2a – heat loos, cooking in an oven
3b – sunbathing, airport security scanner, computer screen
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Absorb
əbˈsɔːb / əbˈzɔːb
přijmout, absorbovat
Bring together
ˈbrɪŋ təˈgeðə
dát dohromady, spojit
Colder
kəʊldə
studenější
Conduction
kənˈdʌkʃən
vedení
Convection
kənˈvekʃən
(tepelné) proudění
Fan
fæn
ventilator, větrák
Heat transformation
ˈhiːt ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən
tepelná výměna
Hotter
hɒtə
teplejší
Ironing
ˈaɪənɪŋ
žehlení
Loss
lɒs
ztráta
Oven
ˈʌvən
trouba
Pan
pæn
pánev
State
ˈsteɪt
skupenství
Radiation
ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən
záření
Screen
skriːn
obrazovka, monitor
Stovetop (BrE hob)
ˈstoʊvtɑːp (BrE ˈstəʊvtɒp,
varná deska, plotna
hɒb)
Substance
ˈsʌbstəns
hmota, látka
Sunbathing
ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ
opalování (se), slunění (se)
Transfer
n ˈtrænsfɜː ; v trænsˈfɜː
přenos; přenést
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Heat Transformation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí a opakování učiva
jazykový –
Activating prior knowledge
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 44
SUBJECT:
Physics
Matter State Changes
44. Matter State Changes
Matter changes its state based on the temperature changes. As
temperature changes from low to high, matter changes its state from
solid, to liquid and finally to gas; and vice versa.
TASK 1:
Activate your knowledge of state of matter and describe each of
them.
TASK 2:
Look at the picture, explain the process of matter state changes and
give the Czech terms to the English ones.
Obrázek 21/ Matter State Change
61
61
File:Phase change - en.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_en.svg?uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Based on
ˈbeɪst ˈɒn
založený na, na základě
Condensation
ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃən
kondenzace, zkapalnění
Deposition
(desublimation)
ˌdepəˈzɪʃən
desublimace
Freezing
ˈfriːzɪŋ
tuhnutí
Ionization
ˌaɪənaɪˈzeɪʃən
ionizace
Low
ləʊ
nízký (např.teplota)
Melting
ˈmeltɪŋ
tání
Recombination
riːˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
rekombinace
Sublimation
ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃən
sublimace
Vaporization
ˌveɪpərəˈzeɪʃən/
ˌveɪpəraɪˈzeɪʃən
vypařování
Vice versa
ˈvaɪsɪ ˈvɜːsə
naopak
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Ideal Gas State Equation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Rozdílné vyjádření stavové rovnice ideálního plynu
jazykový –
Rearranging formula, converting different units
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 45
YEAR:
1.
Ideal Gas State Equation
SUBJECT:
Physics
45. Ideal Gas State Equation
TASK 1:
Revise what have you already learnt about ideal gas
TASK 2:
The state of a gas is determined by its temperature, its pressure and
the amount of substance. For the limiting case of an ideal gas these
state variables are linked by the general equation:
PV = nRT
where
P is the ................ of the gas
V is the ................ of the gas
n is the ................................
R is the ideal, or universal, ...................
T is the ………………. of the gas
TASK 3:
240cm3 of air at a pressure of 100kPa in a bicycle pump is
compressed to a volume of 150cm. What is the pressure of the
compressed air in the pump?62
62
PVT Calculations Gas Laws. Docbrown.info [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:
http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_52gaslaws.htm
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
P – pressure, V – volume, n – number of mole of gas, R – constant, T –
temperature.
TASK 3:
According to Boyle´s law equation p1 x V1 = p2 x V2 , rearranging to
scale up for the new higher pressure p2 = p1 x V1/V2 = 100 x
240/150 = 160 kPa
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Already
ɔːlˈredɪ
už, již
Bicycle pump
ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈpʌmp
pumpička na kolo
Case
keɪs
případ
Ideal gas state equation
aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs ˈsteɪt ɪˈkweɪʒən
stavová rovnice ideálního
plynu
Link
lɪŋk
propojit, spojit, souviset
Mole
məʊl
mol
Variable
ˈveərɪəbəl
proměnná
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Thermodynamic Process
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace pojmů, shrnutí učiva
jazykový –
Word formation
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 46
Thermodynamic Process
SUBJECT:
Physics
46. Thermodynamic Process
A thermodynamic process is defined by changes of state combined
with transfers of matter and energy to and from the surroundings of
the system or to and from other systems. 63
TASK 1:
Revise the basic terms: heat, internal energy, pressure, density,
temperature, thermal contact, thermal equilibrium.
TASK 2:
How do we use the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
TASK 3:
What is it reversible/irreversible process? Give some examples.
TASK 4:
Complete the table
Word part
therm/o trans -
63
Word part
meaning
Example of
word
1
2
1
2
Word meaning
1
2
1
2
Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
thermal contact- when two substances can affect each other's
temperature
thermal equilibrium - when two substances in thermal contact no
longer transfer heat
TASK 2:
This law is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy.
ΔU = Q + W
ΔU represents the net change in the internal energy of the gas
Q represents the net heat added (+) or removed (-) from a confined
gas
W is work done by the confined gas (-) or on the confined gas (+)
TASK 3:
A process is reversible if it satisfies two conditions. The process must
be quasi-static and it should be non-dissipative. This means that
there should be no friction, viscosity, etc.
