liána Sain

----
- MA TEMA TIKA
ID. MATHEMA TICS NA PHYSICS
A FYZIKA
HOV," TO READ MATHEIVIATICAJ,;S,YllmOlS IN ENGLISH
=~=========~==============~=~====================
~
,
.
Arithmetic und Alpebra Ie riG~tikI,
+
-
-
.
=+=
._
I
+
; +
00
-
-
nekone~no
.
nekone~ny; N.B. f~nite 'I'fainaitI- kone~oy
a times b I'e1 'taiqJz'9i:I
a krat 9
a multipl~ed by b I ei maltiplaid bai bi:l
a nasobeno b
a b I ei
a/b; a
a algebra)
-
infinity l!n finitiI
infinite I lnfinitI
ab; .a. b;
a x b
a : b
(Aritmetika
plus I'pla~I
plus
positive I pozitivI
kladny
minus I'ma;naeI
minus
negative I negativI - zaporny
plus or minus I'plas 0: 'meinesI - plus nebo minus
positive or negative I'pozitiv 0: 'negativI
kladny nebo zaporny
minus or plus I'maines,o: 'plasI ; minus nebo plus
negative or positive
I negativ 0: pozitivI
zaporny nebo kladny
..
-
+
I reldzibraI
of
b;
bi:l
-
ab
-
.
a divided b;'t' b
I'ei,di'vaididbai 'bi:I
a deleno b
a over b I ei ouva bi:I - a lomeno b
8 by bI'ei
bai 'hi:I - a deleno b
the ratio of a to b loa 'reiaiou av 'ei ta 'bi:I
pomer a ku b
I' i:kwalz~
rovna se
equals
is equal
to liz i:kwal tal - je rovno
,
"
pro~ortion Ip~a po:san! : a is to b as c is to d 1 ei iz ta bi:
az si: iz ta' di:I
umera a ma se ku b jako c ~u d
-
s/b = c/d;
a:b =c:d
-
identical
-
Iai'dentikalI
-
-
is not equal to Iiz not
; =
i:k\valtal
.
-
rovny
identicky
neni roven
,
..
is approximately
equalto Iiz a proksimitli
-
.b
=;=
>
i:kwdl tal
je
-
-
-<
less then
}
i:
I'lea oan!
-
mens! nez
,
;
not greater than I not greita oanI
neni vets! nez
not less than I'not 'leaoenI
nenimene!
nez
vets! nez
greater than or equal to I'greita~an ar '1: kwal tal
neborovno
.
less than or equal to r"lesoan er 'i: kVlaltal' -. mens! nez nebo
rovny
-
:?:jf;
-<.<,
-
pribliZne
rovno
similar to I'simila tal
podoboy
equivalentto Ii'kwivalanttal
ekvivalentn!
must be equal to I'maat bi: 'i:kwaltal - mue! se rovnat
congruent
I'ko~ruantI
kongruentn!
..
greater
than
1 greita oan! - veta! nez
.,
00
identicky, totozny
identically equal to Iai'dentikal1 'i:kwal.taI
does not equal I'daz,not :t:kwaII
nerovna se
+
"""
.
....
>.
<' '
an
-
greater
than, equal to qr less than l'greita ~an 'i:lQvalta 0: 'lea
aanI - vets! nez, rovny nebo men~! nez
a a a
... to
n factors l'ftEktazI:a to the nth
I'ei ta ~i 'enGl
a na n-tou
ya ;
al/2
the positive square (second) root of a ~or positive 8 :,
')he square
ei~
av
eiI
,{l
-
root
o~t
of a
l~a
skwea
nebo: the square (second) root of a
n th root
n th root
(/1
(second)
~IAti
druhs
of 8
odmocnina
I'enG,'ru:~
z a
av '~iI
,
loa
out of a I enG ru:t aut av eil
i/~J
tf
(,sekand),
,
ru: t
.
skwea (aekand)
n-ta
8~t av
ru:t
odmocnina z a
the reciprocal ,~ri'ei~ra~alI ,of an : lIan
1 ei ta maines
enI
a na
,
-
a to minus n
.
( )
parentheses
1pa.
round .brackets
braces
I J
(am.)
bracket~
~engisi~zl
)
'1 'brrekitl}!,
.
.._~..)
