8/2/2013 - Katedra filosofie

P A N T H E O N, Volume 8 No. 2
Authors, Title of the Articles, Abstracts, Keywords and Contact
Addresses
Author
Pospíšil, V. Ctirad (Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic)
Title of the Article
Evoluční teorie vzniku lidstva v české odborné literatuře let 1845–1915 se zvláštním zřetelem
k náboženství (pp. 3-31)
Evolutionary Theory of Humankind in the Czech Academic Literature with Special Reference to
Religion in the years 1845–1915
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present important historical findings concerning the attitudes of Czech
scholarly and cultural community in the Czech lands in the years 1850–1915 towards the theory
of evolution preferably in relation to religion. In the context of this survey the basic goal is to
refute many unfounded and ideologically grounded pre-understandings still dominant in the
Czech environment. From the many notable findings it is important to highlight the existence of
the so-called midstream defined against not only atheism, but also against clerical theology and
reconciling evolutionary origin of humankind with Christian faith with the help of Mivart’s or
Braun’s propositions. The prevalent preferences of the Czech natural scientists for mechanistic
conception of evolution and for atheistic position are not clearly manifest until the first two
decades of the 20th century. Since the mid-1 920s, Catholic theology more clearly inclined
towards Mivart’s proposition and accepted the evolutionary emergence of Man, but not in its
mechanistic interpretation. The position is, of course with some oscillation of exceptions,
constant to this day.
Keywords
Dějiny vědy, dějiny české přírodní vědy, darwinismus, antropologie, filosofie vědy, náboženství,
filosofie náboženství, teologie
Contact address
Prof. Ctirad V. Pospíšil
Katedra systematické teologie
Cyrilometodějská teologická fakulta
Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci
Univerzitní 244/22
771 11 Olomouc
Česká republika
E-mail: [email protected]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author
Zbíral, David (Masaryk University, Czech Republic)
Title of the Article
Hédonistické křesťanství, sexuální morálka a vyjednávání o identitě: Případ Grazidy Lizierové
(1320) (pp. 32-45)
Hedonistic Christianity, Sexual Morals and the Negotiation of Identity: The Case of Grazida
Lizier (1320)
Abstract
This article is a case study of sexual morals and identity construction in 14th century Europe
based on the trial records of Grazida Lizier, extant in the register of Jacques Fournier, Bishop of
Pamiers. Grazida’s worldview is Christian but hedonistic, and is not based on the concept of sin
but on the concept of pleasure. Sexual intercourse that pleases both partners cannot really
displease God; indeed, such intercourse cannot be sinful. I try to show that this view is not a
haphazard excuse for Grazida’s extramarital relationship with the priest Peter Clergue, but an
organic part of her wider system of beliefs. Later, I argue that even if Grazida finally admitted to
having taken this view from Peter, it was by no means something alien to, or superficial in her
thinking, and I track such a claim back to a unilateral model of interaction where dominant actors
are considered to be the producers and subordinate actors the consumers of cultural resources. I
question this model, and strive to demonstrate that Grazida was not a mere object of other
people’s strategies but claimed her own space for agency.
Keywords
Grazida Lizierová, sexuální morálka, hédonismus, sexualita, identita, religiozita, kulturní zdroje,
prostor k jednání, inkvizice, inkviziční registr Jakuba Fourniera
Contact address
Doc. PhDr. David Zbíral, Ph.D.
Ústav religionistiky
Filozofická fakulta
Masarykova univerzita
Arna Nováka 1
602 00 Brno
Česká republika
E-mail: [email protected]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Author
Klapetek, Martin (University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice)
Title of the Article
Synagoga, kostel, mešita…Architektura jako téma pro religionistiku (pp. 46-61)
Synagogue, Church, Mosque… Architecture as a Topic for the Study of Religions
Abstract
Sacral architecture is an interesting research area for religion studies and can be studied from
many aspects. Specific functions of sacral architecture possibly change in time. They may tend to
preserve conservative traditions or to express the movements in society. We can also analyse
differences between sacral and secular architecture and their origin, especially of primarily non-
functional ones. Important information on the architect and the contractor of the building can be
derived from discussions of choices of execution of the building, its location, as well as its
interior decoration. Sacral buildings have significantly influenced public space, often becoming
centres of movements transforming European societies and this role still remains but changes in
relation to the understanding of public spaces of European communities. Sacral architecture
shows the inner transformations and tendencies in particular religious communities as well.
Comparison of studies of normative and of living forms of religion can be used, however we
must keep in mind that the approach and methods of the study of religions do not describe the
situation completely as there is an important role played also by those parts of European societies
that characterize themselves primarily non-religiously.
Keywords
Sakrální architektura, náboženské společenství, mešita, synagoga, kostel, hřbitov,
funkce architektury
Contact Address
Martin Klapetek, Ph.D.
Katedra filosofie a religionistiky
Teologická fakulta Jihočeské univerzity
v Českých Budějovicích
Kněžská 8
370 01 České Budějovice
Česká republika
E-mail: [email protected]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Author
Horáková, Jana (University of Ostrava, Czech Republic)
Title of the Article
Anonymní dopis proti filosofii, MS OPP. 585 (pp. 62-93)
Anonymous Letter against Philosophy, MS OPP. 585
Abstract
This article presents the first translation of the so-called anonymous letter against philosophy, a
Hebrew manuscript from the 15th century probably written in Prague or in Lesser Poland.