TASK 4:
 thermo – connected with temperature, heat
 trans – across or through
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Affect
əˈfekt
ovlivnit, postihnout
Combine
kəmˈbaɪn
spojit (se), sloučit (se)
(ir)reversible
(ˌɪ)rɪˈvɜːsəbəl
(ne)vratný
Remove
rɪˈmuːv
vyjmout
Satisfy
ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ
splňovat
Surroundings
səˈraʊndɪŋz
okolí, prostředí
Thermodynamic process
ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪk
ˈprəʊses
termodynamický děj
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Isothermal/Isochoric/Isobaric Process
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Podstata jednotlivých procesů a rozdílů mezi nimi
jazykový –
Explaining the differences between processes
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 47
Isotermal/Isobaric/Isochoric
Process
SUBJECT:
Physics
47. Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric
Process
TASK 1:
Complete the chart summarizing the basic thermodynamic processes.
Isochoric
Isobaric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
held
constant
formula
PV diagram
TASK 2:
Can you give any examples of each process?
TASK 3:
Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a volume of 4 m3.
What is the work done by the gas if
a) it expands at constant pressure to twice its initial volume?
b) it is compressed at constant pressure to 1/4 of its initial
volume?64
64
Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
held
constant
formula
Isochoric
volume
Isobaric
pressure
P1/T1=P2/T2
V1/T1=V2/T2
Isothermal
temperature
P1V1=P2V2
Adiabatic
no heat
transferred
P1V1ϒ=P2V2ϒ
PV
diagram
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
TASK 3:
(a) W = P (V2-V1) = P (2V1-V1) = PV1 = 151500 Pa*4 m3 = 606000 J
(b) W = P (0.25V1 - V1) = -0.75PV1 = -454500 J
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adiabatic process
ˌeɪdʌɪəˈbatɪk ˈprəʊses
adiabatický děj
Chart
tʃɑːt
tabulka
Initial
ɪˈnɪʃəl
počáteční, výchozí
Isobaric process
ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈbarɪk ˈprəʊses
izobarický děj
Isochoric process
ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈkɒrɪk ˈprəʊses
izochorický děj
Isothermal process
ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈθɜːm(ə)l ˈprəʊses
izotermický děj
Twice
twaɪs
dvakrát, dvojnásobný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Adiabatic Process
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Fáze čtyřdobého motoru
jazykový –
Verb Patterns
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 48
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Adiabatic Process
48. Adiabatic Process
One of the most common example of adiabatic process is the four –
stroke engine.
Obrázek 22/ Four-stoke Cycle
65
TASK
Read the text and choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
A. The inlet valve opens. The piston moves downwards. It makes
the pressure inside the cylinder (to fall/falling/fall). This allows a
mixture of petrol and air (entering/enter/to enter) the cylinder.
B. The inlet valve closes. This stops the fuel mixture (escape/to
escape/ escaping).The piston moves upwards. This makes the
pressure in the cylinder (rising/rise/to rise).
C. The
spark
plug
lights
the
fuel
and
causes
it
(explode/exploding/to explode).
D. The outlet valve opens. The piston moves upwards. This lets the
burnt fuel (escape/to escape/escaping). 66
65
Category:Four-stroke cycle. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four-stroke_cycle?uselang=cs
TASK 2:
Look at the picture above and name each phase of the cycle.
66
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
A. fall, to enter; B. escaping, rise; C. to explode; D. escape
TASK 2:
Induction, compression, ignition, exhaust.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Allow
əˈlaʊ
umožnit
Bracket
ˈbrækɪt
kulatá závorka
Burn (pt&pp
burnt/burned)
bɜːn
hořet
Compression
kəmˈpreʃən
stlačení, stlačování
Cylinder
ˈsɪlɪndə
válec
Enter
ˈentə
vstoupit
Exhaust
ɪgˈzɔːst
výfuk (děj)
Four-stroke engine
ˈfɔːˌstrəʊk ˈendʒɪn
čtyřtaktní motor
Fuel
fjʊəl
palivo
Ignition
ɪgˈnɪʃən
zapálení
Induction
ɪnˈdʌkʃən
sání
Inlet valve
ˈɪnˌlet ˈvælv
vstupní ventil
Light (pt&pp lighted/lit)
laɪt
zapálit, zažehnout
Outlet valve
ˈaʊtlet ˈvælv
výstupní ventil
Petrol (AmE gas)
ˈpetrəl
benzín
Rise (pt rose, pp risen)
raɪz
stoupat
Spark plug
ˈspɑːk ˈplʌg
zapalovací svíčka
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Real Gas
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Pochopení rozdílu mezi ideálním a reálným plynem
jazykový –
Present simple questions
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 49
Real Gas
SUBJECT:
Physics
49. Real Gas
TASK 1:
Work with a partner: Ask question to each other to activate prior
knowledge about ideal gases.
TASK 2:
The ideal gas concept obeys the ideal gas law, assuming that there
are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules and the
volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely negligible
relative to the volume of the container. Is it also true for real gas?
TASK 3:
What is the difference between the ideal gas equation and the Van
der Waals one?
TASK 4:
Carbon dioxide gas (1.00 mole) at 373 K occupies 536 mL at 50.0
atmosphere pressure. What is the value of the pressure, using
(i) Ideal gas equation
(ii) Van der Waals equation?67
[Data - Van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide:
a = 3.61 L2 atm mol-2; b = 0.0428 L mol-1]
67
Real Gas Problems. Scilearn.sydney.edu.au [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
https://scilearn.sydney.edu.au/fychemistry/bridging_course/Questions/GasLaws%28advanced%29
SOLUTION:
TASK 4:
i. Using the Ideal Gas Equation
V = 0.536 L
n = 1.00 mol
T = 373 K
PV = nRT
P = nRT/V = 1.00 x 0.0821 x 373/0.536
= 57.1 atm
ii. Using Van der Waals equation.