-
.
kulat~
_
akwea b~k1ts1
.~.
'angular.bracketsI~~~JulQ'b~klteI
,.:.
,-,braces. I bre~$~zI . - slozen~
IJ
:(
b~k1 ts1
Ibre1siz1
square br~ckets
<
".
,1 raund
~-tou
dvorky
.i.
hranet~ z~vorky
-
lomen~'~a~Qrky
zlivorky
brlilC"keta t'brre1i:itsI
- za:v.ork~,otevHt
zlivorku
end' ~f brackets '1' end av 'bh£ldtsI
z~vorka se zavf.e
;
.
S + ball
na druhou
e
. the ,base
.-
.
-,.
squBX'ed
'.
.,';
I' e1 plss"bi:
. <.
garitmu.
loga;.
10g10a
. .'
.
",
0: 1
of ,the ,sys~e~ of nat~al
c1vrm~ral10gar19amzI
-
"
skweadI
-
logarithms
l ,e = .2..71828...
.
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.,
.
,
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'
b
to ceH.
.
loa, 'bels av; oa ' s1stiD1
zillad pHr'ozen~hc> 10.
,
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.
-':
;
~'qmmon(Brlgg81an) logar! thm of a. I koman ( brigs:l;an) 'logariQam .av,
el~ . (log a.ls llsed.;forl'OglO
a when the context aho-yt8'1;hat the base
-
is 10)
obecn1logl}r1 tmliB, a,',
log to the base 10 1 log ta oa.be1s
na't~al
log ,a; In 8;
..'
. . '.'.,
log pl-i'zlikledu
10
'
.
(Nap1ei-1im):l,ogari t~gto:t' a I' rm~ral (na' pia,~lan) ~loka.rieam
- pf11'"Ozentlogari"tmul)a . "
.
-:
.
BV '1:1
16g~ 8
-
ten!
,.
1t1g'1;o:f;he basee.
dyo.:tlC6V~ log
llog,teQ9.
1:1
be1e
-r
log
,.,
pf1:f~akladu
. '.
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et
.....
9E,i~U1'"a1losar1 ib of' a c~~~lex: number I' ra?~ral 'log~riQall1 aV'a"
komPleks n8ll1baI
prlrqzen$
log komplexn:Cho <Sisll!
~'vai-:ies ~!r~ctl;y ae' b I'e1"~ea:t1z
di'rektli
az 'bitI
'8 se m~ni
UD1~rn.~
. k )i
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,
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8 4.sdir,ect1y
:91;'oport10na'1 to b I e1 lz d1 rektl1pra
po: sn],t~,1:t~:I
-
l!1ec: b
! .
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fI j~pfl:rii1o'
U1'Il~x1i~.b .
Z -1
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8
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.,
ba:
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s~~adI
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a
a
a
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-
a.s
<S.4rkou
~
double prime 1 at dabl praimI
, ,",.
",.
three dashed I,ei
,Qri: ,~~tI
three primes
1. e1 'Qri:praimzI
, .
,
,
with n dashes
I,ei wi~ ,en ,~8izI
a with n primes I el wio '~n . pra1mzI
a BUbscrip~ n ,1' e1, , sabakript: 'en!
.a sub n I el aab enI
. .'
HI
/
(
\
J
e vinovkou
a a pruhem na druhou
ana druhou s pr~em
I.el
.,., praimI ,
le~
dEjbl~8I
8 double dashed' ; el,. dabl, ~stI
j
-a
a S dvema pruhy
skwead
I ei~~tt
a pr1me (am.)
a double dash.
"
I' e1 ' tlld1dI
a spruhem
,
~.
a bar squared
I, ei
.
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a squared bar 1 ei
adaah
1 ' e~ ' ~.~~
,
.. druht1.odmo~rii~
'wan!
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I eista:dI
.,
82
f
I ai,' ~t~:1
8 bar l'e1,"ba;1
a barred
~ e1 ba:dI
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8 double bar I el dab!
~
a
;' at11~ed
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' mainas
,",.
a starred,
'"
a
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.
a tilde ~.I 'e3. 'tilde!
.',
. '.
of: -1 . l' s)cwea' rillta'l
.Sq~~root
.
D
a s dvAma~lirkaml
,
s s trem! <Slirkam1
,
a B n-Mrk9mi
a B
indexem n,
.