Before the actual translation is offered, there is a short study about the manuscript and the letter
placing them into their historical and intellectual contexts. The study also discusses problems of
linguistic analysis and the analysis of sources which contributes to a better understanding of the
author, of his letter and most importantly of his arguments, which present a significant
contribution to the discussion about philosophy within Judaism. Although the letter was written
more than one century after the Maimonidean controversies, the arguments can be interpreted as
a part of the so-called anti-philosophical camp of the controversies. The letter itself is also often
marked as an “anti-philosophical” but as will become evident from the analysis of the language
and the sources of the letter, the author himself comes from philosophical environment. Due to
this fact, his arguments are philosophical, although they are in some aspects meant against
philosophy however, it is important to say, not in a destructive way, the author just subordinates
philosophy to Judaism in all cases, where philosophy seems to jeopardize basic principles and
teachings of Judaism. Therefore, the anonymous letter against philosophy is an important
document deserving attention of scholars interested in Jewish philosophy or in Medieval
philosophy.
Keywords
středověký judaismus, Maimonides, dopis proti filosofii
Contact Address
Mgr. et Mgr. Jana Horáková
Katedra filozofie
FF, Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě
Reální 5
701 03 Ostrava
Česká republika
E-mail: [email protected]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author
Děkanovská, Kateřina (Hus Institute of Theology, Prague, Czech Republic)
Title of the Article
Vlivy mezináboženského dialogu na postoje muslimů k jiným náboženstvím (pp. 94-112)
Effects of Interreligious Dialogue on Attitudes of Muslims to Other Religions
Abstract
The article deals with a research done in 2012 among Muslims living in Europe who are engaged
in a dialogue with Christians and other religious communities. The author begins by describing
the levels of interreligious dialogue and its secular and spiritual forms in current European
society. After introducing her methodology and the research hypothesis, she analyses responses
to individual questions in the questionnaire and finally verifies her hypothesis, finding several
factors influencing the outcome of the research and detecting certain patterns of who the
participants in such a dialogue are.
Keywords
Mezináboženský dialog, křesťanství, islám, křesťané, muslimové, Evropa, migrace, Západ,
náboženský pluralismus, sebereflexe, spiritualita
Contact Address
Kateřina Děkanovská, Ph.D.
Husův institut teologických studií
V Tišině 3
160 00 Praha 6 – Bubeneč¨
Česká republika
E-mail: [email protected]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author
Banek, Kazimierz (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland)
Title of the Article
Starożytne kontakty grecko – egipskie. Historia pewnej fascynacji (pp. 113-134)
Ancient Greek-Egyptian Relationship. History of a Fascination
Abstract
civilization, and in particular the creation and the turbulent development of its philosophical and
religious thought, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the phenomenon could not come
into existence in the total isolation from the environment. What arises from reading ancient texts,
starting from The Iliad and The Odyssey, is that their authors realized that, and they attached
particular importance to Greek-Egyptian relations. According to Herodotus, Egyptian influences
took place as early as in the mythical era. They became particularly visible in the religious sphere:
Melampus would bring the cult of Dionysus to Greece, the Daughters of Danaus – the ceremony
of Thesmophoria, and a priestess from Thebes would found an oracle in Delphi, which later
became famous. A similar opinion was presented by Aeschylus, Pindar and Euripides in their
works, and in later times by Hecataeus of Abdera, DiodorusSiculus, Arrian, Clement of
Alexandria and Saint Augustine. What results from various ancient accounts is that Perseus,
Heracles, Io, Apis (a mythical king of Argos), Helen, Menelaus, and Orpheus travelled to Egypt.
What deserves special attention is the theory which was quite popular at that time that Helen did
not reach Troy at all, but all the time stayed at the royal court in Egypt. That is why the Trojans
could not fulfil the demands of the Greeks to make Paris return the wife to Menelaus. In the
historic times, numerous prominent philosophers and scholars would go to Egyptian priests to
study. They were, among others: Thales of Miletus, Cleobulus of Lindos, Solon, Pythagoras,
Hecataeus of Miletus, Herodotus, Euripides, Democritus, Eudoxus, Plato. A special role in
passing certain religious and philosophical ideas was performed by colleges of pontiffs of wellknown Egyptian temples: in Heliopolis (the Temple of Re), Thebes (the Temple of Amun),
Memphis (the Temple of Ptah) and Sais (the Temple of Neith). In this way, the teaching about
the immortality of the soul and its transmigration through incarnations was adopted by Greece
from Egypt (through Pythagoras, and perhaps also through Orpheus), in addition to astronomical
knowledge (Thales, Eudoxus), philosophical (Solon, Democritus, Plato), mathematical and
geometrical knowledge (Pythagoras, Eudoxos). In the Hellenistic times, one of significant effects
of the process of mutual penetration of the Egyptian and Greek thought was the formation of
the cult of Hermes Trismegistus and hermeticism. The major role in this issue was performed by
Alexandria, particularly its intellectual centre, the Mouseion, the temple of the Muses and at the
same time something in-between a contemporary university and an academy of sciences.
Keywords
Kultura grecka, kultura egipska, filozofia i religia, kontakty międzykulturowe
Contact address
Prof. Kazimerz Banek
Instytut Religioznawstwa
Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
ul. Grodzka 52
31-044 Kraków
Polska
E-mail: [email protected]