(P + an2/V2)(V - nb) = nRT.
(P + 3.61 x (1.00/0.536)2)(0.536 - 1.00 x 0.0428) = 1.00 x 0.0821 x
373)
(P + 12.57)(0.493) = 30.62
P + 12.57 = 62.12
P = 49.6 atm
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Carbon dioxide
ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd
oxid uhličitý
Molecule
ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl
molekula
Negligible
ˈneglɪdʒəbəl
zanedbatelný
Occupy
ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ
zabírat, zaujímat
Prior
ˈpraɪə
předchozí, dřívější
Real gas
ˈrɪəl ˈgæs
reálný plyn
Value
ˈvæljuː
hodnota
Van der Waals equation
ˌvan də
ɪˈkweɪʒən
ˈwɑːlz/
ˈvɑːlz
Van der Waalsova rovnice
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Solid Body Structure
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Aktivizace poznatků o struktuře pevných látek
jazykový –
Reading: gapped text
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 50
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Solid Body Structure
50. Solid Body Structure
Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which
interact intensely.
1
___________ different properties of solids.
Depending on the material involved and the conditions in which it
was formed, the 2_______________ geometric pattern (crystalline
solids, which include metals and ordinary water ice) or irregularly (an
amorphous solid such as common window glass).
The forces between the atoms in a crystal can take a variety of forms.
In a crystal of sodium chloride (common salt), the 3_______________
and held together with ionic bonds. In others, the atoms share
electrons and 4______________.
Finally, the noble gases do not undergo any of these types of
bonding. In solid form, 5________________with van der Waals forces
resulting from the polarisation of the electronic charge cloud on each
atom.
The
6
differences
between
the
types
of
solid
result
_____________.68
68
Structure of Solid. Minerva.mlib.cnr.it [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z:
http://minerva.mlib.cnr.it/mod/book/view.php?id=269&chapterid=73
from
TASK 1:
Read the text about the Solid Body Structure. Parts of sentences are
missing. Match phrases a – g to gaps 1 – 6. There is one extra phrase.
a) they are held together
b) form covalent bonds
c) properties of solid materials result
d) atoms may be arranged in a regular
e) these interactions produce
f) differences between their bonding
g) crystal is made up of ionic sodium and chlorine
TASK 2:
Look at the words in blue. Decide if each word is a) a noun, b) an
adverb or c) a verb.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1e, 2d, 3g, 4b, 5a, 6f
TASK 2:
nouns: pattern, forces
verbs: include, share, result
adverb: densely
c is extra
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adverb
ˈædˌvɜːb
příslovce
Amorphous
əˈmɔːfəs
amorfní, beztvarý
Arranged
əˈreɪndʒd
uspořádaný
Atom
ˈætəm
atom
Charge
tʃɑːdʒ
náboj (elektrický)
Chlorine
ˈklɔːriːn
chlór
Covalent bond
kəʊˈveɪl(ə)nt ˈbɒnd
kovalentní vazba
Crystalline
ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn
krystalický
Decide
dɪˈsaɪd
rozhodnout
Densely
ˈdenslɪ
hustě
Intensely
ɪnˈtenslɪ
silně, intenzivně
Involved
ɪnˈvɒlvd
zúčastněný
Ionic bond
ʌɪˈɒnɪk ˈbɒnd
iotová vazba
(ir)regular
(ɪ)ˈregjʊlə
(ne)pravidelný
Metal
ˈmetəl
kov
Noble gases
ˈnəʊbəl ˈgæsɪz
vzácné plyny
Noun
naʊn
podstatné jméno
Ordinary
ˈɔːdənrɪ
běžný, obyčejný
Pattern
ˈpætən
vzor, systém
Share
ʃeə
sdílet, mít společné
Sodium
ˈsəʊdɪəm
sodík
Sodium chloride
ˈsəʊdɪəm ˈklɔːraɪd
chlorid sodný
Solid body structure
ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ ˈstrʌktʃə
struktura pevných látek
Van der Waals forces
ˌvan də ˈwɑːlz/ˈvɑːlz ˈfɔːsɪz
van der Waalsovy síly
Variety
vəˈraɪɪtɪ
rozmanitost, široká paleta
Verb
vɜːb
sloveso
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí učiva o stavbě pevných látek
jazykový –
Verb forms (to have)
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 51
Crystalline and Amorphous
Solids
SUBJECT:
Physics
51. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
TASK 1:
How much do you remember about the different types of solids?
Complete the missing information.
Differences between crystalline and amorphous solids: 69
CRYSTALLINE
AMORPHOUS
geometry
melting point
cutting
example
TASK 2:
Amorphous solids have some special properties. Can you guess what
the following words mean?
transparency, purity, solidity, formability, ease of processing,
semiconducting properties
TASK 3:
Give an example of a certain material of each property above.
69
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids. ScienceHQ.com [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z:
http://www.sciencehq.com/chemistry/crystalline-and-amorphous-solids.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Crystalline solid: the particles are definitely and orderly arranged, it
has a sharp melting point, gives clean cleavage, example: Copper
Sulphate (CuSO4), NiSO4, Diamond, Graphite, NaCl, Sugar.
Amorphous solid: does not have characteristic geometry, does not
have a sharp melting point, gives irregular cut, example: Coal, Glass,
Plastic, rubber.