I
sub one I ,I'e~
aa first
e1 fa:'ssh
st!. 'wan!.
,.,
I,
a sub two tel,
sab tu:l
a second
1 e1
.
sekandI
_' a s 1ndexem I
_
,
a s indexem 2
,
,
' a jedne
'
8 dye
absolute. value of a I !EbaaIu: t vreIju av e11 .. abaolutn:!
z a
.
,
"
numerical va~ue of a ~nju merikal. vrelJu av e1I
prosta
modulus a I modjulas
eil
modul a
la I
-
==-
r. ~
,/ f.
~
f".
\l\i'J"~
t
-
h.odnotli
. -
hodnot~ a_
U a "
0; conj a
;
:
.
I
!!erg
a
norm of ai'
no\:mav
conjugate
of
a conjugated
a "I 'k9ndzugi t av ' eiI'
Iiei
kondzugeitidI',
I '9:gjl,lm,mtav 'e\!
argument Sf'a
.
amplitude.'
jfl(a)j$l(ah
Rela)
HaJJ .7(a)'j Jf17(~)
of a
real part
.
.
c'st
x
~
,
of a
i'iiai
-
is congruent
'.'~
to a
.-,
-
.
,
.
a
"
-
--
kbMl'Uant
ta
.'
,..
"
'-
.
sdruzen~
a a
a
Mst ~isla e.,
imaglnarn!
-
' pa: t av 'eiI
eiI
,.
x Je korigruentn!'
.
,.
axes. I jU11it
jedl1otkov~ vektoryleZicive
-
a:ksl: zI
'
.
(komplexne)
-amplituda
: -,---'
T eks ii.'
...,'...,
os'
cislo
-argutnent
elI;
uni ~ vec'tor!} along the coordinate
koli o:dnit
. . .
,.
Ii.' ~Q~inarl'
,
.
~v
_
'pa:'tav"eiI..,realna.
of. a
a.
- -
norrp.a z a
I ~mp11tju:d
1ml::lginary part
cisla
;,e1I'-
,.,
'.'
vektaz a lop 08
smerus6uradnych~
'.
.
.
(o.h)\,
scalar; produc~of
:the. Veqtors aahd b 1'skEla 'prodakt aV ~a
'.yekt~z
ei and bi:I.
-.sk~l~rnisoy.cin
~ektorQ a a b
,
dot ~roduct of the vectors
a and b I dot. prodakt av oa vektaz.
ei
0..6 j Sahj
.
"
and
bHI
.'.
a dot b
.'
I' et 'dot
..
'.
.
a skalarnen.asobel.l() b
"~ct6fs. a andbI'vek\a'prodakt
'b1: I
; ..:.
'
(;1.Kb)Ya'b'j [0:61. "veCtor;prodlic~
otthe
avoa
vektaz
ei ,an~ bi:I
,~ vektofoyy
eou~in ve1f~orl1 a a b
,
c;ross pr9ductofthe
vectors
e and b I kros', prodekt av oa vektaz
'.
ei and ,b1:'~
'- -,
n! r I!!
;".
b ' .1 ei
,across
.
-.'
:.-' ,-."
-".."".
'-,
P(I1;rJj
liP"
the
',.,
.
.. '..:-->
variac!
nl/Cr!
.
r
.
. ",'
.": .:
-"
te.. tHdy
'_
"81,82,
,!" i.i'
f(.xJ ; F(;x) .
b
..
t~k~n
I' at9
time
158.'
:.
,."..,
funct.ion
f.(of).
part
.1sa,
'-
,"-'
x"I
xI
of
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fa;ika8l},
ef(avl
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in!
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obsazenov
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D
se
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se
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- "konverguje
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k
:
implikiiji'
I.11:s
.'
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t, ;apa
_.
ba,undI
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.
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supremum
,
greatesti~wer'
bpund' I<greitist' /l()ua 'baundI .. infimum'
lIlri1oste'verYwfler~ :' I' 0: imous~'evi-iwe~f
~..'. skorov~ude
littles"llitl ~i.I,
' ~,";"
'';' ' 'male a
a
lower case a,IloLia
kei~eiI'
. .,
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- "
i rif..
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-
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,big
a.
capitala,"I'kroDital;
eir,'
upper
case
B. 1'-" apa 'keis
.'
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heavy type a I hevi., taip
a. ;I 'big,
e1I
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A
eU
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silne
vyti~ten~
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t'i
f
it 1nt~t,
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upp'e~1:>ollM
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Ikon va; dZiz. tal
"":"',:","::~.-"""
least
;je
,
.
'-
'1Ulplf(~slfJl1PlaiZI
",
-
x
.. je prvkem
.'..
. :..<"
z1:
funkce
-je~~sti
jellko~,
~aI..blHf
.. -
c.:oI,iverg~st()
'=9';':.,:
'".',t
IlIIeitr,1s:
i.
~pproache8.
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ta:t':-n~ie~!
-"odtud,
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b~cause
IbikozI',~:
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..
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.' ekaI,
. sinceI'81n~I';'-jeilkq~..
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i~leme~t,ofl~i~.,el1~an;a,vI
therefor91~ea
. fo:1.
~,proto'
henc,eI
."....
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ka'n:~teind
:b~1oI1g.a':tO"tbi:lo~'~'
...
",
I mE!~trik~l, mn.~. matrices
of ,x; I fa.9k~9nav
eks1
..'
.
..' .
detertn1nah~
"'_
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-
'
.'
matrix
function
(1n<1I
.
8 t~meI~a
a:ratatdmI
k fi prvk1l
.
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nambar
...
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tHdy.
, iB66rttairi~diri'1,:i";
-
n fektori~i
..~. . ..
zn...prvkl1
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~di ta: minant;r
,
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tJ
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n 'tl)'irig~
{'d"S-~'rl!j::,
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n~sobeno
C:;~
'the nU!1lberOf~o~binatioris,,6f
J)thin~8't8ke1)r'at
'. .nambaI'~v,:..~qmbl..n~Uanz
:av . en ei9z
teikn
.
".
,
num~ef'9f'p~r~u1:~t19ri§'9f
po~et
C(n,'rJ
."
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..:. e vektorbve
~v ;pa:mju: tei~anz, av en' e19z teikn 8:r a::ta tairo!'
nf I (n -, r)! =.~ (ll';' 1) (0'2)...
(n~' r +1) .-
'.
nCr;J~J;
...'
'bi:I
factorial.n1~kto:X;ia,l
n factor,lel
Ie.n~k
.
.
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'kros
\.
Kathematical:o~erations
[a ' dllari ]
Addi tiOD
- s~:!tat
- plus
to add ( 8ed]
plus
5
+
[ 'phs]
7 .. 12
tive
a + b .. c
plus
a plus
Subtraction
seven
b equals
-
[sab 'tr 98k!an]
equals twelve
is
makes
are
is equal to
c
odeCSitan:(
-
to subtract
[s'ab 'tr aektJ
odeCSi1;at
m.inus
minus. [ ,main~s ]
9 - ,}= 6
nine minus three equals six
-
8
-b
=c
a minus
b equals
(,maltipl1
Multiplication
'kei!an]
to IIIUltipl,.
['maltiplaiJ
x ,
multiplied
by, times
.
1 x
2 x
,} x
. 5.x
,}.
ab .. c
:
[ di'viz9n]
[di 'vaid
divided
6 : 2
- nasobit
- nasobeno,
krat
]
d81en1
dUit
.,
by
= ,}
a:b=c
Raising
.
- nasoben:!
onoe [ 'waps ]
twioe ['twais]
three times (ate.)
fi va times three is fifteen
a (times)
b equals 0
= 15
Division
to- div~de
0
t.o the
six divided by two is three
a divided by b equals c
power
['rehilI
t~
cf~ 'pau9]
- mocnen1
to. .ra.iee , to the P9wer of [ta 'reia ta <f'a 'pauar av] - umocnit na
[pau'C)}
mocnina .
exponent
[eke' p~un9nt]
exponent,
moonina
.
superscript
['Sju:pgskriptJ
v!e, co se pile u CSiala nabofe,
subscript
['sabskript J
de,
co se p:!h u ~is1a dole
index
power
-
-
-
52
a3
a-3
(a + b) 2
x2 + y2
(a + b)3
-
-
five squared
['skwe~dJ
a cubed ['kju:bd]
a to the minus three
a plus b all squared
x squared plus y squared
a plus b all cubed
Dalii mocniny se tvori : to + CSlen + radova
a4
a t~ the fourth
an
a to the nth
an+1
a to the n plus one
(am)n
a to the mthall
to the nth
CSis10vka
.-
..