TASK 2:
Ss´ own answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Amorphous
əˈmɔːfəs
beztvarý, amorfní
Cleavage
ˈkliːvɪdʒ
řez, štěpnost
Coal
kəʊl
uhlí
Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
ˈkɒpə ˈsʌlfeɪt
síran měďnatý
Crystalline
ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn
krystalický
Ease
iːz
snadnost
Formability
ˌfɔːməˈbɪlɪtɪ
tvárnost, tvárlivost
Geometry
dʒɪˈɒmɪtrɪ
geometrie
Graphite
ˈgræfaɪt
tuha, grafit
Melting point
ˈmeltɪŋ ˈpɔɪnt
bod tání
Processing
ˈprəʊsesɪŋ
zpracování
Purity
ˈpjʊərɪtɪ
ryzost, čirost, čistota
Semiconducting
ˌsemɪkənˈdʌktɪŋ
polovodivý
Sharp
ʃɑːp
ostrý
Solid
ˈsɒlɪd
pevná látka
Solidity
səˈlɪdɪtɪ
pevnost
Transparency
trænsˈpærənsɪ
průhlednost
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Crystal Lattice
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Struktura krystalické mřížky a její defekty
jazykový –
Dimensions (forming nouns from adjectives)
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 52
YEAR:
1.
Crystal Lattice
SUBJECT:
Physics
52. Crystal Lattice
TASK 1:
Let´s start with a short review of dimensions: complete the table.
Adjective
Noun
high
long
wide
depth
TASK 2:
The crystal structure of a material can be described in terms of its
unit cell - a small box containing one or more atoms arranged in 3dimensions. What parameters do we use to describe a unit cell?
TASK 3:
A perfect crystal, with every atom of the same type in the correct
position, does not exist. All crystals have some defects. 70
What are the basic classes of crystal defects? Here you can find the
answer:
https://www.ndeed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/crystal_de
fects.htm
70
Lattice and Crystal. Tf.uni-kiel.de [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.tf.uni-
kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_1/basics/b1_3_1.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
high – height, wide – width, deep – depth, long – length
TASK 2:
the lengths of the cell edges (a, b and c) and the angles between
them (alpha, beta and gamma)
TASK 3:
crystal defects – point, linear, planar
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adjective
ˈædʒɪktɪv
přídavné jméno
Crystal
ˈkrɪstəl
krystal
Crystal lattice defect
ˈkrɪstəl ˈlætɪs dɪˈfekt
porucha krystalické mřížky
Defect
dɪˈfekt
vada, kaz, porucha
Depth
depθ
hloubka
Dimension
dɪˈmenʃən
rozměr, dimenze
Height
haɪt
výška
Length
leŋθ
délka
Linear defects
ˈlɪnɪə dɪˈfekts
čarové poruchy (dislokace)
Planar defects
ˈpleɪnə dɪˈfekts
plošné poruchy
Point defects
ˈpɔɪnt dɪˈfekts
bodové poruchy
Three-dimensional
ˈθriː dɪˈmenʃən(ə)l
třírozměrný
Unit cell
ˈjuːnɪt ˈsel
základní
buňka
Width
wɪdθ
šířka
(elementární)
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Solid Body Deformation
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Praktické využití poznatků o deformaci těles
jazykový –
Present continuous forms
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 53
YEAR:
1.
Solid Body Deformation
SUBJECT:
Physics
53. Solid body Deformation
Deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object
due to an applied force or a change in temperature. Depending on
the type of material, size and geometry of the object, and the forces
applied, various types of deformation may result. The deformation is
reversible, or elastic, if the object returns to its original shape, once
the forces are no longer applied. When the stress is sufficient to
permanently deform the object, it is called irreversible or plastic
deformation.71
The knowledge of deformation effects play an important role in our
everyday life. For example it is essential for materials testing.
TASK 1:
Read an extract from the text describing a car crash test. Fill in text
the correct forms of present continuous.
“The car 1__________(run) into the concrete block at 40 kph. The
body of the dummy 2__________(stretch) the nylon seatbelt. The
dummy 3___________(touch) the airbag. Look carefully. 4_______the
dummy´s face________(strike) the front window? No, it isn´t.”72
71
Deformation (engineering). Wikimedia the Free Encyclopedia [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-25].
Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_%28engineering%29
72
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Apply to
əˈplaɪ ˈtuː
použít, uplatnit na
Deformation
ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən
deformace
Dummy
ˈdʌmɪ
figurína
Elastic deformation
ɪˈlæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən
pružná (elastická) deformace
Extract
ˈekstrækt
výňatek
Original
əˈrɪdʒɪnəl
původní
Permanently
ˈpɜːmənəntlɪ
trvale, natrvalo
Plastic deformation
ˈplæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən
plastická deformace
Result
rɪˈzʌlt
být následkem, vyplývat
Return
rɪˈtɜːn
vrátit se
Seatbelt
ˈsiːtˌbelt
bezpečnostní pás
Stress
stres
tlak
Stretch
stretʃ
natahovat, natáhnout
Strike (pt&pp struck)
straɪk
narazit
Sufficient
səˈfɪʃənt
dostatečný, dostačující
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Hooke´s Law
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Slovní a matematické vyjádření Hookova zákona
jazykový –
Conditional structures with when, if
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 54
Hooke´s Law
SUBJECT:
Physics
54. Hooke´s Law
TASK 1:
 What is the difference between reversible and irreversible
deformation?
 Do you know what the elastic limit can be?
TASK 2:
When an elastic object - such as a spring - is stretched, the increased
length is called its extension. The extension of an elastic object is
directly proportional to the force applied to it. It is Hook´s law.