"
O~~1>lUS
x, to
the
fitth
a plusb
all to the nnus
a to the minus one
a to the ainus
on.
n
a to the one third
a to the miDUa
one third
a to the ,one over x
a to the two thirds
Extraotionot the rpot
to extraot
index,
the ./nth! root ,Iout/ ot
mn.a.
,
indioes
r;.
3{&
-. odmoonovcuu
",,,
ru:t]
-
[iks'traektJ
['indeks.; 'indiai:.]
,
-
root [ru:t]
Dall!
'
t"'
[ 1k8 traekien9V o~
.L_J
odaocnov~t
- odaoon1tel
.
koren
the square root ot a ['sk"~]
the oube [ 'kju:b] root ot a, a to the one third
odmooniDy
\(a
se tv or! ; uraity
a18n + radova
a!slovka
+ root ot
the fourthrootot a
nJia
the nth root of a, a to the one over n
~~
-~~
thexth rootof a, a to the one overx
the minuscuberootot a, oastiji:a to the a!DD8one third
Fractions ['fr~i9nzJ
a) vulgar
fraotions
numerator
1/2
['valg;} 'fr98ki9JUS] ~ obeon'
-
['nju:mareit9]
denominator
fraotion
zlolllk7
slo.q
oitate1
[4i 'nominei ta] - jmenovatel
line
['fr~ki9n
'lain]
- .J.O'llkova
aara
I
a halt, ['ha:f], one ~t
1/}
one third
1/4
one quarter,one fourth
I
Dali! zlomky 8e hor!
je
tak, Ie v oitateU
dd;y
a8]cladJU
a!alovka,
novateli radova. Je-li oitatel viti! nei 1, je jmenovatel v mnoin'm
ve jmeo!ale,
tj. na konoi je -s. Je-U jmenovate;t
.ak01108Il na jedniom,
oteme jej jako
zakladn! o!slovku.
U n8pravioh'~~~d
oteme.p:!smena
jako v abeoedi a
.lomeno.
3/2
2/5
4/10
a/b
5/21
b)
deoimal
jako
.over"
[9UV;}].
three halves
two fifths
"'\
'
('ha:nJ
['fitSsJ
four tenths
a over b
fiTe
fraotions
IListo desetinnIS
over
twenty-one
[' desimal
ce.rky biT'
.f,
' fr aelti9n.
tecn
]
- de's't\tinntS810*7
(deoili&1 point
['desi89l
'point]
)
BIlla prado deset~ou
teckQu a8 casto nep:!ie a neote. ILists sa desetinnou-'
teckou se otou jednotliv8,pred d.aeti~
t~ou jako oelek.
,
o
nought [,no:t]
o
(eu]
zero
(zi<;lr3u]
,.
.1 0.1 point one, nought point one
.01
point no~t
one
.001
point
double
nought
.}2t
point
three
two point
2. .1
twelve
12.5
Funotions
one
point
Caloulus andlanalysis
tiT8
['koolkjul9S
['ta~k§gna]
t(x). ; F(x), etc.
y = t (x)
one
two one
]
g'ngelisiz
- matematicka
analyza
- funkce
funotion of x, funotion x, tx - funkce x
y is equal to the funotion of x, y is equal to the funotion
x, y is equal
to f of x
y rovna se tunkci x
-
,
Differentiation
to differentiate
x to derive
[ ditel'enSieU9D].
[,dif9'ren§ieite ]
- deri90van!
,
[ di 'rai v]
~
- odvoaovat
[dif-a
differential y
a variation
in y
dt(x)
y';
f'(x)
; »x y
'ren§gl ]
- diferenoi8.l y
[,.vegri'eiiignJ - variaoe
an inorement of y
CiX
derivovat
y
.