1. Give the formula.
2. How can the basic formula be rearranged if we use spring
constant = applied force/extension
3. Does the value of k change if you change the shape of the
spring or the material that the spring is made of?
4. What will happen with the object if the elastic limit is
exceeded?73
TASK 3:
Do you know what common device take advantage of Hooke ´s law?
73
Hooke´s Law. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-26]. Dostupné z: http://www.scool.co.uk/a-level/physics/deformation-of-solids/revise-it/hookes-law
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
1. The Hooke´s law formula F = ke can be rearranged using spring
constant k = F/e
2. Yes, it does
3. It will be permanently deformed.
TASK 3:
For example the balance wheel in a clock
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Balance wheel
ˈbæləns ˈwiːl
setrvačník (u hodin apod.)
Elastic
ɪˈlæstɪk
pružný
Elastic limit
ɪˈlæstɪk ˈlɪmɪt
mez pružnosti
Exceed
ɪkˈsiːd
překročit
Extension
ɪkˈstenʃən
prodloužení
Hooke’s law
ˈhʊks ˈlɔː
Hookův zákon
Proportional
prəˈpɔːʃənəl
proporční, úměrný
Spring
sprɪŋ
pružina
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Thermal Expansion
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Teplotní roztažnost a její důsledky
jazykový –
Subject questions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 55
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Thermal Expansion
55. Thermal Expansion
TASK 1:
How much do you remember about the heat transfer?
TASK 2:
1. What causes thermal expansion?
2. What is the material's coefficient of thermal expansion called?
3. What is usually held constant during the expansion?
TASK 2:
What do you think the expansion joint is and what it is used for?
Obrázek 23/ Expansion Joint
74
The expansion and contraction of materials must be considered when designing large structures,
when using tape or chain to measure distances for land surveys, when designing moulds for casting
hot material, and in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to
temperature are expected.
74
File:NYCSub ExpJoint.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2005 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NYCSub_ExpJoint.jpg?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 2:
1. Thermal expansion is caused by the change of the temperature.
2. The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of
an object changes with a change in temperature.
3. Pressure (solid materials)
TASK 3:
Expansion joints absorb the thermal expansion or vibration, to hold
parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or
earthquakes.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Cast (pt&pp cast)
kɑːst
odlévat
Chain
tʃeɪn
řetěz
Coefficient
ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt
koeficient
Contraction
kənˈtrækʃən
smrštění, stažení
Design
dɪˈzaɪn
plánovat, zamýšlet
Earthquake
ˈɜːθˌkweɪk
zemětřesení
Expansion joint
ɪkˈspænʃən ˈdʒɔɪnt
dilatační spára
Expect
ɪkˈspekt
očekávat
Ground settlement
ˈgraʊnd ˈsetəlmənt
sedání půdy
Land survey
ˈlænd ˈsɜːveɪ
zeměměřičský průzkum
Mould
məʊld
forma (na odlévání)
Size
saɪz
rozměr
Tape
teɪp
pásmo (měřící)
Thermal Expansion
ˈθɜːməl ɪkˈspænʃən
teplotní roztažnost
Usually
ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ
obvykle
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Liquid Structure
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Obecné vlastnosti kapalin
jazykový –
Linking words
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 56
Liquid Structure
SUBJECT:
Physics
56. Liquid Structure
The liquid state of matter is an intermediate phase between solid and
gas.
TASK 1:
Read the text and fill in the correct linking word: because, but, so,
although, that
1)
……… liquid has an arrangement of particles similar to solids, the
particles are free to move. Liquid particles have more space between
them, 2)……. they are not fixed in position. Liquids flow and fill a
container, taking on the shape of the container 3)………. not changing
in volume. The limited amount of space between particles means
4)
………… liquids have only very limited compressibility. A liquid cannot
be compressed 5)………. the particles are close together.75
TASK 2:
Explain following terms:
cohesion and adhesion, viscosity, evaporation
75
Properties of Matter: Liquids. Livescience [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:
http://www.livescience.com/46972-liquids.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1) although, 2) so, 3) but, 4) that, 5) because
TASK 2:
 cohesion - the tendency for the same kind of particles to be
attracted to one another
 adhesion - forces of attraction exist between different types of
particles
 viscosity - a measure of how much a liquid resists flowing freely
(compare oil and honey)
 evaporation - when surface particles gain enough kinetic
energy to escape the system
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adhesion
ədˈhiːʒən
adheze, přilnavost
Although
ɔːlˈðəʊ
ačkoli
Arrangement
əˈreɪndʒmənt
uspořádání
Because
bɪˈkɒz
protože
Close
kləʊz
blízko
Cohesion
kəʊˈhiːʒən
soudržnost, koheze
Compare
kəmˈpeə
srovnat, porovnat
Compressibility
kəmˌpresəˈbɪlɪtɪ
stlačitelnost
Enough
ɪˈnʌf
dostatek
Evaporation
ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən
vypařování, odpařování
Gain
geɪn
získat, nabýt
Intermediate
ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪət
(pro)střední
Limited
ˈlɪmɪtɪd
omezený
Linking words
lɪŋkɪŋ wɜːdz
spojovací výrazy
Liquid structure
ˈlɪkwɪd ˈstrʌktʃə
struktura kapalin
Phase
feɪz
fáze, stádium
Space
speɪs
prostor
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Surface Tension
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Specifické vlastnosti kapalin
jazykový –
Strengthen specific vocabulary
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 57
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Surface Tension
57. Surface Tension
Surface tension describes the attraction between the surface water
molecules which causes the surface of a liquid to act like a thin skin is
stretched across it.
76
Obrázek 24/ Water Strider
TASK 1:
What is cohesion and how does it relate to surface tension?
TASK 2:
Why do small amounts of water on a freshly waxed car form raised
droplets instead of a thin, continuous film?
TASK 3:
What is the correlation between the surface tension of a liquid and
the strength of the intermolecular forces?
76
File:Water Strider in a Pond.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_strider_in_a_pond.jpg?uselang=cs
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Correlation
ˌkɒrɪˈleɪʃən
vzájemná souvislost
Droplet
ˈdrɒplɪt
kapička, krůpěj
Film
fɪlm
povlak, tenká vrstva
Form
fɔːm
vytvořit
Freshly
ˈfreʃlɪ
čerstvě
Instead of sth.
ɪnˈsted ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ
místo něčeho
Relate
rɪˈleɪt
mít souvislost, souviset
Skin
skɪn
pokožka, kůže
Strength
streŋθ
síla
Surface tension
ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən
povrchové napětí
Thin
θɪn
tenký
Waxed
wækst
navoskovaný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Elevation, Depression
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Kapilární elevace a deprese
jazykový –
Making predictions
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 58
YEAR:
1.
SUBJECT:
Physics
Elevation, Depression
58. Elevation, Depression
TASK 1:
Capillary Action - elevation and depression - is the tendency of liquids
to rise or to be depressed in tubes of small diameter due to the
adhesion and cohesion forces. When a glass capillary is put into a
dish of water, water is drawn up into the tube.
 What does the height to which the water rises depend on?
TASK 2:
Look at the diagram below. Why is the shape of the meniscus
different in water and in mercury?
Obrázek 25/ Capillary Action
77
TASK 3:
Predict what will happen when a glass capillary is put into a beaker of
SAE 20 motor oil.
77
File:Capillarity.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Capillary_action
 Will the oil be pulled up into the tube by capillary action or
pushed down below the surface of the liquid in the beaker?
 What will be the shape of the meniscus (convex or concave)?78
TASK 4:
Can you give some examples of capillary actions in our everyday life?
78
Unique Properties of Liquids. Saylor.dot.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_general-chemistry-principles-patterns-and-applications-v1.0/s15-03unique-properties-of-liquids.html
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
The height to which the water rises depends on the diameter of the
tube and the temperature of the water.
TASK 2:
Because of different strength of adhesive and cohesive forces. In
liquids such as water, the meniscus is concave; in liquids such as
mercury, however, which have very strong cohesive forces and weak
adhesion to glass, the meniscus is convex.
TASK 3, 4:
Ss´ own predictions, answers
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Adhesion
ədˈhiːʒən
přilnavost
Be depressed
ˈbiː dɪˈprest
být snížený, stlačený
Beaker
ˈbiːkə
kádinka
Capillarity (capillary action)
ˌkapɪˈlarɪti (kəˈpɪləri ˈækʃən)
vzlínání
Capillary
kəˈpɪlərɪ
kapilára
Concave
ˈkɒnkeɪv or kɒnˈkeɪv
(vy)dutý, konkávní
Convex
ˈkɒnveks or kɒnˈveks
vypuklý, konvexní
Depression
dɪˈpreʃən
deprese, snížení
Diameter
daɪˈæmɪtə
průměr
Dish
dɪʃ
miska, nádoba
Elevation
ˌelɪˈveɪʃən
elevace, zvýšení
Meniscus
məˈnɪskəs
meniscus (zakřivený
povrch kapaliny u vzlínání)
Rise (pt rose, pp risen)
raɪz
stoupat
Tube
tjuːb
trubička
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Thermal Expansion of Liquids
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Důsledky teplotní roztažnosti kapalin
jazykový –
relating the content to the students´ experience
Pomůcky:
WORKSHEET NO. 59
YEAR:
1.
Thermal Expansion of Liquids
SUBJECT:
Physics
59. Thermal Expansion of Liquids
TASK 1:
How much do you remember? Explain the following terms:
 thermal expansion, thermal expansion coefficient, linear and
volume expansion
TASK 2:
1. What is greater: expansion of liquids or solids?
2. Is the thermal expansion of liquids linear or volume?
3. Why does the glass crack if you pour boiled water into it? How
can you prevent it?
4. What are the pipeline expansion loops used for?
Obrázek 26/ Pipeline Expansion Loop
79
79
File:Pipeline Expansion Loops. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-30]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pipeline_Expansion_Loops_-_geograph.org.uk_-_633252.jpg
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in
response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer.
The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an
object changes with a change in temperature.
TASK 2:
1. Expansion of liquids is greater
2. Volume
3. Due to thermal expansion and different temperatures of the
glass and water.
4. To avoid explosion of pipes, to control pressure.
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Avoid
əˈvɔɪd
vyhnout se
Boiled water
ˈbɔɪld ˈwɔːtə
vařící voda
Crack
kræk
prasknout, popraskat
Expansion loop
ɪkˈspænʃən ˈluːp
dilatační smyčka
Explosion
ɪkˈspləʊʒən
výbuch, exploze
Linear expansion
ˈlɪnɪə ɪkˈspænʃən
délková (teplotní)
roztažnost
Pipeline
ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn
potrubí (dálkové)
Pour
pɔː
lít, nalít
Prevent
prɪˈvent
zabránit, předejít
Thermal expansion of liquids
ˈθɜːməl
ˈlɪkwɪdz
Volume expansion
ˈvɒljuːm ɪkˈspænʃən
ɪkˈspænʃən
ˈɒv
teplotní roztažnost kapalin
objemová (teplotní)
roztažnost
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
The Solar System
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Sluneční soustava, planety
jazykový –
Pronunciation of specific terms
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 60
SUBJECT:
Physics
The Solar System
60. The Solar System
TASK 1:
How much do you know about our Solar System? Explain the
following terms, give the Czech words for them as well.