['inkrimgnt] - pr!~stek
y
the (first) derivative
[di'rivgtiv]
of y
with respeot to x, wher~ y = t(x) - prvn!
y die x, kde y = t(x)
derivaoe
the (first)
rivaoe
derivative
of f at Xo - prvn1
de-
t(x) dle x v bod~ Xo
the nth derivative of y
= f(x)
with
respect
to x - n-ta derivace y podle x
2
d to the nth y by dx to the nth (e.g.~
d squared y by dx squared;
H.B.. is
dx
pronounced
tx(x,y)
the
; Dx(u)
much longer
partie.1. derivative
of u = f(x,y)
t~ (x,y)
with
u dle x
derivace
partial
~
respect
di
['pa:!l
respect
by partial
the first partial
partial
of f(x, y) with
parci8.ln!
x v bcid~ xo' Yo
derivative
of u = f(x, y),
(taken first) with respect to x and then with
respect to y - druba paroi8.ln1 derivace
; fxy( X,1)
Dy (Dxu)
u = t(x,y) podle
x a y
partie.1.d squared u by partial dy dx
Integration
[,inti
cl /Mvf
- integrove!
'gre1!an]
.
the intearal
(L, l'lj-.
(j
d ~ Jf
i1itegrovat.
integrand
to integrate
['intigreit]
integrand
['intigr~ntJ
integral
['intigrgl]
:.-a~b
J
dx
derivative
t(x, y) podle
the second
'riv'CItiv
to x - parc18.ln1
to x at (xo ' Yo) - prvn1
derivaoe
Uxy
than in dx above)
integr8.l
of
from a to b - integral
.. od
a do b
double
-
integra1
the integra1
ot t(%) with
the (detinite)
integral.
od a do b
-
Limits ['limits J
lim
%~
lim
%~
a
=b
cos
tan
cot
aec
csc
respeot
to. %
- integral
ot t( %) trolL a to be
the
limit
limita
=s
[t( %) + g( %)]
a
ot
to,
t(%)
approaches
where
[ ~' prQuCSb ]
% tends
tl% - pro % bl1!1c1'se
+ t
the
integrtU
t{ %) dx
a is
equal
-
bl:U1
to.
se
b
a rOTna ,se b
l1mi t ot
equal
to
t( %) p'lus
to s plus
t
ef..%) as % tends
to
-
[, triga .' noml tri]
trigonometrie
'
,
[
%
saln
eks ,1
,
sine % [sain
eks]
'
,
[ kos eks J,
%
,
ooslne % [k'ausaln
eks]
%
[' t aen ' eka] ,
,
tangent % [t oondzgnt
eka]
,
,
%;ctn % [kot
eks]
"
,
cotangent % [k'au t oondz-ant eks]
,
,
%
%;cosec
-
tl%' -, dx
limity
Trigonometry
sin
'
'
[ ,tendz ]
tends
t(%)
integral
- limita
limit
~
lim
dvoJni
secant
x: [si
:k'Jn1;, eka J
,
%
cosecant
% [ k~u sl:~~n~
'
"
Gr,ee).:a\Lphabet
[' grl;k
eks
sin
ooe. %
tg %
ctg x:
sec'x:
cosec x
]
aelt9bet]
"
,A
0<:.,
r~lt~J
'
alta
.B(3
('b1:t~J
r r'
6. cf
E f.,
['gam.~]
[' del t-aJ'
[' , epsil~n,
Z ~
[zi:t~J
[i:t~J
['9i;t-a,
'gelt-a]
C ai '"ut-a]
.,
H~
e 1)
I
~
beta
ep' saihnJ
"'."
" '
,game.
delta
epsiloA/
dZ6ta,,'.
k iJC- [ 'k oop~J
kapa
,['1 gemd~J
lambda
M fl'
N V
I g
['mju; ]
[ ,nju; ]
['kaai,
'zai]
m1
ny
ks1
Tr 1i
P f
[; 6'
T-rYV
P
X
Y
Jt
If
X
If
w
[;eumik~n,eu
'maikrgn]
['pal]
[ , reu ]
[ , sigm~ J
['to;]
[[ttiLJ
,
,
apsi~on, ipsllon'
[ ,ju~p sail'an
['tai]
[ 'kal ]
['psai]
['eumiga]
"
,e~,a '
-theta
iota
A 1
a0
"
om1kron
p1
ro
sigma
tau
J
%
)'psilon
t1
cM
ps1
omega
_
a is
E x e r cis
e s
1. Read
a) 2..+ 5 = ; 10+ 8 = ; 25
129 +
37 = ; 371
+ 1.5 =
371 .. ;'a
+
; 78. + 7 .. ; .49 + 9 .. ; 99 + 1 .. ;
b , - x + 1 X'+ Y , 1 + Y
- 7 = ; 23 - 9 ; 91 - = ; 11 - 3 = ; 20 - = i 150 - 100 · ;
- 85 ; 5,000 - 3,000 = ; a , a 5.5 = , 3.8 = , 7.7 = , 4.12,= , 13.10 = , 6.9 = , ab = 0 , xy = z , 2ab
b)
19
c)
18
=
1050
10
=
,'x
1
b
d) 9:3 = , 5:1 = , 21:7 = , 27:9 = , 35:5 = , 100:10 .. ,.48:12
a:b
x, x:z = y
e) 2/}, -4/7, 1/2, 3/4, 1/10, 5/100, 3/1000, 6/21, 4/3,
2
.
a/b, b Ie, o(../y, 'J[/2, 1/x, x/2, 1/ vx , c+d/c- d
.r-- 3,yx, va,
h)
~~
yx+1,
m.r;;.n= ( v-a)n
.
n 17
11,
V ab = 1/a
nrvy,
-2r
va,
-?J~
"X,
11m
va-.
.. an/fA, nJ 1/a = 1/V--;'
nr:Vb,
2. Read the following
-
n~
a V b
5/2
a
= a1/n
nrr;:Va-b,
=
= , 75:15 .. ,
nr:
V 0 .. 0
819M:
.. -
o ; + ;
; ! ; a.b;
a:b ; x:y
a:b ; a: ; :=; ~ ; -::::::;==; a > b
~
,-'If
==
*it
"
,
a -r
b ; Y <t II ; ( ) ; [ ]; a ; a ; a ; a ; a
; a ; a ; an ; X1 ;
I .a I ;
,. Read
ill
;
~
; ==*; X ; a ;
the following
'?'- ,f3 '
letters
f
;
J/;
~
of Greek alphabet,
giving
their
CZ8~names
r, b, w-, t:::.
, t, ,,}I .t, 'P , ;.v, )J, f ' ~, E.,.'L, ~,.'fJ'
0 , V" j 1:, 1T,n.
~, t , g , u,
4. Pay attention
to stress:
differenoe, different, to differentiate, differentiation, differential
add, addition, additional
subtract, subtraction
multiply, multiplication
divide, division
integrate, integral, integration
5.
~ranslate
into Czech
a) equation, expression, formula, .theorem, theory, quantity, constant,
~alue, property, relation, variable, to define, def~n1tion
b) accordingly, hence, thence, whence
c)
let us assume that ...
let a - b
let P denote
;
let E~uation1
;
;
denote ... ; acoording to Eq.2, let a = b
d) the equationis valid for ..~ ; (b) is true, if
for ... ;.the relation applies -for all values of ...
;
e) Eq.l ma~ be expressed as ...
written in the fO~M
.equation- may be put
6:~~rai1s1~te
;
;
; Eq.5 holds
;
we can express Eq.l as ...
P canbe written
as
...
;
;
Eq.) may be
the fo~owing
as
into English
~oTni~e.8a1tan1,
od~1t~,
nasobeni, d~leni, vjsledek, moon~n1, mocnina,
:1nci~~"Qdmocnov~, koren, domek, v a1tatel1,
ve jmenovateli, lomeno,
}'~~~~oe,matematicka 'analyza, derivovani, derivovat, odvodit, diferenci~,
.1ntegr8.l,integrodn1,
sc1tat, odCS1tat,nasobeno 5, clUeno 5, uaooJrltna
..
,~zul1~'\1,UmOon1 t na tfet1,
mocni t, derivovat,
integrovat,
oaocD-ont
.,'.,
c,:;;:".LATIN' ABBREVIA~IONS IN .'cOMMONUSE "IN ENGLISH
,.,):',/>:,'.;.iI
,=~,:::~,==~===~===~~,~,=,~,~:~~'~~=~:;'~==.~~~========
.'
".Abbreviaiion:
::
~
'ce
~~. 'i-~; . -
.
r ca.-:,'.,'",
~.
'". :t-~
/
.
't~'oin~the
~'.,.::;..!-:~'..:'''-~'.-.:>(~
~~~.,"<>(;
,,,., ,;,.>." '::..,~..c;rca.,.