Astronomical unit, inner/outer planets, dwarf planets, stars,
comets, natural satellites, gravitational force, revolution, rotation,
orbit.
TASK 2:
To check your answers and find out more about our Solar System visit
https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/ 80
TASK 3:
Label the planets of our Solar System.
Obrázek 27/ Solar System
80
81
Solar System flashcards. Quizlet [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/
81
Vlastní tvorba
SOLUTION:
TASK 1, 2:
See the website, Ss´ can check pronunciation of new words
TASK 3:
Note! Pluto is not considered to be a planet
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Asteroid
ˈæstəˌrɔɪd
planetka
Astronomical unit
ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl ˈjuːnɪt
astronomická jednotka
Comet
ˈkɒmɪt
kometa
Dwarf planet
ˈdwɔːf ˈplænɪt
trpasličí planeta, trpaslík
Earth
ɜːθ
Země
Geocentric
ˌdʒiːəʊˈsentrɪk
geocentrický, zeměstředný
Heliocentric
ˌhiːlɪə(ʊ)ˈsentrɪk
heliocentrický
Inertia
ɪnˈɜːʃə
setrvačnost
Inner
ˈɪnə
vnitřní
Jupiter
ˈdʒuːpɪtə
Jupiter
Mars
mɑːz
Mars
Mercury
ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ
Merkur
Meteor
ˈmiːtɪə
meteor
Neptune
ˈneptjuːn
Neptun
Orbit
ˈɔːbɪt
oběžná dráha, orbit
Outer
ˈaʊtə
vnější
Planet
ˈplænɪt
planeta
Pluto
ˈpluːtəʊ
Pluto
Retrograde
ˈretrəʊˌgreɪd
zpětný, retrográdní
Revolution
ˌrevəˈluːʃən
otáčka
Satellite
ˈsætəˌlaɪt
družice (planet), měsíc
Saturn
ˈsætɜːn
Saturn
Sun
sʌn
Slunce
Uranus
jʊˈreɪnəs
Uran
Venus
ˈviːnəs
Venuše
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
The Sun
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Slunce – základní statistické údaje
jazykový –
Looking information up in a data source
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 61
SUBJECT:
Physics
The Sun
61. The Sun
The Sun is our nearest star, it is the centre of our solar system and it
provides everything with energy. As a result of the sun being so close,
scientists have been able to gather lots of information about it.
TASK 1:
The Sun has the following statistics: (fill in the missing numbers)
Distance from Earth
Radius
Mass
Luminosity
Temperature
Age
Composition 82
TASK 2:
Label the diagram:
Obrázek 28/ Solar Internal Structure
82
83
SF Sun Facts - Space Facts [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://space-facts.com/thesun/
83
File:Coupe solei.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2003 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coupe_soleil.png?uselang=cs
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
Distance from Earth - 150x106 km or 1AU
Radius - 6.95x105 km
Mass - 1.99x1030 kg
Luminosity - 3.8x1026 Watts
Temperature - 5770K or 3043°C
Age - 4.5x109 years
Composition - 74% Hydrogen, 24% Helium, 2% Other
TASK 2:
From the bottom to the top: thermonuclear core, photosphere,
chromosphere, corona, protuberance
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Chromosphere
ˈkrəʊməsfɪə
chromosféra
Composition
ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən
skladba, složení
Corona
kəˈrəʊnə
koróna
Gather
ˈgæðə
shromáždit
Helium
ˈhiːlɪəm
helium
Hydrogen
ˈhaɪdrɪdʒən
vodík
Luminosity
ˌluːmɪˈnɒsɪtɪ
zářivý výkon, svítivost
Mass
mæs
hmotnost
Near
nɪə
blízký
Photosphere
ˈfəʊtəsfɪə
fotosféra
Protuberance
prəˈtjuːbərəns
protuberance
Provide
prəˈvaɪd
poskytovat, dodat
Scientist
ˈsaɪəntɪst
vědec
Thermonuclear core
ˌθɜːməʊˈnjuːklɪə ˈkɔː
jádro
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Stars
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Hvězdy a jejich podstata
jazykový –
Reading for specific information, comprehensive check
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 62
Stars
SUBJECT:
Physics
62. Stars
TASK 1:
How much do you know about stars? Try to answer the questions.
1. What are constellations?
2. Why do stars shine so brightly?
3. Which star is closest to the Earth?
4. What are stars made up of?
TASK 2:
Read the text and match the question (1-4) above to the paragraphs
(a-d). Were your answers in T1 correct?
a) Over millions of years, hot clouds of gas called nebulae grow
until they explode and form huge balls of fire. This is how stars
are born. Our own sun is a star as well.
b) Stars are sources of light. This is why they shine so brightly. The
moon, planets and comets also shine, however they don´t give
their own light, they just can reflect it.
c) Stars are very far away. The sun is the nearest star to Earth, but
it is still about 150 million km away! It is a part of the Milky Way
galaxy. There are more than 100 billion stars there.
d) Stars join together in a big groups which are called
constellations. If you draw lines between them they sometime
look like objects, animals or people. For example Orion looks
like a giant hunter with a sword.
TASK 2:
Replace the words in bold with words from the text.
1. They are hot clouds of gas
2. They don´t give out their own light.
3. It is the nearest star to Earth.
4. There are billions of stars there.
5. They are groups of stars
6. It looks like a hunter.84
84
Upstream Elementary A2. England: Express Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84466-572-3.
SOLUTION:
TASK 1:
1d, 2b, 3c, 4a
TASK 2:
1 nebulae, 2 the moon, planets and comets, 3 our sun, 4 Milky way, 5
constellations, 6 Orion
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Billion
ˈbɪljən
miliarda
Bold
bəʊld
tučný (písmo)
Brightly
ˈbraɪtlɪ
jasně
Cloud
klaʊd
oblak, mračno
Constellation
ˌkɒnstɪˈleɪʃən
souhvězdí
Giant
ˈdʒaɪənt
obrovský, obří
Huge
hjuːdʒ
obrovský
Hunter
ˈhʌntə
lovec
Milky Way
ˈmɪlkɪ ˈweɪ
Mléčná dráha
Moon
muːn
měsíc
ˈnebjʊlə
mlhovina
Reflect
rɪˈflekt
odrážet
Replace
rɪˈpleɪs
nahradit
ʃaɪn
zářit, svítit
Source
sɔːs
zdroj
Sword
sɔːd
meč
Nebula
(pl.
nebulae)
Shine
shone/shined)
nebulas/
(pt&pp
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Galaxy
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Shrnutí tematického celku, systemizace poznatků
jazykový –
Making a mind map
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 63
SUBJECT:
Physics
Galaxy
63. Galaxy
TASK 1:
In a group brainstorm as many terms connected with the solar
system, universe or galaxies as you know to create a word bank.
TASK 2:
Using your word bank make a mind map to organize your thoughts.
Work in groups. Here you can find some useful information:
http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mindmap-for-maximum-productivity/ 85
The central idea should be Galaxy
Obrázek 29/ Types of Galaxies
85
86
How to Make a Mind Map. Time Management Ninja [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-map-for-maximum-productivity/
86
Category:Galaxies. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galaxies
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Brainstorm
ˈbreɪnˌstɔːm
provádět
brainstorming
(tj. říkat myšlenky bez
jejich hodnocení)
Connected with
kəˈnektɪd ˈwɪθ
spojený s
Create
kriːˈeɪt
vytvořit
Galaxy
ˈgæləksɪ
galaxie, hvězdná soustava
Organise (AmE organize)
ˈɔːgəˌnaɪz
uspořádat, utřídit
Thought
θɔːt
myšlenka
Universe
ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs
vesmír
Useful
ˈjuːsfʊl
užitečný
Název projektu:
Číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008
Téma:
Review
Účel:
Předmět:
Fyzika
Cílová skupina:
Časová dotace:
Cíle aktivity:
obsahový –
Závěrečné opakování učiva
jazykový –
Enhancing participation in a debate
Pomůcky:
YEAR:
1.
WORKSHEET NO. 64
Review
SUBJECT:
Physics
64. Review
TASK:
Check what you have already learned doing this quiz. Work with your
partner:
Rain is falling vertically downwards. To a man running east-wards,
the rain will appear to be coming from
A.
east
B.
west
C.
northeast
D.
southeast
One nano meter is equal to
A.
10-6m
B.
10-8m
C.
10-9m
D.
10-5m
Moment of inertia is
A.
vector
B.
scalar
C.
phasor
D.
tensor
It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains,
because
A.
in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains
B.
due to low atmospheric pressure on the hills, the water boils at a
temperature higher than 100oC
C.
in the hills the atmospheric density is low and therefore a lot of heat
is lost to the atmosphere
D.
in the hills the humidity is high and therefore a lot of heat is absorbed
by the atmosphere leaving very little heat for cooking
Sound travels with a different speed in media. In what order does
the velocity of sound increase in these media?
A.
Water, iron and air
B.
Iron, air and water
C.
Air, water and iron
D.
Iron, water and air
RADAR is used for
A.
locating submerged submarines
B.
receiving a signals in a radio receiver
C.
locating geostationary satellites
D.
detecting and locating the position of objects such as aeroplanes
If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon
by the same force for the same time, then the both bodies acquire
the same
A.
velocity
B.
momentum
C.
acceleration
D.
kinetic energy
Pa(Pascal) is the unit for
A.
thrust
B.
pressure
C.
frequency
D.
conductivity
SOLUTION:
1A, 2C, 3D, 4A, 5C, 6D, 7B, 8B
Dictionary
English
Pronunciation
Czech
Acquire
əˈkwaɪə
získat, nabýt
Appear
əˈpɪə
zdát se
Conductivity
ˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvɪtɪ
vodivost
Detect
dɪˈtekt
objevit, zaznamenat
Downwards
ˈdaʊnwədz
směrem dolů
Eastwards
ˈiːstwədz
na východ
Geostationary satellite
dʒiːəʊˈsteɪʃənəri ˈsætəlaɪt
stacionární družice
Humidity
hjuːˈmɪdɪtɪ
vlhkost
Iron
ˈaɪən
železo
Locate
ləʊˈkeɪt
najít, vypátrat, zaměřit
Momentum
məʊˈmentəm
hybnost
Order
ˈɔːdə
pořadí
Plain
pleɪn
planina, rovina
Radar
ˈreɪdɑː
radar, radiolokace
Receive
rɪˈsiːv
přijímat
Therefore
ˈðeəˌfɔː
proto

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