-:'i~" .-:"~. ,:~,_'-:- '. . -:,:.'
..1
..~~.t,::-;,..:.,'"..!.;.,;,.
,<,".
':[. Sl..,
"""'c'+~~;:.fi?~'~~iiipi'i
'.
-~' .~. :
. '..;
~
.
.
gratia,.
. .,
. '.,,'
'.,
ef,
cca~ aei
ken fOl.,
kam peQ]
lit.~.eet.raJ
_"',
,.
.:::::f!I.~-'.~ft[.~~.ndeou~on,"
i:?6ndsou
,4'y. \J.~...'.'v(...
_'- ,'_" '.'_
..~"..~-:..
I
t; eQque.ntee\}ik,~:a:hC1~~he':t'ollo'wijf'
:.i"\:'.i'
,.,,":
\~. '. ,...j,'., .:_.}';;':~~,~./-~~'
*,:,\,,,.tr:,~.,<,,
' , srovnej
#~:gi~~..;~of:j:e.?CaiD~l~,:01' instance
Li. . d~i., ferlg za. mpl,
;.:~\tgl;i¥i~~~'~~e;~~::
.~J.'~(:f;i;'~J~~~G~~i-t:~t:::
:~'t'rf~~t1}
'":'
Czech
',.
';';''''''~'':''''!.'' >.'about"'.'app1'oX1mately",
1~~~'~0:,{;~~*~~=;~~;;,Jd~'~r}~~t;~;~~~J:~m:1;:;~i1.
'::::4;",.~:..
in
: - ":;<.How\0 read it in English
.Latin
',', ~;>:~, '~';'
'.~ . .;'.,
;'..:-- "',\:,J,.;,< ~n~
:
fo:Q]
f.9]
":1..'
,JQ9.. :..fqlQy.
atd.
a nasledujic!
ld~~'~~";:..)et;~>:~~!~~.iij;.:th~~f~
~;itJ?ipi~gi;"! "
l "f.i,ba~clem]:";i:~?'~L. in9 e~.:~'B8i~
"':p~e
ia] .
.
--~'" ... :''.;.:.'
i d""''''''''''em"....
;
'"
',,""
..""...;';':,:;
.
C"
.
':, 'f
"i n .
"
t h"
.
. .::-,
.
e ,same
.
au.'..:t h. ...:~.
0..,
.
~~i*W~em
J. " .' ::;j;;~i::~;fi;~~~<,~;ti;!-.~,~~,;
~(i;~g,':"'.,
id, eat
',,",:,j;',,~>::;,.i.e.,-,,-; that is
'
~tt.~:~:';.
loco'
.. ::.+;~¥)f( ~~'a~~~~M.:~:
. ~o ~Y:';(izJ
H tato"',';';':)hloc.qi
t~..1nthe "place
1
.'. .'
";i':,;;W;~.:<..~~G.9k'~~e
10, ~n:):)a plei
."~.:,<.__,(/,,,,~\..kwoutidJ..
',,'.'.
tamt~!l.
t~hoz /au-u
tora /
t.J.
na citova.
n~m misti:\
rukopie
nota' bene,
zv18~U 6i
vUmni
v citovan~
op cit. .,. .."'.. j:;;';;;~:opere.ci'tato"":~f':;~P..c1t.l.1n.
thE! wor~ QQoted
.,
praci
"it
J5. ~.;,.:-. ':,'
;,:.,.ti~ti
k ' kwoutidJ
~~i'l.~;
;';'c::}':;:~:""/
,,:':,~\i'~:~'; J: OP:;\~A~'.' in .a,Q <~:~a:
.
..
.
. .
'post scriptum, dovt\.tek, dou6ka
PS
ana
PSS'T'~"
.
' ,P.s. ,'poete.ript.,,
co! viz
.;)J!~g:~U~:~~i~l!i1~11!r~:;~t~f::e1)
t
I'
i':
.
.
.
viz
a to,
~.:;;.'
W
't£..."...:,~
1if""
""
,..j,',...W}'eit
atlT
J~,~'~~~'<~~;~~ic~~~~~:
't,.~:i~::'--)t-\~~;,.~;;~;~;;'}~~;<~.:~. ,,:,::;~.,::~. ', , :H';. i
totH